Objective To analyze the changes of gopher density and epidemic situations of animal plague in the natural plague foci of Yinchuan from 2004-2014,to sum up the epidemic regularity of the epidemic situation,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of the plague.Methods Retrospective analysis was used in the study.The plague monitoring data were collected;the number of host animals,density of rat,media index,aetiological and serological test results were analyzed.Results From 2004 to 2014,a total of 15 664 rats in 14 species,4 families and 9 genera were captured.The dominant populations were Meriones unguiculatus and Meriones meridianus.The density of rats was 4 919 km2,the number of rats was 6 196,the density of each rat was 0.21 to 3.85/hm2,and the average density was 1.26/hm2.A total of 15 664 rats were examined,the number of positive rats was 33,and the positive rate was 0.21％ (33/15 664).Among them,gerbils were 29,accounted for 87.88％ (29/33);18 strains of Yersiniapestis were detected in dead rats,which accounted for 54.54％ (18/33).A total of 5 810 groups of 22 070 fleas were cultured,the number of positive fleas was 42,and the positive rate was 0.12％ (7/5 810).Plague fleas were 2 kinds,the same type cheopis subspecies in 6 groups of 37 fleas,Nosopsyllus laeviceps vole subspecies in 1 group of 5 fleas.The positive number of F1 antibody was 3,and the positive rate was 0.12％ (3/ 2 446).Conclusions Yinchuan City,the natural foci of plague epidemic,is in the active state.We should pay attention to the density changes of Meriones unguiculatus and strengthen the monitoring work to pick up the dead rats,and found the epidemic of animal plague as soon as possible,in order to prevent the occurrence of human plague.

Objective To further develop SDE for structured documentation of clinical data based on medical ontology. Methods OpenSDE was customized for the broad domain of medical ontology: medical concepts and its descriptors from history taking and physical examination were modeled into a tree structure. Results An expandable EMR system with structured data entry was developed. Conclusion Structured data entry is significant to clinical decision based on EMR.

Objective To focus on the expressiveness and flexibility of OpenSDE: an application that supports recording of structured narrative data. Methods OpenSDE enabled data entry with (customizable) forms based on trees of medical concepts. The relevant scope for data entry could be tailored per medical domain by construction of a domain-specific tree. OpenSDE was intended for structuring narrative data to make these available for both care and research. Results The OpenSDE application was used at two departments in aspects of radiology, neurology, pediatrics, and child psychiatry. Conclusion OpenSDE is superior to traditional text entry method in aspects of correct and full expression and clinical decision support.

Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1),the most form of the ocular albinism,is an X-linked disorder mainly characterized by a severe reduction of visual acuity,hypopigmentation of the retina,photophobia,strabismus and nystagmus. The OA1 gene is located on chromosome Xp22.32 and the coding sequence is divided into nine exons. The OA1 gene codes for a 404 amino acid protein thought to be a melanosomal transmembrane glycoprotein. The OA1 protein is similar to the G protein-coupled receptors,but it's exact function is not clear. There are many mutations and deletions of the OA1 gene have been found.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of buflomedil hydrochloride injection to intra cerebral hemorrhage in rats. Methods We established the experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model in rats by stereotactic injecting quantitative collagenase into their left caudate nucleuses.The effects of buflomedil hydrochloride injection on hematoma volume,the score of neurological function deficit signs, as well as histopathological changes were observed. Local capillaries were observed by micrangium perfusion.Results 5 days after buflomedil hydrochloride injection might alleviate Wister rats' neurological function deficit signs, 86% rats from Grade Ⅲ to Grade Ⅰ, 14% rats from Grade Ⅲ to Grade 0( P

