Objective To investigate the effects of bilateral sternocleidomastoideus contraction on neck flexion and extension. Methods The electromyograms (EMG) signals of left sternocleidomastoideus of 24 healthy persons were recorded respectively when neck relaxation and flexion in the supine position, and neck relaxation and extension in the prone position. The biomechanical measurement and analysis were done using anatomical specimens and models. Results The sternocleidomastoideus registered electrical resting potential when neck relaxation in the supine position, and when neck relaxation and extension in the prone position; the motor unit action potential of sternocleidomastoideus raised the type of mixed phase when neck flexion in the supine position. Conclusion The contractions of bilateral sternocleidomastoideus can lead to the head and neck flexion while neck joints are not fixed, and the contractions of bilateral sternocleidomastoideus can lead to the head extension under the state of fixing neck joints below atlanto-occipital.

Objective To adjust the layout of secondary medicine shelves in hospital pharmacy for outpatient services and optimize the varieties of automated equipment to improve working process and promote human-machine cooperation.Methods This article discussed the adjustment of the layout of secondary medicine shelves in hospital pharmacy for outpatient services and the optimization of varieties of automated equipment for storing by analyzing actual problems in automated system and clinical drug uses and the requirements of the automated equipment for drug storage respectively to improve working process and to adapt to the operation of outpatient pharmacy automated system.Results Dispensing efficiency of outpatient pharmacy automated system was improved, patients′ waiting time was significantly shortened, and the workload of pharmacists was decreased.Conclusion Optimization of hospital pharmacy drug delivery system and its operation can obviously improve work efficiency, shorten patients′ waiting time and reduce dispensing error, thus ensuring the safety of medication.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral embolism from pulmonary embolism (PE).Methods The clinical data of 5 cases with PE accompanied by cerebral embolism covering a period from October of 2007 to July of 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Results In this study,the average age of 5 cases (all female) was 46.5 years old.PE was diagnosed through enhanced CT and ECT in lung among all 5 cases.Moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension was confirmed by echocardiogram.Two cases was patent foramen ovale and one was congenital atrial septal defect.Each patient was diagnosed to be new-onset cerebral infarction by MRI.Three cases underwent cerebral arterial thrombolysis.All of them survived and long-term anticoagulant treatment with Warfarin.INR was adjusted between 2.0 and 2.5 by change of Warfarin dose.Among them,one patient had cerebral embolism again just 3 days after the latest cerebral embolism; the other 4 patients did not suffer from cerebral embolism during the follow-up.Conclusions Paradoxical cerebral embolism is common.For clinical patients with PE,especially pulmonary hypertension accompanied by systemic circulation arterial embolism or unexplained systemic cerebral arterial embolism,paradoxical cerebral embolism should be considered.

Hypoxiaisoneofthemostimportantfactorsinfluencingcancertherapyandclinicalprogno-sis.With positron emission tomography (PET)widely adopted in clinical practice,the development and appli-cation of PET hypoxia imaging agents has been much popular in the field currently.PET hypoxia imaging can detect tumor hypoxia region noninvasively,which has important significance for optimizing cancer treatment decisions and improving the prognosis of cancer.

Objective To study the radiosensitizing effect of nano-gold nano-silver particles in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in vitro and the possible mechanisms.Methods MTT assay and clonogenic assay were performed to determine the killing effect of nano-gold and nano-silver particles in HepG2 cells.Flow-cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution.Western blotting was used to measure the expression of Caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2.ELIASA was used to determine the content of catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD),and total glutathione (GSH).Results Nano-gold and nano-silver particles inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells with IC50 of 6.51 μg/ml and 2.47 μg/ml,respectively.Nano-gold and nano-silver particles significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of HepG2 cells.Obtained by Dq,the SER of 1/5 IC50 nano-gold and nano-silver particles were 1.37 and 1.48,and 1/10IC50 with 1.11 and 1.09.Nano-gold and nano-silver particles increased the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax and reduced the exprcssion of Bcl-2.CAT,SOD and total GSH were significantly reduced.Conclusions Nano-gold and nano-silver particles can enhance the radiation sensitivity of HepG2 cells.Specific sensitizing mechanism may be the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the induction of reactive oxygen species in apoptotic pathways,which ultimately induces apoptosis.

Aged ; Epiglottis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Larynx ; microbiology ; pathology ; Male ; Syphilis

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect and relevant mechanism of shuxuening Injection (SI) in treating patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC).

METHODSTotally 91 patients with active UC were randomly assigned to 2 groups, 44 in the control group and 47 in the treatment group. Patients in the control group received routine treatment, while patients in the treatment group additionally received intravenous injection of SI (15 mL), twice daily for 14 days in total. Colonoscopy was performed before and after treatment. The therapeutic effect was assessed by Mayo scoring system and the grading of activities evaluated by Baron endoscope. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. The activity of SOD was detected by xanthine oxidase method. The content of MDA was detected by thiobarbituricacid (TBA). Besides, 20 healthy subjects were recruited as the healthy control group.

RESULTSTotally 82 patients completed the study (40 in the control group and 42 in the treatment group). There was no statistical difference in serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, SOD, MDA, the Mayo score and endoscope grading between the two groups before treatment (P >0. 05). Compared with the healthy control group, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA significantly increased (P <0.01), and the serum SOD level decreased (P < 0. 05) in the treatment grup and the control group before treatment. Compared with before treatment in the same group, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, the Mayo score and endoscope grading all decreased in the treatment group and the control group after treatment (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Compared with the control group after treatment, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, the Mayo score and endoscope grading all decreased (P <0.01, P <0.05), the serum SOD level increased (P <0.05) in the treatment group after treatment. The serum SOD level was obviously negative correlated with serum levels of IL-6, TNF-a, Mayo score, and endoscope score (r = -0. 621, -0.638, -0. 509, -0.787, P <0.01). The serum MDA level was obviously positive correlated with serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, Mayo score, and endoscope score (r =0.711, 0. 882, 0. 525, 0. 639, P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONSI could improve inflammatory injury and clinical symptoms of patients with active UC, and its mechanism might be associated with antioxidant and scavenging oxygen free radicals.

Colitis, Ulcerative ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Ethylene Oxide ; analysis ; Furans ; analysis ; Methylene Chloride ; analysis ; Workplace

BACKGROUND:As one of the main active ingredients in epimedium, icari n plays an important role in bone defect repair. Sustained and effective concentration of icari n in vivo is essential for bone damage repair.
OBJECTIVE:To recommend the research progress of epimedium glycoside for bone repair and to explore the pharmaco-active concentration of icari n.
METHODS:A computer-based online search of CNKI database (http://www.cnki.net/) and PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) from January 2000 to October 2013 was performed for related articles of the effect of icari n for bone defect repair and bone damage repair. The key words were“icari n, concentration, bone”in Chinese and English. After repeated articles were excluded, 76 related articles were screened out and 44 of them met the inclusive criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The icari n-released scaffold materials can induce the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, promote the viability of osteoblasts and inhibit the resorption of osteoclasts, thus repairing bone tissue. It is certain that icari n promotes cellular dif erentiation, however whether it can promote cellular proliferation remains unclear. The pharmaco-active concentration of icari n ranges from10-8 to 10-5 mol/L, but clinical trial has not yet been carried out, and specific drug concentration is uncertain, which needs further exploration.

Objective To evaluate the application of high-resolution ultrasonography in the diagnosis of nerve root lesion of cervical vertebra intervertebral foramen part. Methods Twenty-seven patients with root avulsion injury of brachial plexus intervertebral part and 8 patients with schwannoma of brachial plexus root were examined with high-resolution ultrasonography. Thirty healthy volunteers were involved for the sonographic imagings of normal brachial plexus intervertebral part. The ultrasound findings of the patients before operation were compared with surgical outcomes. Results The normal intervertebral part of brachial plexus were shown as hypoechoic tubular strucuture, which could be identified with cervical artery and transverse process used as landmarks for the intervertebral part of brachial plexus root. The detection ratios of normal intervertebral part for C5-C8 and outside part of braehial plexus were 100％. In 27 patients with root avulsion injury of intervertebral brachial plexus, the intervertebral nerve root were enlarged as hypoechoic area, with nerve dissected partly or disappearing, distal nerve parts outside the intervertebral foramen swelling, edema,or cerebrospinal fluid assembling as cystic masses. In 8 patients with schwannoma of brachial plexus root part, the spinal ganglia outside intervertebral foramen were shown as tumor-like hypoechoic mass, with blood supply shown inside. Conclusions High-resolution ultrasonography is of great value for early and convenient diagnosis of root avulsion injury and mass of brachial plexus intervertebral part, especially in community hospitals,which could provide important information for clinical therapy.