Objective To assess whether lysyl oxidase like-2 (LOXL2) has a predictive or prognostic value in pulmonary fibrosis mice,and identify the relationship between LOXL2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice (n=50) were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=40) and controls (n=10).Each mouse in the experimental group was induced by injecting bleomycin into trachea and mice were sacrificed on day 3,7,14 and 28,respectively.The concentrations of LOXL2,TGF-β 1 of the serum and lung homogenates were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.One-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and nonparametric rank sum test was used for the comparisons between the two groups.Associations between these factors were analyzed by Spearman's test.Results ① The levels of serum and lung homogenates LOXL2 in the experimental group were obviously increased as compared to those in the controls [serum:(56±48) vs (25±23),P＜0.05;lung homogenates:(61±32) vs (22±16),P＜0.05].And in the experimental group,a positive correlation was found between the level of LOXL2 and the radiological index,the pathological score of inflammation and fibrosis.(Serum:r=0.435,0.533,0.335,P＜0.05;lung homogenates:0.675,0.736,0.526,P＜0.05).② The levels of lung homogenates TGF-β 1 in the experimental group were obviously increased as compared to those in the controls [(302±197) vs (64±16),P＜0.05].A positive correlation was found between the level of lung homogenates LOXL2 and the level of lung homogenates TGF-β1 (r=0.520,P＜0.05).Conclusion LOXL2 participates in the pathological process of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.It predicts pulmonary fibrosis in the preclinical stage and is associated with increased risk for disease progression.The elevated levels of LOXL2 and TGF-β 1 may have some relationship.They both are involved in the disease progression of pulmonary fibrosis.

This paper observed the influence of water-soluble Chitosan on the growth of bacteria cultured in vitro with solid medium. The results showed that Escherichia coli、staphylo- coccus aureus、Bacillus subtillus、Sarcina and Actinomyces5406 could be inhibited to different degrees by Chitosan with certain concertrations. The corresponding MIC Were 0. 5%、0. 3%、 0. 5%、0. 3% and 0. 5%. The results also showed that Chitosan had stable antibacterial action after being treated with heat and it could keep instant flavouring kelp fresh and antiseptic.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of one-stage cannulated screw fixation in treatment of tibial avulsion fracture at the insertion of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) under posterior direction version and in treatment of tibial avulsion fracture at the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)under arthroscopy.Methods From January 2010 to June 2015,25 patients with tibial avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament combined with the anterior cruciate ligament in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Firstly,arthroscopic exploration was conducted in all patients in their horizontal position,aiming to observe whether combined injures existed or not and to confirm fracture fragments and the degree of tibial avulsion fractures of the cruciate ligaments.All patients recieved arthroscopic fragment fixation by using cannulated screws,then,were treated with a minimally posteromedial incision in the prone position by cannulated screw fixation.All knee joints were protected by adjustable orthopedic brace for 4-6 weeks.The clinical knee joint function of patients were measured by using International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring scale and Lysholm scoring scale.The X-ray or CT image were used to evaluate healing process of the fractures.Results All patients were followed up for 6-24 months,the median follow-up time was 15 months.All fractures healed in one stage,time of fracture healing ranged from 9 to 24 weeks,and the median time was 12 weeks.The average IKDC scores at the finial follow-up were as follows:claudication (4.88±0.29)points,support (4.65±0.36)points,pain (4.78±0.49)points,swelling (4.88±0.52)points,squat (4.85±0.35)points,all were higher than those before operation,there were statistically significant differences when compared with those assessed before operation (P<0.05).The average Lysholm score at the finial follow-up was (93.4±2.8)points,the rate of excellent and fine was 96.0%,no statistically significant difference was found compared with that at the healthy side (P>0.05).Conclusion The one-stage cannulated screw fixation in treatment of tibial avulsion fracture at the insertion of PCL under posterior direction version and in treatment of tibial avulsion fractures at the ACL under arthroscopy is easy and convenient to operate,which has the advantages of reliable fixation and satisfactory recent curative efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of three types of anesthesia methods in elderly patients with coronary heart disease undergoing unilateral lower extremity surgery.Methods Totally 65 patients with coronary heart disease of cardiac function Ⅰ-Ⅱ (NYHA),scheduled for undergoing unilateral lower limb surgery were randomly divided into three groups:local nerve block anesthesia of lumbar plexus plus the sciatic nerve (21 cases),general anesthesia (19 cases),epidural anesthesia (25 cases).Systolic blood pressure (SBP),heart rate (HR),pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) at 0 min,10 min,20 min,30 min,40 min after surgery at the end of the surgery were observed and recorded.The change of troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) at 3 day after surgery was observed.Visual analoguc scales (VAS) scores.movement reaction,the infortnation of muscle relax and corresponding management were recorded in order to detect anesthesia efficacy.Results The excellent and satisfactory rate of anesthesia efficacy of three groups were 17 cases (81.0％) and 4 cases (19.0％),17 eases (89.5％) and 2 cases (10.5％),22 cases (88.0％) and 3 cases (12.0％) (all P＞0.05).In epiduralgroup compared with other groups,SBP were decreased (both P＜0.05).cTnI in nerve stimulator group was decreased (all P＜0.05) at 1 and 3 day after surgery compared with general anesthesia group,and at 3 day after surgery,cTnI level in nerve stimulator group was lower than other two groups(all P＜0.05).Conclusions The nerve stimulator guided nerve block is the most safe method among general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia in elderly patients with coronary heart disease scheduled for lower extremity surgery.

