Objective To investigate the effects of [Gly14]-Humanin(HNG) on SOD, MDA, GSH and cell apopto?sis in a rat model of secondary brain injury. Methods One hundred thirty-five adult and healthy male rats were random?ly divided into 3 groups: sham model group (n=45), vehicle control group (n=45) and HNG group (n=45). Secondary brain injury was induced in the vehicle control and HNG groups using improved Feeney method. Vehicle control received abdominal injections of Sodium Chloride Injection (2 ml/kg) whereas the HNG group received abdominal injections of HNG (2 μL/kg) immediately and 24 h after injury. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n=15 rats per each group) by sacrificed time including 1 h, 3 d, and 7 d after injury. The expression levels of SOD, MDA and GSH of the brain tissue were analyzed and the cell apoptosis was examined using TUNEL method after brain contusion. Results MDA and cell apoptosis around the lesion started to increased at 1h, reached a peak at 3d and then gradually subsided but still remained a higher level at 7 d than 1 h. HNG significantly attenuated brain injury-induced increase in MDA and apopto?sis at all time points (P<0.05). By contrast, SOD started to decrease at 1h, reached the lowest point at 3 d and then gradu? ally recovered but still remained a lower level at 7 d than 1 h. HNG significantly mitigated brain injury-induced increase in MDA and apoptosis at all time points (P<0.05). The time course of GSH expression followed a pattern similar to that of MDA. MDA expression was strongly positive correlated with the number of cell apoptosis (r=0.720, P<0.05), strongly neg?ative correlated with the level of SOD and GSH(r=-0.702, P<0.05;r=-0.674, P<0.05). Conclusions After brain injury, HNG inhibits oxidative stress levels and reduces apoptosis, thereby mitigating secondary brain injury.

Lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis JA antagonized a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens. Crude lipopeptides were extracted with methanol from the precipitate which was obtained by adding 6 mol/L HCl to the cell-free culture broth.The crude extract was run on Diamonsil C_(18)column(5?m,250 mm?4.6 mm) in reverse phase HPLC system to purify the lipopeptides.Inhibitory ability and IC_(50)values of lipopeptides towards various microorganisms were determined by agar diffusion method.The results showed lipopeptides exhibited strong inhibitory activity against some important plant pathogenic fungi,including R.solani and F.oxysporum.The ability of B.subtilis JA to antagonize against the growth of the post-harvest pathogen -B,cinerea was tested in vitro.Spore germination of B.cinerea was strongly inhibited in the presence of JA cell suspension.Furthermore,B.subtilis JA can produce antifungal volatiles which strongly inhibited the spore germination and mycelial growth of B.cinerea.As a biocontrol agent,the synergic effect of lipopeptides and volatiles may play a major role in controlling the pathogens by B.subtilis JA.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of transthoracic minimally invasive occlusion operation guided by transesophageal echocardiography for the treatment of congenital atrial or/and ventricular septal defects (ASD/VSD).Methods The clinical data of a total of 44 patients who underwent surgical occlusion operation from September 2013 to June 2015 were summarized.The whole course of occlusion procedure were dynamically monitored and guided by transesophageal echocardiography.All the patients were followed up regularly by electrocardiogram and echocardiograph.Results Among the 44 patients,43 patients(28 VSDs and 16 ASDs,including one patient suffered with VSD and ASD simultaneously)were occluded successfully,and the other patient with VSD who failed in the surgery was converted to open heart repair.The occlusion operations were finished within 22 to 48 min.The length of incision spaned from 2 to 4.5 cm.The ventilator was used for 1 to 5 hours.The total drainge volumes were recorded each patient from 0 to 50 mL.The postoperative hospitalization stay was 2 to 6 days,and all patients survived and were discharged.During the follow-up of 1 to 12 months, there was no cases with A-V conduction block,valve incompetent,cardiac arrhythmia and residual shunt of heart septel defect.Conclusion Transthoraic mini-invasive surgical occlusion of atrial and ventricular septal defects is a therapeutic method with less trauma,higher safety and feasiblity,faster recovery,and the short-term therapeutic effect is satisfying.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the enantioselectivity of norgestrel (NG) transdermal permeation and the potential influence of linalool and lipids on the enantioselectivity. In vitro skin permeation studies of NG across the excised rat skins were performed with Valia-Chien diffusion cells, and the permeation samples were analyzed by enantioselective HPLC. The possible enantioselective permeation of NG across intact rat back skin and lipids extracted rat back skin and the influence of linalool were evaluated. The skin permeation rate of dl-NG was two times higher than that of l-NG when donor solutions (EtOH/H2O 2 : 8, v/v) containing l-NG or dl-NG. It may be mainly attributed to the solubility discrepancy between enantiomer and racemate. The enantioselective permeation of dl-NG across intact rat skin was observed when the donor solutions containing dl-linalool. The permeation flux of l-NG was 22% higher than that of d-NG. But interestingly, the enantioselective permeation of dl-NG disappeared under the same experimental condition except that the lipid extracted rat skin was used. Attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of stratum corneum showed that the wave number for asymmetric CH2 stretching vibrations of lipids treated with dl-linalool was greater than that of the control. The results indicated that the enantioselective permeation of NG may be contributed by the interaction between dl-linalool and lipids. More than half of lipids were composed of ceramides. The stereospecific interaction maybe existed among chiral enhancer (linalool), lipids (ceramides) and/or chiral drugs (NG).
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Lipids ; pharmacology ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Norgestrel ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Stereoisomerism

One new dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-N-methyl Glu-L-N-methyl Glu) (1), together with one new natural dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-methyl Glu ester) (2), and two known dicyclopeptides cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-Glu) (3), and cyclo-(L-Glu-L-Glu) (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Dianthus chinensis L. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods.
Dianthus ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of compensatory angiogenesis and the angiosome-based revascularization strategy for endovascular procedures in treating infrapopliteal critical limb ischemia in elderly diabetic patients.Methods A retrospective study of 194 patients with diabetic feet (Fontaine Ⅳ) who had undergone endovascular procedures at our hospital from January 2005 to December 2014 was performed.Based on the angiosome concept,all subjects were classified into the direct revascularization group (DR group),the indirect revascularization through collaterals group (IR-tc group) and the indirect revascularization without collaterals group (IR-wc group).After one-year follow-up,the therapeutic effects were analyzed and compared between the three groups.Results During the one-year follow-up,the rate of unhealed ulcers,the re-intervention rate and the rate of major adverse limb events (MALE) were higher in the IR-wc group than in the DR and IR-tc groups (P=0.000 and 0.000,P=0.025 and 0.013,P=0.014 and 0.023,respectively).The IR-wc group presented a lower limb salvage rate as compared with those in the DR and IR-tc groups (P=0.011 and 0.027).Patients with a single recanalized branch had a higher rate of unhealed ulcers than those with multiple recanalized branches in the IR-wc group (93.9％ vs.71.0％,P=0.015).Conclusions The angiosome-based revascularization strategy has shown important value in guiding endovascular procedures for patients with diabetic foot disease and,in particular,the compensatory angiogenesis approach appears to be critical in generating favorable short-term clinical outcomes in the treatment of diabetic foot disease.

Objective To investigate the expression and function of NGX6-S (short transcript) and NGX6-L (long transcript) in colorectal cancer. Methods In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of these 2 transcripts in colorectal cancer tissues and paired normal tissues, and analyze the correlation between NGX6 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Results The expression of NGX6-S was higher than that of NGX6-L in the colorectal cancer tissues (P=0.008). The expressions of NGX6-S and NGX6-L were not different among the 4 stages of colorectal cancer (P＞0.05). The expression of NGX6-S in the colorectal cancer tissues of Duke A, B, and C stages had no difference with that of the paired normal tissues (P＞0.05). Inversely, the expression of NGX6-S in the colorectal cancer tissues of Duke D stage was lower than that in the paired normal tissues (P=0.033). NGX6-L expression was not different between the colorectal cancer tissues and the paired normal tissues in 4 stages(P＞0.05).The expression of NGX6-S and NGX6-L had no correlation with the serum concentration of CEA. Conclusion NGX6-S may play an important role in colorectal cancer, and the lowered expression of NGX6-S may contribute to the distant metastasis of colorectal cancer.

AIM To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the simultaneous content determination of gastrodin,parishin A,parishin B,ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rf,Rb1 and Rd in Tiantai No.1 Tablets (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Gastrodiae Rhizoma,Cistanches Herba,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 45 ℃C thermostatic Alltima C1scolumn (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrie-0.1％ phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Eight constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 96.94％-97.93％ with the RSDs of 1.06％-2.48％.CONCLUSION This simple,accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Tiantai No.1 Tablets.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impacts on the cognitive level of the children with mental retardation (MR) treated with JIN's three scalp needling therapy and the training for cognitive and perceptual disturbance so as to seek the more effective therapeutic method for the treatment of MR in children. Methods Sixty-six MR children were randomized into a head-point needle-retaining therapy + training group (group A) and a training after acupuncture group (group B). Seven cases and 12 cases were dropped in the two groups respectively. Twenty-six cases accomplished the treatment in the group A and 21 cases in the group B. In the group A, the points on the head were stimulated and the needles were retained (30 min after the general acupuncture, the needles on the body points were removed; and those on the head points were retained for 1 h, including Sishenzhen, Naosanzhen, Zhisanzhen and Niesanzhen). Simultaneously, the training for the cognitive perceptual disturbance was combined. In the group B, 1 h after needle retaining at the body points and head points, all the needles were removed; the training for the cognitive perceptual disturbance was followed. The treatment was given once a day, and the treatment for 3 months was required. Before and after treatment, the Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC) was used for evaluation and observation of verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) , performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and full-scale intelligence quotient (TFIQ) and score changes of 11 items such as information, picture vocabu; lary, arithmetic, picture generalization, comprehension, etc.

RESULTSAfter treatment, FIQ, VIQ and PIQ scores were different significantly as compared with those before treatment (all P<0. 01). In the group A, the results of picture vocabulary, animal egg laying, maze, block design and geometric figure were all improved significantly (all P<0. 05). In the group B, the results of information, comprehension, block design and geometric figure were all improved significantly (all P<0. 05). After treatment, concerning the value difference in FIQ and PIQ of the two groups; the changes in the group A were more significant (both P<0. 01). After treatment, the results of picture vocabulary and maze were improved significantly in the group A as compared with the group B (both P<. 01). The IQ categories changed apparently after treatment in the two groups, toward the higher level in tendency generally, but without significant difference (both P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe simultaneous treatment with head point retaining of JIN's three needling therapy and the training for cognitive and perceptual disturbance obviously improves children patients' verbal comprehension, expression ability, hand-eye coordination ability, attention, logical reasoning ability and visual perception. The efficacy is better than that in the treatment of the training after acupuncture.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; psychology ; therapy ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Perception ; Scalp ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the prevalence and resistance mechanisms of Proteus mirabilis in the ward of neurology de‐partment of our hospital .Methods For a total of 20 clinic isolates of Proteus mirabilis ,PCR were used for the detection of AmpC , ESBLs ,KPC and MBLs and then DNA sequencing was performed .The integrons were also detected by using PCR and then sequen‐cing was carried out .The genetic relationship between isolates were detected and analysed by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis(PF‐GE) .The results of drug sensitivity tests were analysed .Results TEM‐1 and CTX‐M‐14 gene were found in all the 20 isolates ,the 10 isolates of Proteus mirabilis were also found carrying CMY‐2 gene .Class Ⅰ integrons were amplified from 19 strains carrying gene cassettes aacA4+cmlA1,dfrA12+orfF+aadA2and dfrA32+ereA+aadA2 respectively .PFGE analysis revealed that the 20 isolates were grouped into 11 PFGE types P1-P11 ,the 12 isolates of P1-P3 were same clones .The sensitive rates of the i‐solates to Meropenem ,Amikacin ,Aztreonam ,Ceftazidime and Tazocin were high .Conclusion Nosocomial transmission of the same clone of Proteus mirabilis was appeared in the ward of neurology department of our hospital .The predominance drug‐resistance genes were CTX‐M‐14 andCMY‐2 .The incidence of carrying class Ⅰ integrons was high ,and the major gene cassettes wereaacA4+cmlA1and dfrA12+orfF+aadA2.The 20 isolates were all sensitive to Meropenem ,Amikacin and Aztreonam .Other Clinical departments should also pay attention to the nosocomial infection caused by Proteus mirabilis and strengthen the infection control measures .