Objective Comparing the variability of four genes of HCMV in the population and the therapy process of single patient.Methods Using PCR to amplify the four genes and restriction enzyme to validate four fragments, These four genes are UL55,UL57,UL86 and UL122 whose coding products are glycoprotein B,single chain binding protein,main capsid protein and IE pp86 separately. Then we use AD169 to optimize the conditions of PCR and restriction enzyme. then we use these conditions to detect 200 blood specimens. Results The PCR positive rate of UL55 is 12.5% and restriction positive rate is 10.0%, which has marked difference with other 3 gene segments(P

BACKGROUND: In recent years, percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) has been developed gradually in China. But there have been fewer further studies on the indications and contraindications for the use of the therapy.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the therapeutic effect after the choice of the indications for PLDD.DESIGN: A case-paired observational analysis with the patients as the subjects.SETTING: The Department of Radiology and Department of Soft Injuries of the 474 Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: We recruited inpatients of the 474 Hospital of Chinese PLA after PLDD between August 1998 and December 2004 as subjects for this research. Totally 68 cases were involved. According to the same gender, the closeness in age, the cases were matched and divided into 2 groups (eg. If there were 2 or more than 2 cases with the same age, the case whose disease course is the closest one was chosen): poor indication group (n=34) and good indication group (n=34).METHODS: A pillow was put under the belly of the patient who lay face down on the angiographic bed with the side with serious symptoms near the outside of the bed (the side where doctor operated). Symbols were marked on the body surface under the fluoroscopy. The waist was subjected to conventional sterilization and was paved with a piece of sterile cloth. 5 Ml of lydocaine was used for anesthesia. 8-12 cm to the posterior central midline of the diseased side, an incision was made to insert the needle according to the fat and thinness of the patients, and attention to the angle adjustment was needed to enter the intervertebral disc through "the secure triangle"beneath the nerve root so that 5 mm of the exposed front segment covered the needle end completely. Cautery was made with 15 W laser for every 1s after an interval of 4 s. The total output power of laser was adjusted according to the area of intervertebral disc, which was usually 1 200-1 700joules. The gas produced should be drawn out during the cautery, and this was done at least for 3 times. If the patient felt the distending pain, drawing out gas should be performed at any time. The puncturing needle and fiberoptics were pulled out after the operation, and band-aid was applied to the local area. The patients lay at the supine position to let the doctor examine the remission and functional recovery. When the patients were discharged, modified Macnab standard was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Evaluation criteria: According to the modified Macnab standard, the therapeutic effect can be classified into the following types: excellent means disappearance of pain, no limitation in motor function, with complete recovery of normal working and movement; good means that the patients showed occasional pain, but were able to do light job; passable means that the patients showed partial improvement, but still felt pain, and were not able to work and move; poor means that the patients showed signs of nerve compression that further operation was needed. The therapeutic effect of being excellent and good was combined as good therapeutic effect,and that of being passable and poor was combined as poor therapeutic effect. X2test was performed to the paired numerative data by the author.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① General evaluation of the therapeutic effect of the poor indication group and good indication group according to modified Macnab standard when the patients were discharged from the hospital; ② Comparison of the curative effect between the group with intervertebral disc herniation ≥ 0.6 cm and the group with intervertebral disc herniation ＜ 0.6 cm; ③ Comparison of the therapeutic effect of the group complicated with spinal canal stenosis and the group with normal spinal canal; ④ Comparison of the therapeutic effect between the group with good indications and other groups with poor indications.RESULTS: All the 68 patients entered the result analysis. ①The therapeutic effect in the good indication group was obviously better than that in the poor indication group, with a significant difference [85%(29/34),56%(19/34) ,χ2=5.06,P ＜ 0.05]. ② The therapeutic effect was significantly better in the group with intervertevbral disc herniation ＜ 0.6 cm than in the group with intervertevbral discs herniation ≥ 0.6 cm, but without significant difference [75 % (6/8), 50% (4/8),χ2=0.25, P ＞ 0.05]. ③The therapeutic effects were close in the group complicated with spinal canal stenosis and the group with normal spinal canal, but without significant difference [80% ( 12/15 ), 73 ( 11/15 ) ,χ2=0,P ＞ 0.05].④ The therapeutic effect in the group with good indications was obviously better than that in other groups with poor indications, with a significant difference [100%( 11/11 ), 36%(4/11), χ2=5.14,P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: It could improve the therapeutic effects of PLDD when indications were properly chosen.