Finite element method (FEM) is an effective mathematical method for stress analysis, and has been gradually applied in the study of biomechanics of human body structures. This paper reviews the construction, development, materials assignment and verification of FEM model of cervical vertebra, and it also states the research results of injury mechanism of whiplash injury and biomechanical response analysis of the cervical vertebra using FEM by researchers at home and abroad.
Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae/physiopathology* ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc/physiopathology* ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Soft Tissue Injuries/physiopathology* ; Stress, Mechanical ; Whiplash Injuries/physiopathology*

Drug Stability ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate ; administration & dosage

BACKGROUND:It has a variety of treatments for equinovarus in spastic cerebral palsy, including physical therapy, orthotic therapy, systemic anti-spasticity drug therapy, local intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A and a variety of surgical operations. These treatments aim at different severity of deformities and different age in children patients, and each has its own merits. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Achiles tendon “Z”-type extension, tibialis anterior and posterior transfer combined with tendon transposition to treat equinovarus in spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS: Twenty-two children with spastic cerebral palsy combined with equinovarus were colected from 2012 to 2014, and then these children were subject to Achiles tendon “Z”-type extension, tibialis anterior and posterior transfer combined with tendon transposition. Postoperative plaster external fixation was done for 6 weeks, and then rehabilitation training was given. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 22 patients were folowed for an average of 1-2 years, and then were evaluated according to the degree of patient’s satisfaction and the degree of foot deformity. Satisfactory results were obtained from al the patients. Achiles tendon “Z”-type extension, tibialis anterior and posterior transfer combined with tendon transposition to treat spastic cerebral palsy combined with equinovarus is a good method, and it is characterized as good appearance of the ankle and favorable foot function.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Typodont-based table clinic competition (TCC) on undergraduate orthodontic education. Methods Students who have finished basic orthodon-tic courses made diagnosis,treatment strategy and performed orthodontic treatment for malocclusion cases on Typodonts. A self-design questionnaire was employed to investigate their perception to this pedagogy. Results The majority of participants(82.2%-92.9%) highly evaluated Typodont-based TCC. Conclu-sions Typodont-based TCC course is conducive to arousing students' study internets and to promoting association between theory and practice.

Objective Previous studies of peripheral nerves activation during magnetic stimulation have focused almost exclusively on the cause of high external parallel electric field along the nerves, whereas the effect of the transverse component has been ignored. In the present paper, the classical cable function is modified to represent the excitation of peripheral nerves stimulated by a transverse electric field during magnetic stimulation. Methods Responses of the Ranvier nodes to a transverse-field are thoroughly investigated by mathematic simulation. Results The simulation demonstrates that the excitation results from the net inward current driven by an external field. Based on a two-stage process, a novel model is introduced to describe peripheral nerves stimulated by a transverse-field. Based on the new model, the classical cable function is modified. Conclusion Using this modified cable equation, the excitation threshold of peripheral nerves in a transverse field during MS is obtained. The modified cable equation can be used to represent the response of peripheral nerves by an arbitrary electric field.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effects of internal fixation with Herbert screws for the treatment of Pipkin type I and type II femoral head fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to December 2012, 23 patients with Pipkin type I and type II femoral head fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation by Herbert screws through Kocher-Langenbeck approach. Twenty-three patients (aged 18 to 52 years with a mean of 35.5 years, including 18 males and 5 females patients, 8 left hips and 15 right hips) with femoral head fractures and posterior hip dislocation. The fracture was classified according to Pipkin classification based on the radiographic findings, 5 patients had type I and 18 had type II fractures. The duration time from admission to the operation ranged from 6 to 72 h (averaged 32 h). The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the patients were measured using Thompson-Epstein scoring scale. The Harris hip score(HHS) was used to evaluate and compare hip functions at the latest follow-up between affected and healthy sides.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 20 to 48 months (averaged 30 months). According to Thompson-Epstein system, 12 patients got an excellent result, 6 good, 4 fair and 1 poor. The average HHS at the finial follow-up was 87.80 ± 8.46 (ranged from 66 to 95), which is similar to that in the healthy side 90.10 ± 6.35 (ranged from 72 to 98) (t = 1.044, P = 0.302). The complications such as deep infection, and deep vein thrombosis were not found. At the 3rd year during follow-up,4 patients had avascular necrosis of femoral head. At the 1st year of follow-up, 1 patient had hip pain after walking,screws loosening and shift after trauma,and serious complications of traumatic arthritis. All the 5 patients were treated with total hip arthroplasties.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment of internal fixation with Herbert screws through the Kocher-Langenbeck approach is effective for Pipkin type I and type II femoral head fracture. The method is reliable and valuable for recommendation. However, such fracture may have avascular necrosis of femoral head and complication of traumatic arthritis, which should be observed carefully in clinic with preparation of the prevention and treatment measures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged