Objective: To study the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) gene and its correlation with the expression of apoptosis related genes bcl-2 and bax in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (BTCC), and to investigate the role of Cx43 in the BTCC. Methods: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of Cx43 mRNA and immunocytochemistry technique was used to detect the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins in 60 cases of BTCC tissue, and compared with that of 15 cases of pericancerous tissue and 15 cases of normal bladder tissue. Results: The positive rate of Cx43 mRNA expression in 60 cases of BTCC tissues was 43.33% which was significantly lower than that in pericancerous tissues (73.33% ) and normal tissues (100%) (x2 = 17.58, P < 0.01). The expression of Cx43 had significant negative correlation with the pathological degree and lymph node metastasis of BTCC (x2 = 9.33 and 9.74, respectively, P < 0.01). However, no correlation was found between the expression of Cx43 and the sex, age, clinical staging, and the diameter and the growth pattern of BTCC (P >0.05). Expression of Cx43 negatively correlated with bcl-2 protein (r = 0.63, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with bax protein (r = 0.52, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The down-regulated expression of Cx43 gene was closely associated with the development, invasion and metastasis of BTCC. It could be used a prognostic indicator for BTCC. Cx43 gene may have antagonistic effects with bcl-2 gene and synergistic effects with bax gene in the initiation and progression of BTCC.

Objective To study the abnormalities of noninvasive urodynamios in early diabetes eystopathy (DCP) and provide diagnosis evidences in its early stage. Methods According to the disease course (less or more than 1 year), 85 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into new lydiagnosed diabetic group and non-newly diagnosed diabetic group. Thirty healthy cases were involved in normal control group. All of them were checked with the technology of noninvasive urodynamics to measure maximal flow rate, average flow rate, the volume leading to first bladder sensation and residual urine volume. Results As to the 32 newly diagnosed diabetic group, maximal flow rate was (18.4±6.9) ml/s, and average flow rate was (10.6 ± 5.3) ml/s, 18 cases were detected to have bladder residual urine, with the average residual urine volume of (13.2 ± 17.3) ml, and the DCP detection rate was 56.2%(18/32). As to the 53 non-newly diagnosed diabetic group, maximal flow rate was (14.7 ± 6.6) ml/s, and average flow rate was (9.5±4.7) ml/s,38 cases were detected to have bladder residual urine, with the average residual urine volume of (19.3 ± 18.4) ml, and the DCP detection rate was 71.7%(38/53). There was no residual urine detected in normal control group. Their maximal flow rate was (25.7 ± 5.9) ml/s, and average flow rate was (18.0 ± 4.9)ml/s. Compared with that in normal control group, maximal flow rate, average flow rote and residual urine volume decreased in both newly diagnosed diabetic group and non-newly diagnosed diabetic group(P< 0.01). As compared with that in newly diagnosed diabetic group, maximal flow rate in non-newly diagnosed diabetic group decreased obviously (P< 0.05). Conclusions The abnormalities of urodynamics may happen in the early stage of diabetes, and maximal flow rate may be as the most sensitive index. With the new technology of noninvasive urodynamies, we DCP can be diagnosed in early stage and evaluated the function of bladder dynamically.

Objective To forward the concept of solution space of pharmacokinetics for studying radiophannaceutical distributions in animal models. Methods On the basis of special solutions of differential equations of pharmacokinetics, the solution space was established using the characteristics of linearly independent particular solutions and used to express the pharmacokinetics of pharmaceuticals in vivo. 0. 2 ml (7.4 MBq) 2β-carbomethoxy-3β- (4-corophenyl)-8-(2-18F-fluoroethyl) nortropane (18F-FECNT) was injected through tail vein into normal mice. The mice were sacrificed by decapitation at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min post-injection. Brain tissues were removed and weighed, and radioactivity was counted with the γ-counter. The solution space theory was used to study pharmacokinetics of 18F-FECNT in brain tissues of mice. Results The result showed that all solutions of pharmacokinetics models, based on differential equations, were included in the solution space. The solution of any organ or tissue could be linearly expressed by bases of the solution space. When the dimension number of the solution space was no more than 3, the solution could be directly expressed with coordinate picture. By this rule in our theory, the quantity of 18F-FECNT in brain tissues of mice changed with time, which was accorded with the experiment. The coordinates of striatum, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, occipital cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in the solution space were ( 10.13, 1.49), (4.27, 0. 84), (4.48, 0.81 ), (2.89, 0.98), (3.65, 0. 83),(3.55, 0. 98) and (2.03, 1.25 ), respectively. Conclusion The theory of solution space could be used to study pharmacokinetics of 18 F-FECNT in mice brain.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a breakthrough in the field of hepatobiliary surgery.The remnant liver regeneration was stimulated during the first stage of the operation,and the radical resection of the tumor could be successfully carried out during the second stage of the operation.ALPPS is a new approach for patients with tumor which is previously considered unresectable during one hospital stay.In April 2014,a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the right liver and liver cirrhosis was admitted to the Southwest Hospital.Preoperative examination confirmed that the ratio of the remnant liver volume to the standard liver volume was 26.9％,which indicated that the patient was inappropriate to receive radical resection of HCC.Therefore,totally laparoscopic ALPPS was applied.In the first stage of the operation,the portal vein ligation associated with liver hanging tape placement and in situ splitting of liver were carried out after hanging the Glisson's pedicle under the laparoscope.Thirteen days after the first stage of the operation,the ratio of the remnant liver volume to the standard liver volume was 40.6％.The second stage of the operation was carried out 14 days after the first stage of the operation.The right hepatic pedicle and right hepatic vein were transected with a stapler.The tumor was removed after full mobilization of the right liver.The distance between the resection margin to the tumor was 1.5 cm.No complications were detected after the first stage of the operation,while the patient was complicated with pleural effusion after the second stage of the operation and was cured by pleural puncture and drainage.The patient was discharged at postoperative day 9 and followed up at postoperative month 1.The results of follow-up confirmed that the hepatic function was normal,and no mass occupying lesions and pleural effusion were detected.Totally laparoscopic ALPPS is safe and feasible with satisfactory short-term efficacy.

