Objective To investigate the effect of HIV-1 protease inhibitor saquinavir on insulin signaling and β-cell function in rat INS-1 cells. Methods INS-1 cells were preincubated with 0 or 10 μmol/L saquinavir for 48 h, stimulated with 100 nmol/L insulin for 2 min or 20 mmol/L glucose for 30 min. Insulin signaling parameters were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot on cell lysates. Insulin concentrations in the supernatant were measured by ELISA, and standardized by cellular DNA contents. Cell count with trypan blue stain and MTT test were determined to evaluate the effect of saquinavir on cell viability. Results Treatment with saquinavir for 48 h significantly decreased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1, IRS-2 and Thr~(308)-phosphorylation of Akt in INS-1 cells by 60%, 66% and 55%, decreased the rate of basal insulin secretion and glucose-stimulated insulin release by 39% and 49% compared with control cells, respectively. Conclusions Treatment with saquinavir impairs insulin signal transmission in pancreatic β cells and results in insulin resistance in β cells. This effect might influence the function of β cells.

Evidence based medicine is medicine based on evidence and the application of evidence based medicine to laboratory medicine is evidence based laboratory medicine. The major enforcement strategies of evidence based laboratory medicine include: discovering problems and bringing them forward; seeking valuable evidence from the laboratory or relevant literature; making experimental or methodological assessments; application in the practice of clinical laboratory; and evaluating the results of the practice. Evidence based medicine and evidence based laboratory medicine are of great significance to the advancement of laboratory medicine and clinical work.

Objective To study the drug susceptibility,potential toxin factors,and genotypes of Candida albicans.Methods Forty-six strains of C.albicans were isolated from clinical samples of lower respiratory tract infection.The genomic DNA was amplified by PCR to determine the 25S rDNA genotypes.The drug sensitivity was investigated by disk diffusion and broth dilution respectively.Adhesiveness test and protease activity assay were performed.Results Forty-six strains were divided into A(18),B(6),and C(22) three genotypes.Most trains displayed high sensitivity to natamycin,amphotericin B,nystatin,fluorocytosine,and itraconazole.MIC results showed that there was significant difference against fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine between A and B as well as C genotypes(P0.01).The cell adhesiveness test demonstrated that the strain adhesiveness was proportional to the protease activity(r=0.977,P

0.05),but transiently increased only in desflurane group at 1.5MAC (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of Chinese gentian extracts on the proliferation of,apoptosis and phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in HaCaT cells induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF).Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation of HaCaT cells pretreated with EGF of 20 μg/L for 24 hours followed by 24 hours of treatment with various concentrations of Chinese gentian extracts.Flow cytometry was carried out to detect apoptosis in HaCaT cells pretreated with EGF of 20 μg/L for 24 hours followed by 4 hours of treatment with different concentrations of Chinese gentian extracts.Western blot was conducted to measure the level of phosphorylated EGFR in HaCaT cells treated with different concentrations of Chinese gentian extracts for 24 hours followed by treatment with EGF of 20 μg/L for 10 minutes.Results Chinese gentian extracts inhibited the proliferation (r =-0.991,P ＜ 0.01),but promoted the apoptosis (r =0.996,P ＜ 0.05) of HaCaT cells induced by EGF in a dose-dependent manner.At the same time,the extracts suppressed the phosphorylation of EGFR in HaCaT cells induced by EGF,and the suppressing effect increased with the rise in the concentration of the extracts.Conclusions Chinese gentian may inhibit the proliferation,but promote the apoptosis of keratinocytes by decreasing EGFR phosphorylation and blocking relevant intracellular signaling pathways.

Case-based learning model was applied in teaching the course of Clinical Biochem-istry and Diagnosis for postgraduates with professional degree. Dyslipidaemia was chose as teaching content and one distinctly characterized case along with four typical cases were selected. Information of cases and core problems were submitted to students to prepare before the class. In the class, stu-dents were grouped and discussed independently. Students put forward the pathogenesis of the disease and the clinical laboratory test items for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Teachers should adhere to the following principles: making the class student-centered and highlighting consciousness of stu-dents; creating clinical environment to stimulate enthusiasm for learning; problem-oriented and taking capacity building as the priority. After the class, teaching evaluation was designed to promote the con-tinuous improvement of teaching cases.

