Age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) is a kind of age-related blinding degenerative fundus lesions, totally about 30 million patients suffering from AMD all over the world, with about 500 000 people blind for it yearly. As the development of economy and the aging of the population intensified, incidence of AMD indicates a trend of rising year by year, being the third major cause of blindness in our country. At present, the pathogenesis of AMD is not fully clear, as reported it may be related to oxidative stress, inflammatory immune response, VEGF and genetic manipulation. Clinical treatments mainly include photodynamic therapy, drug therapy, radiation therapy, laser photocoagulaory operation, the pupil warm treatments, Chinese medicine and intravitreous injection VEGF antagonists such as Ranibizumab, Conbercept and so on. ln this issue, we mainly expound on the progress in the epidemiological studies of AMD, especially elaborate the progress made on genetic manipulation in recent years.

Ahigh-resolutionmethodforhumanleukocyteantigen-B(HLA-B)genotypingwasestablished based on the optimized polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequencing technology. The exon2 and exon3 of HLA-B gene were amplified with primers based on the HLA-B gene sequence. These produced heterozygous alleles were effectively cloned into plasmid DNA based on the principle of plasmid incompatibility, and were followed by bacterial culture. Then Sanger sequencing was carried out and after analyzing the result by software ClustalX2 and IMTG/HLA database comparison, the HLA-B genotype of the samples was achieved. Seven clinical samples were detected, and the results were consistent with those of PCR-SBT genotyping method. The method was cost-effective, high-resolution and it did not require technical software. The use of universal primers simplified the cumbersome design and optimization process of specific primers.

Objective To study a simple and manual contrast board in Double Contrast Examination,so as to decrease labor intensity and the X-ray influence to the work staff.Methods The integrated design consisted of two parts:filled gas and oppressive container.The gas and Barium was injected into the large intestine by manual control and its volume may be adjusted casually according to the requirement.Results It is proved in clinical application that the design is reasonable,the structure is simple and the operation is convenient.Conclusion The device makes the relationship between medical staff and patients more harmonious.It worth popularizing.

Objective To forward the concept of solution space of pharmacokinetics for studying radiophannaceutical distributions in animal models. Methods On the basis of special solutions of differential equations of pharmacokinetics, the solution space was established using the characteristics of linearly independent particular solutions and used to express the pharmacokinetics of pharmaceuticals in vivo. 0. 2 ml (7.4 MBq) 2β-carbomethoxy-3β- (4-corophenyl)-8-(2-18F-fluoroethyl) nortropane (18F-FECNT) was injected through tail vein into normal mice. The mice were sacrificed by decapitation at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min post-injection. Brain tissues were removed and weighed, and radioactivity was counted with the γ-counter. The solution space theory was used to study pharmacokinetics of 18F-FECNT in brain tissues of mice. Results The result showed that all solutions of pharmacokinetics models, based on differential equations, were included in the solution space. The solution of any organ or tissue could be linearly expressed by bases of the solution space. When the dimension number of the solution space was no more than 3, the solution could be directly expressed with coordinate picture. By this rule in our theory, the quantity of 18F-FECNT in brain tissues of mice changed with time, which was accorded with the experiment. The coordinates of striatum, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, occipital cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in the solution space were ( 10.13, 1.49), (4.27, 0. 84), (4.48, 0.81 ), (2.89, 0.98), (3.65, 0. 83),(3.55, 0. 98) and (2.03, 1.25 ), respectively. Conclusion The theory of solution space could be used to study pharmacokinetics of 18 F-FECNT in mice brain.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the ERK/FoxO3a signal axis could induce the inhibitory effect of vitexin 1 (VB-1) in HepG2 cell proliferation.

METHODThe MTT method was adopted to observe the effect of different concentrations of VB-1 on human hepatoma carcinoma cell line HepG2 and immortalized human embryo liver cell line L-02. The cell growth was assessed by the clone formation assay. The protein phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and FoxO3a were measured by the western blot.

RESULTVB-1 inhibited the viability of HepG2 cell line in a concentration-dependent manner, with a weak effect on L-02 cell line. VB-1 could effectively inhibit the anchorage-dependent growth of HepG2 cells, and reduce the expression levels of pERK1/2 and pFoxO3a in a concentration-dependent manner. MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 could enhance VB-1' s effect in inhibiting HepG2 cell proliferation and ERK1/2, FoxO3a phosphorylation.

