Chronic cough is a multi-factorial symptom,postnasal drip syndrome (PNDS) and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) are common causes of chronic cough, which is closely associated with the otolaryngologist. The aim of this paper is to highlight the issues in clinical features, diagnosis and management of chronic cough from the otolaryngologist perspective.
Chronic Disease ; Cough ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans

Objective To develop a method detecting hMAM gene expression of breast cancer cell lines in peripheral blood.Methods The hMAM gene was cloned and confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and sequence analysise,the standard substance of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR )was prepared. The breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB453、MCF7 were cultured and the blood sample model was made.The hMAM expression of breast cancer cell lines blood model and 10 cases of breast cancer patient peripheral blood were detected by RT-PCR and FQ-PCR,GAPDH gene expression as contrast.Results The production of PCR was cloned and testified by sequence.The correlation coefficient(r) of standard curve line of FQ-PCR was -1.0. The x?s and CV were 718.9?120.5 and 16.7% respectively.The hMAM expression of one breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB453 in 104 blood cells could be detected, but not detected in the breast cancer cell lines MCF7. The hMAM expression was detected in 3 of 5 patients with sentinel nodes and in 1 of 5 patients with non-sentinel nodes.Conclusions It might be a good method for detecting breast cancer cell micrometastased in peripheral blood. The diffrernce of hMAM gene expression correlates with the type of breast cancer cell lines.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the role of the central lymph node dissection in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma. METHOD: Collect 136 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with papillary thyroid carcinoma in our hospital in 2011-2012,all are conducted with lymph node dissection in the central area as well as resection of primary lesion. Functionl lateral neck lymph node dissection were used for patients with clinical lateral neck lymph node metastasis. RESULT: In 136 patients, 56. 6%(77/136) of the central lymph node metastasis were detected. Positive rate was 47. 5% in 101 cN0 patients and 82. 9% in 35 cN1 patients. CONCLUSION In the case of not increasing risk of surgery, resection of thyroid cancer primary lesion the central lymph node at the same time is a surgical procedure to be recommended.
Carcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neck ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy

Objective To evaluate the effect of case-based learning combined with standardized patients in probation of nuclear radionuclide therapy.Methods 360 interns were randomly assigned separately into CBL+SP group and LBL group (180 people),case based on SP as the center of clinical teaching mode was used for CBL+SP group,while traditional classroom teaching mode was used for LBL group.Theoretical test,case analysis and teaching satisfaction survey were used to evaluate the two teaching mode,using SPSS 20.0 software for statistical analysis of the data.t test was used for two independent samples of both theoretical test and case analysis and chi-square test was used for teaching satisfaction survey.Results The score of theory and case analysis of CBL+SP group was higher than that of LBL group,and the difference had statistical significance [(83.26 ± 4.18) vs.(80.36 ± 3.62),t=-7.041,P=0.000;(85.79 ± 4.15) vs.(81.26 ± 3.96),t=-10.844,P=0.000].Satisfaction survey showed that satisfaction degree of CBL+SP group in stimulating and training the correct clinical thinking,grasping the information skills and cultivating their ability to analyze and solve the problem was higher than that of LBL group,and the difference had statistical significance (x2=40.319,x2=33.620,x2=23.493,x2=23.283;P=0.000).Conclusion Case-based learning combined with standardized patients in probation of nuclear radionuclide therapy can obtain satisfactory teaching effort.

Objective To study the clinical value of anti-ribosomal P0 protein antibodies (anti-P0). Methods Line immuno-assay and immunoblotting methods were used to detect anti-P0 and rRNP antibodies of 49 SEE patients and 61 patients with other rheumatic diseases.The expressions of anti-P0 were compared with those of rRNP antibodies.Possible relations between anti-P0 and clinical features and other antibodies in SLE were explored.Results 36.7%and 6.1% of SEE patients showed positive anti-P0 and rRNP antibodies respectively.Anti-P0 was always negative in patients with other rheumatic diseases (P＜0.01).Among SLE pa tients,incidence of skin rash was 77.8%(35.5%) ff anti-P0 was found to be positive (negative) (P＜0.05). Besides,for patients with positive and negative anti-P0,the chance of positive anti-SmD1 was 61.1% and 19.4% respectively (P＜0.01).Sensitiviy of anti-P0 for SLE diagnosis was 36.73% with specificity and positive predictive value as high as 100%,and 66.30% as the negative predictive value.Conclusion Sera anti-P0 is highly specific for SLE and it is associated with the occurence of rash and the expression of anti-StuD 1 anti bodies in SEE.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis by observing the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the hamster tongue cancer development and analyzing the correlations of lymph vessel density (LVD), lymphatic vessel area (LVA) and malignance or lymphatic metastasis of tongue cancer cells. Methods Forty_two hamster tongue cancer models were induced by painting 1.5% 7,12-dimethylben(a) anthracene (DMBA) acetone solution after scratching, 7 models were sacrificed every two weeks. The pathological changes of tongue cancer were determined by the HE staining. The lymphatic hyperplasia was determined by PCNA and Desmoplakin(DP I +Ⅱ) Immunohistochemical double staining. The tumors and lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation index (proliferation index, PI), lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and lymphatic vessel area (LVA) were measured and statistically analyzed. Results The oncogenesis of tongue was divided into three stages: atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ and early invasive stage;atypical hyperplasia group:PI (91.55), LVA (7570.23), LVD (2.50);carcinoma in situ group: PI (113.36), LVA (12105.45), LVD (3.73);early invasive group: PI (124.67), LVA (14524.33), LVD (5.33). The PI, LVA and LVD were compared among groups above (P<0.05), and the correlation of PI with LVA and LVD was positive (P<0.05);Lymphatic metastasis group:PI (130.50), LVA (15430.67), LVD (6.17), non lymphatic metastasis group:PI (113), LVA (12711.67), LVD (3.67), the PI, LVA and LVD were compared between the two groups above (P<0.05).Conclusion With the development of hamster tongue cancer, lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation activity increased, suggesting that the lymphangiogenesis existed in the tongue carcinogenesis process;the values of the LVD and LVA increased in the hamster tongue cancer development, which was positively correlated with the cancer cell malignance and lymphatic metastasis.

Objective To specify the diagnostic accuracy of low-field MRI on meniscal tears. Methods Meniscal lesions were examined by using 0.2 T MRI and checked arthroscopically in 171 cases. The results were recorded and compared. Results From the calculation of the arthroscopic findings and the results by MRI, we obtained the diagnostic accuracy rate of 95.91% for both the medial and lateral menisci, sensitivity of 95.60% for the medial menisci and 96.47% for the lateral menisci, and specificity of 96.25% for the medial menisci and 95.35% for the lateral menisci. Conclusions The low-field MRI can bring about high diagnostic accuracy for meniscal tears and has a good price-performance ratio.

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effects of baicalein against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats. METHODS:I/R injury model was induced by Langendorff method. Isolated heart of 40 rats were randomly divided into nor-mal group(continuous perfusion),model group(perfusion withdrawal 20 min)and baicalein high,medium and low concentration groups (K-H solution of baicalein 40,10 and 2.5 μmol/ml 10 min before perfusion withdrawal). The myocardial infarction rate, the activity of creatine kinase(CK)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in coronary effluent liquid,SOD activity and MDA content, GSH/GSSG and apoptosis rate of cardiac muscle cell in myocardial tissue were detected. RESULTS:Compared with normal group, the myocardial infarction rate,apoptosis rate of cardiac muscle cell,the activities of CK and LDH and the content of MDA in myo-cardial tissue were increased in model group,while SOD activity and GSH/GSSG of myocardial tissue decreased(P<0.01). Com-pared with model group,the isolated myocardial infarction rate and the activities of CK and LDH in baicalein low and medium con-centration groups decreased,while SOD activity increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);apoptosis rate of cardiac muscle cell and the con-tent MDA of myocardial tissue decreased significantly in medium concentration group,while GSH/GSSG increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);those indicators had no significant change in high concentration group(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Baicalein has cer-tain improvement effect on myocardial I/R injury in rats,and its mechanism may be associated with antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effect of baicalein.

Objective To compare the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT ) and periapical radiography in the diagnosis of simulated external apical root resorption (EARR) .Methods The study sample comprised 160 single-rooted premolars for simulating 4 degrees of EARR :no(intact teeth) ,mild(cavity of 1 .0 mm in diameter and depth in root surface) ,moderate(1 .0 mm root shortening) ,and severe(3 .0 mm root shortening) .Two sets of radiographic images were acquired with CBCT and periapi-cal radiography .The severity for all resorption lesions were evaluated blindly by one calibrated examiner .The percentages of correct classification of each degree of EARR were compared between the two imaging techniques using McNemar test .Results With CBCT method ,the percentages of correct classification of no ,mild ,moderate ,severe and all EARR were 95 .0% ,97 .5% ,42 .5% , 87 .5% and 80 .6% ,respectively ;with periapical radiography method ,the percentages were 85 .0% ,42 .5% ,70 .0% ,92 .5% and 72 .5% ,respectively .Significant differences were found between the two imaging techniques for evaluating mild ,moderate ,and all-EARR(P<0 .05) .Conclusion CBCT imaging is more reliable than periapical radiography for detecting EARR ,whereas it is not sensitive to moderate root shortening .In orthodontic practices ,CBCT could be applied to the early diagnosis of EARR ,in order to help make the decision on continuation and modification of orthodontic treatment .

micmRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in biological processes via regulating gene expression in the level of posttranscription.Increasing number of studies reveal that miR-375 is downregulated in digestive system tumors, and is related to tumorigenesis.Overexpression of miR-375 can inhibit growth and metastasis of tumors through repressing the expression of target genes.