The traditional discipline-centered curriculum design can neither keep up with developments of modern medical science nor reach requirements of the education reform in the new century.Since 2011,College of Stomatology in School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University had developed ‘ disease oriented integrated curriculum system reform’ for students of long-term stomatology education.In view of the problems existing in the original curriculum system,the integrated curriculum system was set up by coalescing clinical medicine curriculum according to the related systems and oral medicine curriculum according to the developmental rules of diseases.Lectures were combined with discussion classes in the reform and performance appraisal system was changed from simplex judgments into comprehensive evaluations.At last,further considerations of promoting the reform based on the practice were proposed.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of mastoparan-1 (MP-1) antagonizing lipopolysaecharide (LPS) in vitro. Methods The affinity of MP-1 for lipid A was assayed by biosensor, and the neutralization of MP-1 on LPS (2 μg/L) was detected by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test. After exposing fluorescin isothiecyanate (FITC) labeled LPS (FITC-LPS) to MP-1 at different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40 μmol/L), the binding of FITC-LPS to murine RAW264.7 cells was analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The influence of MP-1 on TLR4 expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS (100 μg/L) was detected by immunoeytochemieal staining. The expressions of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 at the gene and protein level were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA after exposing LPS (100 μg/ L) stimulated RAW264.7 cells to MP-1 at different concentrations. The effect of MP-1 on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was detected by MTT assay. Results MP-1 had high affinity to lipid A and could neutralize LPS. MP-1 at 10 μmol/L significantly inhibited not only binding of FITC-LPS to RAW264.7 (P < 0.05), but also protein and gene expressions of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). No toxic effect of MP-1 on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was found (P > 0.05). Conclusions MP-1 inhibits cell viability mediated by LPS, which may be related to its neutralization of LPS and inhibition of binding of LPS to RAW264.7 cell membrane receptors.

RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) belong to pattern recognition receptors, which perform significant roles in antiviral responses. RLRs can initiate a cascade of signaling transduction that induces the production of type I interferon and activates the interferon signaling pathway, ultimately resulting in antiviral responses. In the course of evolution, viruses have been constantly counteracting host immune systems to facilitate their own survival and replication, and have developed a set of antagonistic strategies. These mainly comprise elusion, disguise and attack strategies to eliminate the activation of RLRs. In virus-infected cells, RLRs recognize viral RNA and then induce antiviral responses. A better understanding of viral antagonistic strategies against RLRs will provide insights into the development of new antiviral medicines. This mini-review concludes that there are three main antagonistic strategies by which RNA viruses can counteract the activation of the RLRs pathway. It aims to provide references and insights for similar studies on viral antagonism in an array of RNA viruses.
DEAD Box Protein 58 ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases ; genetics ; immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; RNA Viruses ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; genetics ; immunology ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Virus Diseases ; genetics ; immunology ; virology

Objective To explore the practical ways on establishing fine course of oral and maxillofacial surgery effectively. Methods Relying on the advantages of the discipline,great efforts had been made in step-by-step enhancement of the quality of teachers,teaching contents,teaching methods and administration. Results Through the establishing of fine course,we could improve the curriculum system,enhance the force of education team,and improve the quality of education. Conclusion Establishing fine course of oral and maxillofacial surgery depends on the environment of sharing educational resources,adjusting the curriculum system and establishing an excellent educational team.

The multidisciplinary synthetic therapy for the colorectal liver metastases has been a hot spot in clinical research,which includes operative therapy,tumor local therapy,conversion therapy,chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and so on. It is need to choose multiple therapies for the patients and make the whole treatment strategy in accordance with the condition of patients to maximize the survival benefit in clinical prac-tice. So,it is important to comprehend the newest research process of the clinical therapy to make a good choice for the colorectal liver metastases patients.

This study was aimed to identify and distinguish Metacordyceps liangshanensis recorded by the Sichuan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard from its adulterants and its relative species by combining ITS and COI barcode sequences in order to study the feasibility of this new method. After extracting DNA of 28 species of Cordyceps samples, DNA were amplified and sequenced. And then, ITS and COI sequences were received. Codon-Code Aligner V3.7.1 and Mega 5.0 were used to analyze the variable site and construct the N-J tree. The results showed that the minimum ITS inter-specific K-2P distance was relatively higher than the maximum intra-specific K-2P distance. The inter-specific sequence divergence between M. liangshanensis and its adulterants exhibited high while intra-specific sequence divergence exhibited low. And COI one was the same case. N-J tree of both ITS and COI indicated that same genus belonged together and each species belonged to relatively independent branch. It was concluded that based on the ITS and COI gene, the technology of DNA barcode can be an excellent identification of M. liangshanensis, its adulterants and its relative species. It provided technical support for the further research on species molecular identification and phylogenetics of Cordyceps .