Analysising of the students' role will contribute to improve the quality of clinical teaching.The core of the students' role is “student”,they are the principal part of the learning activities.At the same time,students have on the shoulders the practice role of clinical nurse.The remarkable thing is that the students have kinds of needs of different levels,they should be regarded as the holistic person who have the individual otherness and commonness and the inimitable value.The characteristic of students can influence their behaviors in clinical activities.

Objective To investigate and compare the perception of communication difficulties by mainstreaming students with hearing impairment and that of their peers.Methods The children’s version of the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) was used to measure perceived communication difficulty in various daily situations.Results There was significant difference between the perception of mainstreaming students and that of their peers for the background noise(BN) subscale questions.Conclusion In order to improve the communication ability of the students with hearing impairment, it is critical to educate one of their important communication partners—their peers, about the hearing loss and its effect on communication, especially under the situation of background noise.

OBJECTIVE: Understand the main types and characteristics of inhaled allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in Urumqi, Xinjiang, and provide theoretical basis for diagnosis, treatment, prevention of local allergic rhinitis and epidemiological investigation. METHOD: Inhaled allergen detecting on suspected patients with allergic rhinitis in clinic by the allergopharma skin prick test. Group the skin prick test positive patients of 340 samples according to their nationality, age and gender, then compare the inhaled allergen differences between them. RESULT: The total positive rate with allergic rhinitis prick test in 340 cases is 94.7%, of which the highest proportion is Artemisia (66.2%), followed by Chenopodium album (51.2%), poplar (42.6%), Ulmus (40.9%), Liu (33.8%), Timothy (27.6%), dust mite (21.2%), house dust mite (17.9%), ragweed (15.9%), dog (11.2%), cat (10.6%), cockroach (8.5%), Alternaria (5.6%) and Candida albicans (3.5%). The sensitivity of poplar, willow, Timothy and Alternaria of the minority group is higher than the Han group (P<0.05). The allergen positive rate difference among different age group has statistical significance (Χ2=59.076, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, poplar and elm are the main allergens in Urumqi area. There is a difference in allergen sensitivity between Minority and Han nationality patients. There is no statistical significance on inhaled allergen positive rate between different genders. Specific allergens can provide basis for the prevention and control of allergic diseases in Urumqi area.
Allergens ; analysis ; Alternaria ; Animals ; Cats ; Cockroaches ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Dogs ; Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; Pollen ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; pathology ; Skin Tests

Rhinoscleroma disease accompanied with laryngotracheal stenosis as a main clinical manifestation is seldom. Here one case is reported. At the beginning, the patient had pharyngalgia and his swallowing was not smooth. After that, he had difficulty in breathing. Surgical therapy, antibiotics treatment and nutritional support were performed. The patient was cured.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Deglutition ; Humans ; Larynx ; physiopathology ; Male ; Respiration ; Rhinoscleroma ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Trachea ; physiopathology

AIM: To study the dynamic expression of protease - activated receptors - 1 (PAR- 1 ) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the influence of Nao Xue Kang Tablet (NXKT) on it's expression. METHODS: 72 Wistar rats were divided into normal group, ICH model groups (ICH, 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d), Nao Xue Kang groups (NXKT, 6 h, 24 h, 3 d,7 d).ICH models were produced with the induction of collagenase typeⅦ - S, except normal group. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect PAR- 1 protein and RT- PCR technique was used to detect PAR- 1 mRNA in brain tissues around the haematoma at different time points of different groups. RESULTS: PAR - 1 protein and mRNA were mildly positive in normal group. In ICH model groups, intensity of PAR - 1 expression started to increase at 6 h, and further increased at 24 h. PAR - 1 expression reached the peak at 3 d and began to descend. At 7 d the decent was obvious. At 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, and 7 d time points, the PAR-1 protein positive cell number and PAR- 1 mRNA absorbance ratio in ICH model and NXKT groups were significantly higher than those in normal group ( P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01). The PAR- 1 protein positive cell number and PAR- 1 mRNA absorbance ratio in NXKT group were significantly lower than in ICH model group ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ). CONCLUSION: After ICH,PAR - 1 is continuously activated because of the stimulation of thrombin. Action of thrombin after ICH may be mediated by PAR- 1; NXKT may inhibit the activation of PAR- 1, so the praxiology is improved. This may be one of the main mechanisms that NXKT could facilitate the recovery of nervous function.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of delayed infection after pedicle screw internal fixation via posterior approach. Methods The management of 17 cases of delayed infection after posterior pedicle screw internal fixation was retrospectively analyzed. Imaging examination was done before operation in all the patients. In petients whose operation was done within 9 months and non-fusion of bone graft was proved, debridement and suction-irrigation were given. For the patients in whom bone graft had fused, the implant was removed, followed by debridement, irrigation, and wound closure. Specimens were taken during operation for bacteriological study. Intravenous antibiotic was given after operation in all the patients. When 3 successive bacterial culture of wound drainage were proved to be negative and total drainage fluid was less than 50ml in 24h, drainage tube was removed. Results Wounds healed in all the patients. In 8 of 12 cases wound healed after debridement and irrigation-suction. In 9 patients fusion of the bone graft was confirmed, and internal fixators were removed, followed by debridement, irrigation-suction and primary closure of the incisions. In 4 cases infection recurred 3-18 months after first stage debridement and irrigation-suction, but X-ray confirmed that there was fusion of the bone graft. In 11 of 17 cases bacterial cultures were positive. Conclusions Delayed infection is a severe complication after internal fixation of the spine. Debridement and irrigation-suction are effective in controlling infection, and at the same time, it allows fusion of the bone graft. Removal of the internal fixators is not indispensable.

AIM: To study the dynamic expression of protease-activated receptors-1 (PAR-1) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the influence of Nao Xue Kang Tablet (NXKT) on it's expression. METHODS: 72 Wistar rats were divided into normal group, ICH model groups (ICH, 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d), Nao Xue Kang groups (NXKT, 6 h, 24 h, 3 d,7 d). ICH models were produced with the induction of collagenase typeⅦ-S, except normal group. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect PAR-1 protein and RT-PCR technique was used to detect PAR-1 mRNA in brain tissues around the haematoma at different time points of different groups. RESULTS: PAR-1 protein and mRNA were mildly positive in normal group. In ICH model groups, intensity of PAR-1 expression started to increase at 6 h, and further increased at 24 h. PAR-1 expression reached the peak at 3 d and began to descend. At 7 d the decent was obvious. At 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, and 7 d time points, the PAR-1 protein positive cell number and PAR-1 mRNA absorbance ratio in ICH model and NXKT groups were significantly higher than those in normal group (P

Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Pigmentation Disorders ; pathology ; Skin ; pathology

Objective To investigate the correlations of body mass index (BMI) with plasma apelin, waist-hip ratio (WHR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), biochemical indicator, blood fat and ultrasonic cardiogram (UCG) figures in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Methods A total of 41 elderly CHF patients (20 males and 21 females, aged 66.0±12.3 years) were divided into 3 groups according to BMI: normal group (n= 16), overweight group (n=13) and obese group (n= 12).And they were also divided into 2 subgroups: grade Ⅲ heart function group (n=22) and grade Ⅳ heart function group (n= 19).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of plasma apelin, and BMI, WHR, C-reactive protein (CRP), FPG, creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, blood fat, electrolyte and UCG of all patients were detected .Results There were significant differences in waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR among the 3 groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).But there were no significant differences in high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), FPG, HbAlc, CK, CK-MB, potassium, sodium, CRP, left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDs), interventricular septal thickness at end diastole (IVSd) and left ventrieular ejection fraction (LVEF) among the 3 groups (all P> 0.05).The apelin level was higher in obese group than in normal group and in overweight group ((0.48±0.15) mg/L vs.(0.18±0.15) mg/L and (0.27±0.06) mg/L, both P<0.01].And the plasma apelin level was higher in grade Ⅳ heart function group than in grade Ⅲ heart function group [(0.35±0.16) mg/L vs.(0.26±0.13)mg/L, P<0.05].The level of plasma apelin was positively correlated with BMI, white blood cell, CK, hemoglobin and TG, and was negatively correlated with cardiac function and LVEF.The influencing factors for the plasma apelin were BMI (β=0.672, P<0.01), age (β=0.244, P<0.05) and HDL (β=-1.000, P<0.01).Conclusions The plasma apelin level is closely correlated with the development of heart failure.Cardiac dysfunction is more severer when the level of plasma apelin is higher.The high level of plasma apelin may be one of factors for the higher survival rate of the obese CHF patients.Plasma apelin level may be used as an indicator of state of illness.

Treating different diseases with the same method is a unique original thinking in Chinese medicine, which embodies the spirit of treatment based on syndrome differentiation. We briefly reviewed the origin and development of this concept. We also reviewed that thinking of combination of disease and syndrome is its premise and foundation. We put forward the conditionality of diseases in treating different diseases with the same method by cutting-in modern biological basic researches, that is to say, one kind specific diseases or disease of one specific system. We emphasized the importance of diseases conditionality in treating different diseases with the same method, which was of great significance in studies on combination of disease and syndrome, correspondence of prescription and syndrome, and modern biological basic researches of treating different diseases with the same method.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions ; Research