Objective: To optimize the conditions of microwave technique in extraction of effective ingredients in Corydalis Rhizoma in the condition of pilot scale. Methods: Medicinal materials processing, microwave power, solvent concentration, liquid to solid ratio, extraction time and so on were investigated by single factor test on the extraction rate of tetrahydropalmatine, and on this basis, using the method of Box-Behnken the microwave extraction process of Corydalis Rhizoma was optimized. Results: The optimum process of microwave extraction of Corydalis Rhizoma was as follows: using drinking water as the extraction solvent, microwave power of 7 kW, liquid to solid ratio of 10:1, and extraction for 21 min. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of tetrahydropalmatine predictive value was 83.60%, and the verified value was 83.74%; and compared with water extraction, dry extract rate decreased by 70%. Conclusion: The mathematical model established is significant (P<0.01) and can analyze and forecast the microwave extraction technology of Corydalis Rhizoma.

Objective: To explore the effect of ultrafiltration technology in the preparation of Xiangdan Injection on transmittance and impurity removal rates of protocatechuic aldehyde (PA) and sodium danshensu (SD), to evaluate its applicability, and to optimize the ultrafiltration technology. Methods: Taking the solution temperature, pH value, intercept relative molecular weight of ultrafiltration membrane, membrane import and export pressure difference of ultrafiltration membrane as influence factors, the process parameters of the ultrafiltration were optimized by detecting the contents and solid contents of PA and SD before and after the ultrafiltration. Results: The three factors of temperature, pH value, and import and export pressure difference have no significant influence on the transmittance of PA and SD, and the removal rate of impurity. The intercept relative molecular weight of ultrafiltration membrane has the significant influence (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The optimized ultrafiltration conditions are feasible for the preparation of Xiangdan Injection.

In this paper, optimization of the conditions of microwave technique in extraction process of Guizhi Fuling capsule in the condition of a pilot scale was carried out. First of all, through the single factor experiment investigation of various factors, the overall impact tendency and range of each factor were determined. Secondly, L9 (3(4)) orthogonal test optimization was used, and the contents of gallic acid in liquid, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, benzoyl paeoniflorin, amygdalin of the liquid medicine were detected. The extraction rate and comprehensive evaluation were calculated with the extraction effect, as the judgment basis. Theoptimum extraction process of Guizhi Fuling capsule by microwave technology was as follows: the ratio of liquid to solid was 6: 1 added to drinking water, the microwave power was 6 kW, extraction time was 20 min for 3 times. The process of the three batch of amplification through verification, the results are stable, and compared with conventional water extraction has the advantages of energy saving, time saving, high efficiency advantages. The above results show the optimum extracting technology of high efficiency, stable and feasible.
Capsules ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; Microwaves ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo analyse a special kind of Schisandra chinensis with the white fruit using ITS2 barcode at molecular levels.

METHODITS2 regions were sequenced bidirectionally. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner, MEGA 5.0 software was used to align the sequences. The ITS2 secondary structure was predicted using ITS2 web server, BLAST 1 method was used to identify the S. chinensis with the white fruit.

RESULTThe length of the ITS2 sequence was 231 bp. And the sample was identified as S. chinensis using the method of BLAST 1. Their mean interspecific genetic distance (K2P distance) among the populations of the S. chinensis with the white fruit and S. chinensis was far lower than the mean interspecific genetic distance between the S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera.

CONCLUSIONBy using ITS2 the S. chinensis with the white fruit was identified as S. chinensis, and the ITS2 barcode could be used to identify S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera.

DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; chemistry ; genetics ; Fruit ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Software

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the forensic application value of 30 insertion/deletion (InDel) loci included in Investigator DIPplex Kit in Han and She nationalities of Eastern China. METHODS: A total of 565 unrelated individuals in Han nationality and 119 ones in She nationality of Eastern China were investigated using Investigator DIPplex Kit. Allele frequencies, population genetics parameters of the 30 InDel loci were statistically calculated. RESULTS: In Han nationality, the mean Ho was 0.413 3, the mean DP was 0.551 1, the mean PIC was 0.320 0. And in She nationality, the mean Ho was 0.389 6, the mean DP was 0.543 3, the mean PIC was 0.310 0. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in Han and She nationalities (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The 30 loci in Investigator DIPplex Kit show good genetic diversity in Han and She nationalities, and could be used as a supplemental tool for some special paternity cases.
Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Female ; Forensic Genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo observe the curative effects of post-stroke hand dysfunction treated with acupuncture at Zhongzhu (TE 3) and Waiguan (TE 5).

METHODSSixty cases of post-stroke hand dysfunction were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases). Routine medicine, physical therapy, occupational therapy and other rehabilitation trainings were applied in both groups; Zhongzhu (TE 3) and Waiguan (TE 5) were punctured in observation group. Scores of nervous functions deficit by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), hand function, walking ability, activities of daily living (ADL) by Modified Barthel Index Scale were e valuated in both groups before and after treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the scores of hand function, walking ability, ADL and NIHSS were improved in both groups (all P < 0.01), and the hand function, walking ability and ADL in observation group were superior to those in control group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRoutine medicine and rehabilitation trainings combined with acupuncture at Zhongzhu (TE 3) and Waiguan (TE 5) to treat post-stroke hand dysfunction can obviously improve the hand dysfunction after stroke, enhance the abilities of walking and daily living, and increase the curative effect.

Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Female ; Hand ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Walking

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value and deficiency of Milan criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSBetween December 2001 and November 2005, 125 patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation ( OLT), who measured up Milan criteria with preoperation computerized tomography (CT) scanning. The results of pre-transplant multidetector CT scan and post-transplant pathology were retrospectively analyzed, and survival rates were compared.

RESULTSPathology examination demonstrated that 97 cases met Milan criteria (77.6%), 26 cases exceeded Milan criteria,and the other 2 cases were diagnosed as nodular cirrhosis. The 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year survival rates for those met pre-transplant multidetector CT scanning pre-transplant met Milan criteria vs. those met post-transplant pathology post-transplant criteria were 92.0% vs. 92.8%, 87.2% vs. 90.7%, 86.4% vs. 89.7%, 86.4% vs. 89.7%, and 86.4% vs. 89.7%, respectively. There was no statistic significant difference (P > 0.05). The 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year survival rates were 73.0%, 65.4%, 61.5%, 61.5% and 61.5%, for those pathology exceed Milan criteria respectively. The difference between this group and each of the above two were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prognosis of OLT for HCC is good for those met Milan criteria by pre-transplant multidetector CT. Factors leading to poor prognosis such as portal vein tumor thrombi and lymphatic metastasis should be accurately evaluated avoiding for misjudgement.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; mortality ; standards ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of obesity on surgical procedure and short-term surgical outcome in patients with gastric carcinoma.

METHODSA total of 426 patients with gastric carcinoma underwent laparotomy in our hospital during January 2006 and June 2008. All the patients were divided into obesity group and non-obesity group according to body mass index (BMI). The thickness of subcutaneous fat (SCF), abdominal anterior-posterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD) at the umbilicus level were measured by abdominal CT. Furthermore, the surgical data and postoperative conditions including short-term outcome were reviewed and compared between two groups.

RESULTSThe incidence of obesity was 29.8% in gastric carcinoma patients. Mean values of SCF thickness, APD and TD in obesity group and non-obesity group were (21.8+/-7.1) mm vs (14.4+/-7.5) mm, (223.2+/-24.6) mm vs (181.8+/-23.5) mm and (323.6+/-23.8) mm vs (285.8+/-24.4) mm (P=0.000). Longer operative time (P=0.007) and less amount of dissected lymph nodes were found in obesity group as compared to non-obesity group (P=0.000). Also, obesity group lasted a longer postoperative period of fever (P=0.000) and experienced more post-operative complications (P=0.005) than non-obesity group did.

CONCLUSIONSAbdominal CT scan may display the abdominal shape of gastric carcinoma patients, hence, it is useful to evaluate the difficulty of surgical procedure. These patients may involve in complicated surgical procedure and worse short-term outcome due to obese abdominal shape. Therefore, perioperative management should be emphasized for these patients.

Abdomen ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Gastroplasty ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the main risk factors associated with intra-abdominal infection(IAI) following gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients.

METHODSCase-control study was used to investigate the clinical data of 1728 gastric carcinoma cases retrospectively by Logistic regressive analysis.

RESULTSUnivariate Logistic regressive analysis showed 16 factors, including age, malnutrition, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), diabetes mellitus(DM), heart diseases, prothrombin time, lymphocyte count, tumor size, ascites, invasion to the adjacent organ, neoplasm TNM staging (UICC, 1997), methods of gastrectomy, blood loss, operative time, blood transfusion and extent of lymph nodal dissection,were associated with postoperative intra-abdominal infection. Binary Logistic regression analysis found that extent of lymph nodal dissection(N(2)(+) approximately N(3) and N(2)), invasion to the adjacent organ, DM, operative time, age and lymphocyte count were the independent risk factors associated with mortality.

CONCLUSIONNecessary interventions should be carried out to prevent IAI referring to above risk factors.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; microbiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; Young Adult

This study was purposed to investigate the immune reconstitution of T-cells in patients who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hiHSCT). The peripheral blood was harvested from 22 patients before transplantation and at month 1, 3, 6 after hiHSCT. The proportions of T lymphocyte subtypes including CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD45RO(+), and CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) were analyzed by flow cytometry, followed by the calculation of T cell numbers according to the amounts of peripheral blood leukocytes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) value in CD4(+) T cells was measured by ImmuKnow method to evaluate the function of lymphocytes. The results showed that the CD3(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 833.75 ± 359.84/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 318.87 ± 266.71/µl, 1006.76 ± 512.32/µl and 1296.38 ± 958.77/µl respectively. The CD4(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 336.99 ± 211.11/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 45.89 ± 44.21/µl, 142.97 ± 114.85/µl, and 181.78 ± 120.61/µl respectively. The CD8(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 430.21 ± 159.48/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 230.44 ± 195.89/µl, 621.64 ± 318.83/µl, and 823.07 ± 633.55/µl respectively. The CD4(+)CD45RO(+) memory T cell absolute value before transplantation was 227.44 ± 73.34/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 43.47 ± 43.40/µl, 138.69 ± 110.17/µl, 147.73 ± 82.94/µl respectively. The CD8(+)CD45RO(+) memory T cell absolute value before transplantation was 212.70 ± 98.48/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 184.76 ± 168.65/µl, 445.90 ± 252.50/µl, 519.80 ± 475.53/µl respectively. CD4(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) naive T cell number before transplantation was 68.94 ± 59.74/µl, but such cell numbers at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation decreased to 2.44 ± 2.93/µl, 3.14 ± 3.48/µl, 23.22 ± 38.38/µl respectively. The CD8(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) naive T cell absolute value before transplantation was 124.82 ± 60.95/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 decreased to 19.37 ± 17.71/µl, 76.63 ± 50.85/µl, and 114.49 ± 174.29/µl respectively. The ATP value in CD4(+) T cells decreased to 210.19 ± 119.37 ng/ml at month 1 after transplantation and increased to 280.62 ± 110.03 ng/ml at month 3, and 357.28 ± 76.18 ng/ml at month 6 after transplantation. It is concluded that CD8(+) memory T cell reconstruction contributes critically to T cell recovery early after hiHSCT, while the thymic output function remains low. However, T cell function recovers to normal range at month 3 after transplantation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Young Adult