OBJECTIVE:To study inhibitory effects of propofol on PC12 cells injury induced by glutamic acid via mitogen-acti-vated protein kinase/extra-cellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signal pathway. METHODS:PC12 cells were randomized into normal control group,model group(10 mmol/L glutamic acid),propofol low-concentrations,medium-concentrations and high-con-centrations groups(12.5,25,50 μmol/L+10 mmol/L glutamic acid). The optical density of cells,cell apoptosis,the phosphoryla-tion of ERK1/2 and the expression of c-fos,Bax,Bcl-2 were detected after treated with relevant medicine for 48 h. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,optical density of cells,the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 decreased in model group (P<0.01);apoptotic rate,the expression of c-fos and Bax increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group,optical density of cells,the expression of Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in propofol group (P<0.01);apoptosis rate,the ex-pression of c-fos and Bax decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were statistical significant between the different concentrations (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Propofol can inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glutamic acid,which is associated with the up-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

Objective To construct and screen the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) negative regulation factor (Nef) peptide-specific CD4+ T lymphocyte clone.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from five asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients were collected and Bulkcultured with Nef end peptides.The CD4 molecule and intracellular interferon (IFN)-gamma of cultured cells were detected by two-color flow cytometry.The Nef end peptide-specific T cell clone was then constructed by limited dilution and confirmed through enzyme linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT).The best grown cells were selected and cultured as the final clone.Results The Nef end peptide-specific-T lymphocyte clone was successfully constructed from PBMC of one HIV-infected patient and confirmed by ELISPOT.The detection of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 type showed that the epitope of this peptide was probably HLA-DRB1 * 0406.Conclusion The Nef end specific-T cell clone is successfully constructed,and a new epitope in the C-terminus of Nef protein and its HLA restriction are identified.

Objective To explore the effect of triperygium wilfordii polyglucoside(TWP) on the podocytes of rats with diabetes nephropathy(DN). Methods One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (Group A),DN group (Group B),TWP group(Group C).TWP group was divided into 3 subgroups(Ca,Cb,Cc)according to the different doses 4,8,16mg·kg-1·d-1,respectively.Rats in DN group and TWp group were given streptozocin(STZ)by intraperitoneal injection to establish animal model of diabetes.After 12 weeks,24 h urinary protein excretion rate(UAER),BUN,Scr,white blood cell(WBC),blood glucose(Glu),and kidney weight (KW)/body weight(BW)were determined.The renal pathological changes were evaluated by HE staining.The structural change of podocytes was observed by transmission electron microscope.The expressions of nephrin and podocin were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Results (1)Compared to group A,Scr,BUN,Glu,KW/BW,and UAER were significantly higher(P＜0.05)in group B and group C.Whereas the elevated liver enzymes and the decreased WBC were presented in group Cc (3/20). Compared to group A, the protein expressions of nephrin and podocin in nephridial tissue were lower, and the significant differences of pathomorphology in glomerulus,tubules and podocytes were observed in group B and group C. (2) Compared to group B, KW/BW and UAER were lower in group C (P＜0.01); the protein expressions of nephrin and podocin were higher in nephridial tissue; the pathomorphological improvements were exhibited in glomerulus,tubules and podocytes in group C, paralleled with the increase of TWP dose (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions TWP may exert the protective effect on podocytes in diabetic nephropathy rats,dependent on the dose of TWP. The mechanism may be associated with the up-regulatied expressions of nephrin and podocin.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukopenia ; complications ; congenital ; diagnosis ; Male

Objective To analyze distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood specimens of inpa-tients,so as to guiding the principle of clinical use of antibacterials and improve clinical efficacy.Methods The results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test of 2 125 blood specimens,from November 2012 to November 2014,in the Rizhao Hospital of Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 233 strains of pathogens were isolated(the positive rate was 10.96%),including 57 strains of gram-positive coccus(accounted for 24.46%)and 1 74 strains of gram-negative bacilli(accoun-ted for 74.68%).The coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were most common in gram-positive coccus,the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)were 84.2% and 40.0%,respectively.The rate of drug resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin,erythromycin and clindamycin were no less than 80.0%.The Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseud-omonas aeruginosa were most common in gram-negative bacilli,the detection rate of extended spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 35.85% and 28.13%,respectively.The sensitive rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem were both 100.0%.Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli is the most common pathogen in this hospital and multidrug resistance is observed.Therefore,cultures of blood specimen should be timely submitted in order to guiding the rational antimicrobial application in clinic.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; diagnosis

Age Determination by Skeleton ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Child ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Yin-Yang

BACKGROUND: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has very strong regulative effect on the differentiation and proliferation of renal cells as well as the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix. Its abnormal expression plays a key role in the process of fibrous degeneration of various renal diseases including diabetic nephropathy.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect ofjiedu tongluo baoshen gelatin capsule on renal disease in rats with diabetes mellitus and its effect on the expression of renal CTGF mRNA.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experiment taking animals as subjects.SETTING: Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Pathology, Institute of Regenerated Medical Sciences, Jilin University MATERIALS: Totally 46 Wistar rats, of clean degree, male and female in half, weighing 150 to 200 g, were used in the experiment. Jiedu tongluo baoshen gelatin capsule was provided by Preparation Room, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jilin Province (Batch No. 2002101, composed of Renshen, Huangqi, Shengdi, Gouqizi, Zhimuv Digupiv Huanglian,Zhenhua, Jinyinhua, Dahuang, Danshen, Yimucao and so on, 0.25 g/pill)and benazepril (Provided by Beijing Nuohua Pharmaceutical Company,Batch No. 01046) were used in the experiment.METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Institute of Regenerated Medical Sciences, Jilin University from May 2002 to January 2003. ① Totally 46 Wistar rats used in the experiment were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (n=10), model group (n=12), benazepril-treated group (n=12) and traditional Chinese medicine-treated group (n=12).Rats of normal control group were intraperitoneally injected of natrium citricum buffer solution of same volume; Rats of other groups were intraperitoneally injected of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin which was dissolved by 0.1 mol/L citric acid buffer solution before use(pH 4.2). Seventy-two hours after modeling, venous blood was collected from the tails to measure the levels of fasting blood glucose and urine glucose.Blood glucose ≥ 16.7 mmol/L and urine glucose over 卅 suggested diabetic models were successful. Rats of benazepril-treated group were performed intragastric administration of benazepril suspension of 15 mg/(kg·d);Rats of traditional Chinese medicine-treated grou p were performed intragastric administration ofjiedu tongluo baoshen gelatin capsule suspension of 5 g/(kg ·d); Rats of normal control group and model group were performed intragastric administration of the same volume of running water on each morning, once a day, 12 weeks in total. ② Levels of blood glucose,urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and urinary albumin excretion rate were measured 12 weeks after administration; Level of angiotensin Ⅱ of renal tissue was measured with radioimmunoassay; Levels of renal fibronectin and type Ⅳ collagen protein expression were measured with immunohistochemical method; Connective tissue growth factor gene expression of renal cortex was measured with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and renal histological observation was also performed. ③ Analysis of variance was used in the intergroup comparison.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Biochemical index of blood and urine,level of angiotensin Ⅱ of renal tissue, pathological morphology, expression of fibronectin and type Ⅳ rabbit anti-rat collagen protein and expression of connective tissue growth factor mRNARESULTS: Five, four and three rats died in the process of experiment respectively in model group, benazepril-treated group and traditional Chinese medicine-treated group, finally, 10,7,8 and 9 rats entered the stage of result analysis respectively in normal control group, model group, benazepril-treated group and traditional Chinese medicine-treated group. ① The ratio between body mass and renal mass was significantly higher in the model group than in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05),but was significantly lower in the benazepril-treated group and traditional Chinese medicine-treated group than in the model group (P ＜ 0.01). ② Fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in the model group than in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01),but was significantly lower in the traditional Chinese medicine-treated group than in the model group and benazepril-treated group (P ＜ 0.01). ③ Levels of urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urinary albumin excretion rate and angiotensin Ⅱ of renal tissue were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01), but significantly lower in the benazepril-treated group and traditional Chinese medicine-treated group than in the model group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ). ④Pathomorphological change of renal tissue was very severe in the model group,but very mild in the benazepril-treated group and traditional Chinese medicine-treated group. ⑤Fibronectin and type Ⅳ rabbit anti-rat collagen protein expression were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01), those were significantly lower in the benazepril-treated group and traditional Chinese medicine-treated group than in the model group, but higher than normal control group (P ＜ 0.01). ⑥Expression of CTGF mRNA of renal cortex of model group was 2.65 times that of normal control group. Expression of CTGF mRNA of benazepriltreated group and traditional Chinese ine-treated group was decreased by 23.68% and 26.32%, respectively (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).CONCLUSION: Jiedu tongluo baoshen gelatin capsule has protective effect on diabetic nephropathy, which might be implemented by reducing the level of angiotensin Ⅱ of renal tissue and down-regulating the expression of CTGF mRNA of renal cortex of rats with diabetes mellitus, so as to reduce the deposition of extracellular matrix.

To explain the relation between diabetic vasculopathy and'Blood blocking collaterals and phlegm turbidness not being removed'proposed by Mr.ZHU Kan-yu.It is believed that the turbidness is the basic pathological product during the development of diabetes.Blood glucose remains high,which reflects the disorders of transportation and distribution of turbid yin and qi in the body.That is to say that the thick coreal nutrients in the vessels are unable to be distributed and absorbed but stay in the vessels as turbid pathologic factors.Blood stasis and phlegm is the further result of turbid pathologic factors.The TCM explanation of diabetic vasculopathy is that phlegm,turbidness,blood stasis block the meridians and collaterals.Those visible pathological factors deposit in vessels and cause narrow vessels and thick walls.Meanwhile the deposit stimulates,spreads,erodes and burns the walls and finally ruins the walls.

System combing the internal unity of traditional Chinese medicine culture and socialist core values is the demands of both contemporary TCM culture intrinsic appeal and also the practice of socialist core values. Based on exploring the inner link between the core value of traditional Chinese medicine culture and socialist core values, this article discuss the specific path of promoting socialist core values in the process of TCM culture inheritance and innovation.