Objective To analyze the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) composition in patients with T2DM. Methods All subjects were from Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan university, and they were divided into three groups: normal control ( n = 94 ), T2DM ( n = 101 ) and T2DM with hyperlipidemia ( n = 77 ). Fasting blood samples were taken from the participants, and plasma FFA were separated using a modified Doles method with the bromoacetophenone, pre-column-derivative. The quantitation of FFA was performed on were (355.63 ± 100. 35) μmol/L, (421.21 ± 200. 83 ) μ mol/L, ( 473.04 ± 213.40 ) μmol/L in healthy controls, T2DM group and T2DM with hyperlipidemia group, respectively. The significant differences were observed among the 3 groups(x2 = 13.08, P <0.01 ). However, there was no significant difference of UFA concentrations among the 3 groups [(206.29± 61.94) μ mol/L, (218.11 ± 110.28) μmol/L and ( 240.94 ± 116.79 ) μmol/L, x2 = 2.17, P > 0.05]. Compared to normal control [( 355.63 ± 100.35 )μmol/L], the FFA concentration[(421.21 ±200.83) μmol/L] in T2DM has significantly increased (x2 =FFA concentrations were higher in T2DM with hyperlipidemia [(473.04 ±213.40) μmol/L] (x2 =27.93,P <0.01 ). The RSD values for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 5%, and the minimal detection limits ranged from 0.05 μmol/L to 0.35 μmol/L The recoveries of high, intermediate and low-level materials were 96.4% -104.8%. Conclusions The total FFA concentration in T2DM has increased, most of which are saturated FFA. The unsaturated FFA has not significantly increased. They seem to be related to the development of T2DM, and might be a new biomarker for clinical monitoring of metabolic disorder of T2DM.

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharynx ; pathology ; Pyriform Sinus ; Thyroglossal Cyst ; surgery

Objective To research the relationship between the gene polymorphism of serum amyloid A protein(SAA)1 and coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods By using PCR-RFLP and sequencing,the gene polymorphism of SAA1 of 183 patients with coronary heart disease and 152 healthy controls were analyzed.Result In the both groups 3 alleles(1.1,1.3,1.5)and 6 genotypes(1.1/1.1,1.1/1.5,1.1/1.3,1.3/1.3,1.3/1.5 and 1.5/1.5)were found.The frequency of 1.5 allele in healthy controls group was notably higher than that in CHD group(P

Background The development and progression of myopic eyes is biomechanical and dominated by axial elongation.The biomechanics change of stretching of the fundus and sclera appears to reduce its thickness and elastic modulus,which make eyeballs more susceptible to the distending forces of intraocular pressure (IOP).Objective This study was to analyz the axial length (AL) and IOP changes in different degree of myopia and investigate the roles of IOP in myopia development and AL elongation.Methods A prospective cases-controlled study was performed under the informed consent of patients and custodian.Four hundred and twenty-eight eyes of 428 children aged 4-14 years were enrolled in Affilicated Second Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February to December 2014.The patients were divided into 4 groups based on the refractive status.Ninety-three eyes of 93 patients were in the hyperopic-emmetropia group with the spherical equivalent (SE) of (1.81±2.32) D,192 eyes of 192 patients were in mild myopia group with the SE of (-1.43±0.74)D,83 eyes of 83 patients were in the moderate myopia group with the SE of (-4.09±0.89) D and 60 eyes of 60 patients were in the high myopia group with the SE of (-8.02±2.61) D.AL was measured by IOL Master system,IOP was measured by iCare tomnometer,and the central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by OCT.The corrected IOP was calculated based on IOPcorrection =IOPGAT+(544-CCT)/37.03.The correlations between IOP ion and AL or diopter were analyzed.Results The AL values were (22.44±1.32) mm,(23.89±1.09) mm,(25.05±0.89) mm and (26.47±1.20) mm in the hyperopic-emmetropia group,mild myopia group,moderate myopia group and the high myopia group,showing a significant difference among the four groups (F =177.336,P =0.000).The IOP ion values were (15.24 ±2.73) mmHg,(17.51 ±2.98) mmHg,(17.94 ±2.34) mmHg and (18.49 ± 2.90) mmHg in the hyperopic-emmetropia group,mild myopia group,moderate myopia group and the high myopia group,with a significant difference among the four groups (F =22.104,P =0.000).The IOP tion values were significantly lower in the hyperopic-emmetropia group than that in the mild myopia group,moderate myopia group and high myopia group (all at P＜0.05),and the mean IOP tion value in the high myopia group was significantly higher than that in the mild myopia group (P =0.018).The IOP tion was negatively correlated with diopter (r =-0.384,P＜0.01) and positively correlated with AL (r =0.377,P＜0.01).Conclusions As the increase of myopic diopter and elongation of AL,IOPcorrection is considerably elevated in childhood.IOP tion rising in childhood probably promotes the progression of myopia and elongation of AL.