CONCLUSIONVB-1 inhibits the proliferative activity of hepatoma carcinoma cell line HepG2 by blocking the ERK/FoxO3a signal axis.

Apigenin ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Forkhead Box Protein O3 ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Growth Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective To review the effect of exposed and buried Kirschner wire fixation of lateral humeral condyle fracture in children.Methods Randomized control trials (RCTs) about exposed versus buried Kirschner wire fixation of lateral humeral condyle fracture in children were identified through electronic search using the Cochrane Collaboration search strategies and manual search.Electronic database included Cochrane Library,Medline,PubMed,CBM,VIP,CNKI,Wanfang database and other Chinese and English database.Manual research included related journals and conference proceedings.Quality analysis of the included literatures was performed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS).RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta analysis.Results Four studies involving exposed Kirschner in 150 cases and buried Kirschner in 351 cases were included.The two techniques were similar with respect to postoperative infection (OR =1.10,95％ CI 0.52 ～ 2.33,P ＞ 0.05),superficial infection (OR =1.45,95 ％ CI 0.66 ～ 3.18,P ＞ 0.05),reoperation rate (OR =2.29,95％CI 0.51 ～ 10.25,P ＞0.05),delayed union rate (OR =1.57,95％ CI 0.76 ～ 3.21,P ＞0.05) and total complications (OR =1.57,95％ CI 0.76 ～ 3.21,P ＞ 0.05).However,Kirschner wire exposure shortened the time of pulling out Kirschner wire (MD =-13.28,95％ CI-16.42 ～-10.14,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Applied for lateral humeral condyle fracture in children,exposed versus buried Kirschner wire fixation results in short Kirschner wire stabilization time that avoids local anesthetic and cost while pulling out Kirschner wire in the late stage.

Objective:To investigate the role of C3a,C5a and their receptors in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods:A total of twenty-eight 6-8 weeks old female BALB/c mice were investigated.And they were negative control group , WT group,C3aR-/-group,C5aR-/-group(the latter three groups were named as experimental groups ),seven mice in each group.All the mice were infected through respiratory tract with infectious SV (experimental groups) or PBS(negative control group),combined with tail vein challenge to make IgAN animal model.Testing 24 h total urinary protein , serum urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and creatinine ( Cr ) , using direct immunofluorescence to test the renal deposition of IgA and C 3,observing renal pathologic lesion under PAS staining with light microscopy.RT-qPCR was used to test the relative mRNA expression of TNF-α,TGF-β,IL-1β,IL-6,MCP-1.Results: After 15 weeks,the level of UTP in experimental group was significantly higher than negative control group ,and the same results as WT group than C3aR-/-group and C5aR-/-group.There was no significant difference among groups for BUN and Cr.Combined with negative control group , experimental groups had significant renal pathological lesions , and the changes of WT group was more severe than C3aR-/-group and C5aR-/-group.The results of relative mRNA expression of TNF-α,TGF-β,IL-1β,IL-6,MCP-1 was the same as the level of 24 h UTP,at the same time,the relative mRNA expression of IL-1β,IL-6,MCP-1 in C3aR-/-group was significantly less than C5aR-/-group.Conclusion:The deficiency of C3a/C5a receptors can protect kidney from injury in IgAN ,and C3a receptor has more significant role in protect kidney from injury in IgAN.

The aim of this study is to establish stable transfected cell lines which could produce SPAG4L protein labeled with Myc and His tags in vitro. The open reading frame (ORF) of human SPAG4L was amplified by PCR and the fragments were cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)A. The recombined plasmids of pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)A/SPAG4L were verified by sequencing and digestion with enzymes. Then, the recombined plasmids were introduced into HeLa cells and screened by G418. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of SPAG4L and its tags in stable transfected cell lines. SPAG4L and its tags were expressed in the stable cell lines transfected with pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)A/SPAG4L, but not in the control group. Further study showed that SPAG4L colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) marker PDI by immunofluorescence. The stable transfected cell lines established in this study will provide a powerful tool for further studies such as co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down.
Carrier Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Histidine ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Transfection

Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Humans ; Hyperesthesia ; etiology ; Male ; Spondylosis ; complications

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between uPA and NF-?B p65 expression and its clinical significance in breast cancer. METHODS: The uPA mRNA was measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR in 46 cases of breast cancer tissues and their adjacent counterparts. NF-?B p65 were measured using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The expression of uPA gene was elevated in 63% of cases, and there was a strong correlation between NF-?B p65 and uPA expression (r=0.451,P