BACKGROUND: Constipation, especially that caused by spleen insufficiency in transportation, often not responses to common purgatives, however,the therapy to strengthen the spleen and regulate qi so as to promote transportation and dredge stasis may be an ideal way to resolve the problem.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of zhizhu decoction, a classic famous prescription, on gastric motility of mice with spleen insufficiency constipationDESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of Guangdong Medical College and Spleen-stomach Institute of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed from June to December2002 at Spleen-stomach Institute of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Totally 328 NIH mice of general grade were chosen.METHODS: Mouse models with spleen insufficiency constipation were set up by irregular diet and overstrain combined with water deprivation. The influence of zhizhu decoction in large, middle and small doses on defecation in both spleen insufficiency mice and normal mice was investigated, taking Chinese patent drug bianmi tong (bowel-relaxing) as a positive control. In observation of normal mice defecation, there were five groups of large dose,middle dose and small dose of zhizhu decoction, bianmi tong and normal control. In observation of defecation of spleen insufficiency constipation mice, there were six groups: the above five and a natural recovering. In observation of loading mice trial, besides the above five groups, there was an atropine group. After administration, the time when the mice first defecated dark stool, the number of stool grains and the stool quantity were observe;and the percentage of small intestine advance was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Observation of the effect of zhizhu decoction on the defecation in both normal and spleen insufficiency mice.[2] The influence of zhizhu decoction on bowel advance in both normal and atropine loading miceRESULTS: Totally 328 mice were involved in the trial and 319 entered into the final result analysis, the other 9 died because of mistake in administration by gavage. The effect of zhizhu decoction on the defecation: [1] For normal mice, compared with the distilled group, in the zhizhu decoction groups of various doses the time when the mice first defecated dark stool was obviously reduced, and the number of stool grains and stool quantity were obviously increased, but the effect in the large and middle dose groups was best. [2] Compared with the normal group, in the model group the time when the mice first defecated dark stool was obviously increased, and the number of stool grains and stool quantity were obviously decreased. Zhizhu decoction in large and middle doses could obviously reduce the time when the mice first defecated dark stool, and increase the number of stool grains and stool quantity, the effect was better than that of the control drug bianmi tong. The influence ofzhizhu decoction on intestinal advance in mice: [1]Zhizhu decoction in various doses could obviously increase the rate of intestinal advance compared with distilled water group for normal mice. [2]Adding atropine load could reduce the rate of intestinal advance compared with the normal control group, and the percentage in all zhizhu decoction groups was obviously increased compared with the atropine group.CONCLUSION: Zhizhu decoction can reduce the time when the mice first defecated dark stool, increase the number of stool grains and stool quantity were obviously increased to both normal mice and mice with spleen insufficiency mice; it can also increase the intestinal advance rate in normal mice, and had a good antagonism against the inhibition of atropine to intestinal advance. In the trials the effect of zhizhu decoction in large and middle doses was more obvious, with a certain dose-effect relationship, the effect was better than that of the control drug bianmi tong.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on lung injury induced by extremity ischemia-reperfusion.Methods Forty patients,aged 18-60 yr,with body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,with 1 h ≤ predicted duration of surgery ≤ 1.5 h,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).In groupD,dexmedetomidine 1 (g/kg was infused intravenously for 10 min,followed by continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine at 0.5 μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of the surgery,while in group C the equal volume of normal saline was given instead.Immediately before induction of anesthesia (T1,baseline),at 60 min after tourniquet was inflated (T2) and at 30 min,2 h and 6 h after tourniquet release (T3-5),blood samples were collected from the radial artery for blood gas analysis and for measurement of the levels of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-8,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) were recorded.Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2) and respiratory index (RI) were calculated.Results Compared with group C,PaO2 was significantly increased at T5,and A-aDO2 and RI at T5,the levels of plasma IL-6 and IL-8 were decreased at T4,5 and the levels of plasma TNF-α,MDA and SOD were decreased at T3-5 in group D.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can attenuate lung injury induced by extremity ischemia/reperfusion via inhibiting inflammatory responses and lipid peroxidation.

The solvent sublation technique was applied for the separation and enrichment of L-Arg using dodecylbenzene sulfonic (DBSA) as the surfactant, di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) as the extractant and n-heptane as the organic solution. The solvent sublation was compared with the floatation complexation extraction, foam floatation and solvent extraction. The experimental results showed that enrichment ratio of 16.2 and removal rate of 97.2% to L-Arg were obtained by the solvent sublation under the conditions of room temperature, 0.09 g/L L-Arg aqueous solution 250 mL, DBSA concentration 0.15 g/L, the initial pH 7.0, volume of n-heptane 10 mL, volume of P204 4.5 mL, gas flow rate of 200 mL/min. The study of the kinetics indicated that the solvent sublation process could be divided into three stages distinctly. The processes of the first stage and the second stage followed the first order kinetics equation; the process of the third stage followed the zero order kinetics equation. The separation mechanism of solvent sublation was also discussed.

To select appropriate descriptors for response of the patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale for the main symptoms of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with pulmonary heart disease.

OBJECTIVETo observe the differences in timely effectiveness of immediate analgesia on acute migraine between electroacupuncture (EA) at shaoyang meridian points and non-meridian points.

METHODSThe randomized controlled trial method was adopted. One hundred and ten cases of acute migraine were randomized into two groups. 55 cases in each one. In the observation group, EA was applied to Fengchi (GB 20), Waiguan (TE 5), etc. In the control group. EA was applied to non-meridian points. Only one treatment was given, and the nee dies were retained for 30 min in the two groups. Separately. at 10 time points, named before acupuncture, in 5 min, 10 min. 20 min and 30 min (at the moment of needle removal), 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h after acupuncture, the pain intensity numerical rating scale (PI-NRS) was adopted to evaluate the pain severity and the adverse reac tion was recorded.

RESULTS(1) The effective rate of imnmediate analgesia was 87. 3% (48/55) in the observation group. significantly higher than 52.7% (29/55) in the control group (P<0.01). (2) NRS of each group was re duced at each time point, from 5 min to 8 h after acupuncture (all P<0.01). (3) NRS score at 30 min after acu puncture in the control group was obviously lower than that in the observation group (P<0.05), but the scores in 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h after acupuncture in the observation group were lower apparently than those in the control group (all P<0. 01). The differences in the scores in 5 min, 10 min, 20 min and 1 h after acupuncture were not significant (all P>0. 05). (4) For the reducing amplitude of NRS score at the same time point after acupuncture, the results in 20 min, 30 min and 1 h in the control group were higher apparently than those in the observation group (all P<0. 05). But, in 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h, the results in the observation group were higher apparently than those in the control group (all F<0.05). The differences in 5 min and 10 min after acupuncture were not significant (both P>0. 05). (5) In 24 h after acupuncture, the recurrence rate of migraine was 12. 7% (7/55) in the observation group, which was lower obviously than 34. 5% (19/55) in the control group (P<0. 05). The adverse reaction was not found in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONEA at the shaoyang meridian points achieves the definite immediate analgesia effect on acute migraine and presents the time effectiveness of analgesia.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Acute Disease ; therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Migraine Disorders ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult