In this paper, the theoretical and experimental researches concerning the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by Chinese medicine (CM) therapy of activating blood circulation and removing stasis in recent five years were reviewed, and the mechanisms were summarized. Thereby, based upon the current development of molecular biology and application of new technology, the authors offered their suggestions on the emphasized points and methods of present CM study in this scope.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Phytotherapy

Fourteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract by silica gel, MCI, and ODS column chromatography. These compounds were respectively identified as quercetin (1), kaempferol (2), (+)-catechin (3), fraxin (4), protocatechuic acid (5), gallic acid (6), methyl gallate (7), ethyl gallate (8), apocynol A (9), baccatin (10), cerevisterol (11), ellagic acid (12), 3, 3',4'-tri-0-methylellagic acid(13) and N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninyl-N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninate(14) by analyzing their spectral data and comparing with the previously reported literatures. Except for gallic acid (6), all other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2 and 6 showed moderate anti-proliferation activities on tumor cells.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Euphorbiaceae ; chemistry ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of relieving fever with sweet and warm drugs (Ganwen Chure Therapy) for noninfectious fever caused by vital-energy deficiency based on Meta-analysis. Methods Literature about RCTs of Ganwen Chure Therapy for noninfectious fever caused by vital-energy deficiency in CNKI, Wanfang Database, CBM, VIP, Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Embase was retrieved by computers from establishment of database to April 2017. After two researchers independently conducted literature screening, cross-checking, data extraction, and literature quality evaluation, cumulative Meta-analysis was performed on the outcome indicators in order of publication time and sample size, and the trend of the results was tested. Then the quality of the literature based on GRADE was under an overall evaluation. Results Totally 27 articles were included in this study, involving 2599 patients. The results of cumulative Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rates of using Ganwen Chure Therapy only [OR=3.875, 95％CI (2.87, 5.24), Z=8.82, P=0.000 1]and Ganwen Chure Therapy combined with routine therapy [OR=5.791, 95％CI (3.55, 9.45), Z=7.03, P=0.000 1]were better than the routine therapy, with statistical significance. Trend test showed that there was variability in the timing of drug combination study, showing that the cumulative Meta-analysis results were not stable. Conclusion Ganwen Chure Therapy has certain efficacy for noninfectious fever caused by vital-energy deficiency. However, the overall quality of the included studies was low, with relatively high homogeneity. There are biases in publication, yet more high-quality clinical research is needed for further verification.

Sixteen compounds have been isolated from the EtOAc fraction of 95% ethanolic extract of Sophora dunnii through silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-prerarative HPLC column chromatographies. Their structures were identified on the basis of NMR and MS spectra data as phaseollidin (1), L-maackiain (2), 2-(2',4'-dihidroxyphenyl)-5,6-methylenedioxy benzofuran (3), 8-demethyl-farrerol (4), liquiritigenin (5), genistein (6), 6-methylgenistein (7), 5-O-methyl genistein (8), 7,2',4'-trihydroxys-5-methoxy-isoflavanone (9), 7, 3', 4'-trihydroxy-isoflavanone (10), erythribyssin D (11), calycosin (12), trans-resveratrol (13), cis-resveratrol (14), stigmasterol (15), β-sitosterol (16). Among these, compounds 1-14 and 16 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Chemical Fractionation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Sophora ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To evaluate the lymphoscintigraphic imaging characteristics for the patients with lower limb lymphedema and to establish a novel grading system for the injury to lower limb lymphatic system. Methods One hundred and sixty six consecutive patients (332 lower limbs) with lower limb lymphedema after surgical and(or) radiotherapy treatment for gynecological cancer were recruited into this retrospective study. The lymphoscintigraphy studies were performed after subcutaneous injection of 111～185 MBq (0. 1～0. 15 ml) of 99Tcm-DX into the webbed space between the first and second toes of both feet. Based on the integrity of lymphatic vessel and the extension of dermal diffusion on lymphoscintigram,the lymphatic injury to the lower limb was graded as 0, 1,2 and 3 respectively. The lymphedema of the limb was staged as 0, Ⅰ , Ⅱ a, Ⅱ b, Ⅲ by the standard of Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology (ISL). Chi square test was carried out to validate the established grading system for the assessment of the injury to the lower limb lymphatic system. Results The lymphoscintigraphic imaging characteristics included lymphatic blockage, dermal backflow, no visualization of lymphatic or lymph node, lymphocele and lymph fistula in the lower limb, pelvis and abdomen. There were 65 (19.6%), 71 (21.4%),131 (39.5%), 62 (18.7%) and 3 (0.9%) limbs staged as 0, Ⅰ , Ⅱa, Ⅱb, and Ⅲ for lymphedema while 36(10.8%), 79(23.8%), 116(34.9%) and 101 (30.4%) limbs graded as 0, 1, 2, and 3 for lymphatic injury. There was a statistically significant correlation between the grading methods (χ2 =313.483, P <0.001). The patients who underwent radiotherapy had a higher incidence rate of grade 2 and 3 (70.5%, 158/224) than those who underwent surgery (53.6%, 59/108) (χ2 = 9.662, P = 0.022).The patients with erysipelas had a higher incidence rate of grade 3(73.1%, 38/52) than those without erysipelas (43.9%, 50/114) (χ2= 12.238, P<0.001). The incidence rate of grade 3 increased with the duration of lymphedema after treatment: 36.6% (34/93) for less than 1.5 years, 72.3% (34/47) for between 1.5 to 5 years, and 76.9% (20/26) for more than 5 years (χ2 = 23.123, P<0.001). The grade of lymphatic injury showed no significant difference among 3 types of gynecological cancers (χ2 = 4.000, P =0.676), or between the patients with and without chemotherapy (χ2 =0.411, P=0.938). Conclusions Lymphoscintigraphy is a reliable modality to diagnose lower limb lymphedema after treatment for gynecological cancer. The injury grading system could provide objective assessment of the lymphatic damage.

Objective To establish a Real-time Taqman probe technique system to detect the mtDNA 1555A > G mutation in deaf population. Methods Primers and Taqman probes for mtDNA 1555A > G mutation were designed and synthesized. The technique system for detecting mtDNA 1555A > G mutation using Real-time Taqman probes was established. Then the reliability of the technique was tested in 132 patients with severe to profound hearing loss who were detected for the mtDNA 1555A > G mutation by sequencing, Kit method and Real-time Taqman probe technique at the same time. Finally, the results by the above three ways were compared. Results Thirty-two cases with mtDNA 1555A > G mutation were found by the technique of Real-time Taqman probe. These findings coincided with the results from sequencing and Kit method completely. Both the false positive rate and the false negative rate were zero. Conclusions The technique possesses the merits of accuracy, conveniency, high sensitivity, high specificity and intuitionistic results, etc. Importantly, the Real-time Taqman probe technique only needs 1.5 hours to detect the 1555A > G mutation and it saves 4. 5 hours for one reaction compared with the Kit method popularly used nowadays. The technique system of detecting mtDNA 1555A > G mutation is reliable. It's suitable for large-scale detecting and preventive diagnosis of mtDNA 1555A > G mutation.

BACKGROUNDNon-valvular atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke; however, the appropriate intensity of anticoagulation therapy for Chinese patients has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and the efficacy of standard-intensity warfarin therapy, low-intensity warfarin therapy, and aspirin therapy for the prevention of ischemic events in Chinese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

METHODSA total of 786 patients from 75 Chinese hospitals were enrolled in this study and randomized into three therapy groups: standard-intensity warfarin (international normalized ratio (INR) 2.1 to 2.5) group, low-intensity warfarin (INR 1.6 to 2.0) group and aspirin (200 mg per day) group. All patients were evaluated by physicians at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months after randomization to obtain a patient questionnaire, physical examination and related laboratory tests.

RESULTSThe annual event rates of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) or systemic thromboembolism were 2.6%, 3.1% and 6.9% in the standard-intensity warfarin, low-intensity warfarin and aspirin groups, respectively (P = 0.027). Thromboembolic event rates in both warfarin groups were significantly lower than that in the aspirin group (P = 0.018, P = 0.044), and there was no significant difference between the two warfarin groups. Severe hemorrhagic events occurred in 15 patients, 7 (2.6%) in the standard-intensity warfarin group, 7 (2.4%) in the low-intensity warfarin group and 1 (0.4%) in the aspirin group. The severe hemorrhagic event rates in the warfarin groups were higher than that in the aspirin group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.101). The mild hemorrhagic and total hemorrhagic event rates in the warfarin groups (whether in the standard-intensity warfarin group or low-intensity warfarin group) were much higher than that in the aspirin group with the annual event rates of total hemorrhages of 10.2%, 7.6% and 2.2%, respectively, in the 3 groups (P = 0.001). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in all cause mortality among the three study groups.

CONCLUSIONIn Chinese patients with NVAF, the warfarin therapy (INR 1.6 - 2.5) for the prevention of thromboembolic events was superior to aspirin.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anticoagulants ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Aspirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Warfarin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the protecting mechanism of Yixintong for heart ischemia-reperfusion injury at cellular and subcellular levels, by observing the effects of Yixintong on three kinds of calcium channels.

METHODThe effects of Yixintong on Ca2+ influx on leak calcium channel, receptor-operationg calcium channel (ROC) and pulse-dependent calcium channel (PDC) were observed respectively, by using rat aortic smooth muscle cell and radioactive 45Ca technique.

RESULTYixintong has no effects on leak calcium channel, but can inhibit the Ca2+ influx in ROC and PDC significantly.

CONCLUSIONYixintong can inhibit the Ca2+ influx in slow channel in a dose-dependent manner.

Animals ; Aorta ; cytology ; Calcium Channels ; drug effects ; Crataegus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

AIMTo assess the effect of gender on genetic polymorphism of cytochrome CYP2C19 in Chinese population.

METHODSThe genetic polymorphism of 140 healthy Chinese were analysed by PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism).

RESULTSOf 52 genotyped male subjects, 23 (44.23%) were homozygous for wildtype (wt/wt), 6 (11.54%) were homozygous for CYP2C19 m1 (m1/m1), and 23 (44.23%) were heterozygous for CYP2C19 m1 or CYP2C19 m2 (wt/m1 or wt/m2); and among the 88 genotyped female subjects, 31 (35.23%) were homozygous for wildtype (wt/wt), 13 (14.82%) were homozygous for CYP2C19 m1 (m1/m1), and 44 (50.0%) were heterozygous for CYP2C19 m1 or CYP2C19 m2 (wt/m1 or wt/m2); no homozygous genotype for CYP2C19 m2 (m2/m2) was found in the study.

CONCLUSIONThere is no statistical difference in ocurance of wt/wt and m1/m1 between in male and in female, so gender have no significant effect on genetic polymorphism of cytochrome CYP2C19.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mixed Function Oxygenases ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficiency and safety of transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with gemcitabine and carboplatin for the treatment of stage III hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSSixty-one HCC patients were treated by TACE. During TACE, At first, intra-arterial infusion of carboplatin 300 mg/m2, then gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 with 5-30 ml of ultra-lipoidal iodide oil emulsion was used for arterial embolization. The toxicity and hepatic damage were observed according to WHO anticancer drug toxicity criteria and Child-Pugh classification criteria, respectively. The survival time was also observed during follow-up.

RESULTSThe blood toxicity was bone marrow suppression presented as grade I leucopenia in 39.3%, grade II in 29.5%, grade III-IV in 18.0%. Grade II-III nausea and vomiting developed in 96.8% of the patients. Hepatic function damage became aggravated in 16 patients from A to B class, in 2 from A to C class, and in 6 from B to C class according to Child-Pugh classification criteria. The median survival time was 20 months with a range of 5 to 3 5 months.

CONCLUSIONTranshepatic arterial chemoembolization using carboplatin and mixture of gemcitabine with ultra-lipoidal iodide oil emulsion is safe and effective in the management of stage III hepatocellular carcinoma. This regimen can also improve their quality of life.

Adult ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Carboplatin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; Neoplasm Staging ; Quality of Life ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult