Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Urologic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Clinical testing of equipment is an interdisciplinary professional and technical course,of which we made continuous innovation and practice by optimizing the curriculum system ,upgrading teaching contents,reforming teaching methods,opening up the construction of teach-ing materials,building the teaching staff and improving teaching quality management etc.After five years of positive efforts the remarkable teaching results were achieved.

By updating their concepts of education,carrying out the reform of teaching content,teaching methods and means,strengthening the construction of teaching materials,creating a high standard teaching team,the author aims to implement the construction of quality course of clinical testing equipment and comprehensively improve the teaching quality.

Objective To investigate the current situation of the use of standard medical terminologies in journal, and analysis the reasons and then find the solutions.Methods Through searching the WANFANG database, we selected the nonstandard and standard terms of 100 common medical terminologies as Search Words, all the fields as Search Options to trace articles in periodicals from Jan.2011 to Dec.2013.After getting the top ten ranked words, the rate of use of the standard terms was analyzed.Results Some journals still use nonstandard terms, standard terms were mixed up with nonstandard terms in all of the 100 medical terminologies.Conclusions More attention should be paid to the use of the standard medical terms in periodicals to unify and standardize the use of medical terms.

Sulfur , a major component of gunpowder , has been widely used in the engineering and military in-dustries since ancient times . In fact , the application of sulfur in traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) has a long history , which indicated the uniqueness of TCM theory and practice . Besides , sulfur has played an impor-tant role for the development of TCM in the history . In order to scientifically analyze the role of sulfur in TCM , this paper focused on the application and evolution of sulfur in the development process of TCM , which aimed to provide a reference for the study of the value and role of sulfur in TCM .

Adenocarcinoma ; secondary ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cryptorchidism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; secondary

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of megace (MA) on the survival condition of cancer patients in chemotherapy (CT) periods.Methods92 patients with cancer were divided into the MA group (treated with MA+CT) and control group (treated only with CT). The changing of the appetite, normal food amount, weight, gastrointestinal reaction and whole body conditions of two groups were evaluated.ResultsIn the MA group, 52.2% patients had appetite improvement, 47.8% had more food amount, 45.7% gained more weight, 50% had no obvious gastrointestinal reaction such as vomiting and nausea, and 50% had improve the survival condition according to the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores (increment >10). In the control group, only 6.5% had appetite improvement, 4.3% had more food amount, 13% gained more weight, 28.3% had no vomiting and nausea, and 15.2% had improved the survival condition. There was a significant difference between two groups (P<0.01).ConclusionMegace is able to reduce nausea and vomiting caused by CT, improve appetite, increase patients weight, protect bone marrow from the inhibition of CT, improve the life quality of cancer patients, and has no evident side-effects.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of continuous intravenous infusion of Isoproterenol (ISO)on myocardial mitochondria of early septic rats and the corresponding mechanism.Methods Thirty Sprague Dawley (SD)rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 cases per group):control group,endotoxin group,ISO small-dose group,ISO medium-dose group and ISO large-dose group.Endotoxin group and ISO intervene group received same management apart from drug intervention:receiving intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)10 mg/kg followed by an continuous intravenous infusion of 9 g/L saline 1 mL/h or ISO 0.06 μg/(kg · min),0.30 μg/(kg · min)and 0.60 μg/(kg · min).Control group received intraperitoneal injection and continuous intravenous infusion with the same amount of 9 g/L saline.The primary endpoint of the study was 24 hours after injection of 9 g/L saline or LPS.Serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB),oxidative and nitrosative stress levels and swelling of isolated heart mitochondrion were detected.The pathological changes of the myocardium and morphologic changes of the heart mitochondria were observed through light microscope and scanning electron microscope,respectively.Results The levels of CK,CK-MB,nitric oxide (NO) content,inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA)content in endotoxin group were increased compared with control group (all P ＜ 0.05),while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased [(11.543 ± 1.080) U/mg prot vs (9.892 ±0.815) U/mg prot,P ＜0.05].The morphology of the heart mitochondria significantly changed (such as swelling,disordered arrangement,crest fracture,fusion and cavitations,and so on).ISO intervention significantly decreased the levels of CK,CK-MB and mitochondrial swelling (all P ＜ 0.05) and increased the SOD activity (all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of NO content,iNOS activity and MDA content were significantly decreased in small-dose group [(10.823 ± 2.240) μmol/g prot vs (7.917 ± 2.203) μmol/g prot,(0.045 ± 0.008) U/mg prot vs (0.033 ± 0.003) U/mg prot,(1.663 ± 0.618) mmol/mg prot vs (0.768 ± 0.312) mmol/mg prot,all P ＜ 0.05],while the levels of iNOS activity and MDA content were significantly increased in medium-and large-dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) ; compared with medium-dose group,the degree of mitochondrial swelling in large-dose group increased (1.160 ± 0.186 vs 1.393 ± 0.128,P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes of the myocardium mitochondria significantly improved.Conclusions The myocardium and myocardial mitochondria of early septic rats were damaged,continuous intravenous infusion of low-dose ISO revealed protective effect on these damages,and the corresponding mechanism may relate to the decrease of the oxidative and nitrosative stress.

Objective To provide applied anatomy basis for upper fibular bone flap pedieled with cir- cumflex fibular neck artery.Methods The origin,course,branches,distribution and anastomosis of cir- cumflex fibular neck artery were observed on 54 sides of adult cadaver lower limb speeimens perfused with red latex.Results The circumflex fibular neck artery derived from popliteal artery (3.3?1.1)cm beneath the tip level of fibular head,with its length of (1.4?1.0) cm and diameter of (1.4?0.5) mm.The ascending periosteal branches of circumflex fibular neck artery anastomosed consistently with the descending periosteal branches of inferior lateral genicular artery.Conclusion The transplanting operative design of upper fibular bone flap pedicled with circumflex fibular neck artery was feasible.

Objective To investigate the relationship between a novel polymorphism of C5L2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Uygur population from Xinjiang region.Methods A novel single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP),698C＞T(P233L) was found using a polymerase chain reaction direct-sequencing method.C5L2 gene 698C ＞ T variant from 252 patients with T2DM and 747 healthy control subjects was detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.Result Heterozygote carriers of the 698CT genotype were more frequent among T2DM patients than that among controls (0.107 vs 0.036,x2 =18.576,P＜0.01) in the Uygur population. After adjustment of confounding factors such as sex,age,smoking,alcohol consumption,and hypertension,as well as serum levels of triglyceride,total cholesterol,low-density lipoproteincholesterol,and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,the difference remained significant ( P＜0.01,OR =3.373,95％ CI 1.736-6.553 ).Conclusion The CT genotype of the C5L2 gene might be a risk factor of T2DM in Uygur nationality population in Xinjiang.