The aim of this study was to figure out the predictors of early postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) after urological surgery. We designed a prospective observational study in our hospital. Consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia or epidural anaesthesia necessitating urinary catheterization were included during a 3-month period. severity of bladder discomfort was assessed on a 4-point scale: (1) no pain, (2) mild pain (revealed only by interviewing the patient), (3) moderate (a spontaneous complaint by the patient of a burning sensation in the urethra and/or an urge to urinate and/or sensation of urethral foreign body without any emotional agitation) and (4) severe discomfort (agitation, loud complaints and attempt to remove the bladder catheter associated with a burning sensation in the urethra). Predictors of CRBD were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. Totally, 116 patients were included, of which 84.5% had CRBD (mild CRBD: 40.5%; moderate or severe CRBD: 44.0%) at day 1, while 31.9% developed CRBD (mild CRBD: 29.3%; moderate or severe CRBD: 2.6%) at day 3. We evaluated 9 potential forecast factors of CRBD, and univariate Chi-square test showed male gender [OR=2.4, 95%CI (1.1-5.6), P<0.05], abdominal open surgery compared with transurethral surgery [OR=0.3, 95%CI (0.1-0.6), P<0.05], abdominal surgery compared with laparoscopic surgery [OR=3.3, 95%CI (1.2-8.9), P<0.05] and history of catheterization [OR=0.5, 95%CI (0.2-0.9), P<0.05] were independent predictors of moderate or severe CRBD in the patients after surgery. While multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the abdominal open surgery [EXP(B)=3.074, 95%CI (1.3-7.4), P<0.05] and the history of catheterization [EXP(B)=2.458, 95%CI (1.1-5.9), P<0.05] might contribute more to the occurrence of moderate or severe CRBD. In conclusion, this observational study identified that the type of surgery and the history of catheterization might be predictive factors of moderate and severe CRBD after urological surgery.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Jian Pi Bu Shen prescription on inflammatory factors and iron metabolism in the brain of T2DM model mice.Methods A total number of 30 healthy 12-week-old male mice were used in the present study.The groups were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental groups:(1) control group:n=5,the mice were maintained on a normal diet for 4 weeks;(2) model group:n=25,the mice were maintained a high fat diet for 4 weeks.Then,the mice were deprived of food for 12 hours before a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,30 mg/kg).Then,the blood glucose levels were measured randomly 3 times within 24 hours after injection.The mice whose blood glucose was less than 16.7 mmol/l would receive another single intraperitoneal injection of STZ.Finally,we got a total number of 19 mice meeting the criteria of animal model we described above.The final 19 mice were randomized to 2 groups:diabetes group (n=10)and Jian Pi Bu Shen (JPBS) group(n=9).JPBS group received gavage administration of JPBS Prescription 7.4 g/kg/d(8weeks).Diabetes group and control group were maintained treated with saline for 8 weeks.Mice were decapitated 24 hours after the last drug treatment.The mice brain tissue slices were prepared for pathological observation.To examine the effects of JPBS prescription on neuroinflammation and iron metabolism in cerebrum and hippocampi,the relative mRNA levels of IL-6,IL-1β,DMT1,FPN1 and CP were tested by RT-PCR.Results mRNA levels of IL-6,IL-1β and DMT1 in the brains of diabetes group were higher while the levels of FPN1 and CP were lower than that of the control group (P＜0.01).Compared with diabetes group,in JPBS group,mRNA levels of IL-6,IL-1β and DMTl in cerebrum and hippocampi were decreased while the levels of FPN1 and CP were increased (P＜0.01).The brain tissue slices of diabetes group showed neuron loss and signs of neurodegeneration.But JPBS group attenuated neurodegenerative change.Conclusion JPBS prescription can protect neuron from apoptosis,suppress neuroinflammation and attenuate iron metabolism,which may be one of the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in treating cognitive dysfunction.

With the progess in studying gene structure and function of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), FMDV can express exogenous genes in different sites. Through transforming and modifying FMDV can achieve different application purposes such as improving virus titer, introducing tag, improving immune responses, and reducing pathogenicity. From the perspective of FMDV receiving inserted exogenous gene, this paper mainly describes the latest relevant developments of FMDV's expression to exogenous gene.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Mutagenesis, Insertional

Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), a temperature-responsive polymer, can be potentially applied to replace enzymes or cell scrapers to recover attached cells. Taking full advantage of this unique function of PNIPAAm, cells can be protected from enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical treatment, thereby to provide ideal seed cells with high quality for biomedical fields. In this review we describe the method to facilitate cell effective adhesion and rapid detachment on thermoresponsive two dimensional surfaces, including selecting special substrate, introducing hydrophilic group, adjusting reactant ratio, controlling polymer thickness/density, providing appropriate external force, so as to effectively improve adherent cell adaptability to thermoresponsive surfaces, depress the risk of bacterial contamination and reduce the effect of low-temperature treatment on the cells. The three dimensional cell culture systems involved in temperature-sensitive microcarriers, scaffolds and gels were briefly discussed. The application based on the platforms for cell culture was also presented.
Acrylic Resins ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Temperature

Objective To investigate the effects of oxidative stress and lipoic acid(antioxidant)on bone metabolism and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 24 Wistar rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into three groups. Osteoporosis rats model was established by bilateral ovaries deleted. Rat in lipoic acid group was injected with lipoic acid(60 mg/kg)for 8 weeks. The bone mineral density(BMD),steo?calcin,ALP,Ca,P,MDA,SOD and GSH?Px were detected. The levels of OPG and RANKL in serum were measured by Western blotting. OPG and RANKL mRNA were detected by real?time PCR. Results The level of BMD level in blood,SOD,GSH?Px,OPG mRNA and protein level in femur of osteoporosis group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). On the other hand,steocalcin,ALP,MDA,RANKL mRNA and protein level were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). The level of BMD level in blood,SOD,GSH?Px,OPG mRNA and protein level of lipoic acid group were significantly higher than the osteoporosis group(P<0.05). The steocalcin,ALP,MDA,RANKL mRNA and protein level were significantly lower than the osteoporosis group(P<0.05). Conclusion Oxidative stress may increase osteoporosis through the upregulation of OPG/RANKL pathway in rats ,and antioxidant lipoic acid can alleviate the progress of osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous laser disc decompression(PLDD) is a new technology developed to treat lumbar herniated disk inrecent years; however,only limited literature has been reported about cohort study on its indications.OBJECTIVE: To treat patients with lumbar disc herniations by PLDD and evaluate the effects of PLDD in releasing painandimproving lumbar function after operation.DESIGN: Non-randomized concurrent controlled trial based on thepatients.SETTING: Department of Radiology of the 474 Hospital of Chinese PLA.PTICIPANTS: This study recruited totally 173 patients ( 101 males and 72 females aged from 18 to 75 years) who received PLDD in the Department of Radiology of the 474 Hospital of Chinese PLA from July 1998 to August 2002 and were followed up for over one year.METHODS:The 173 patients were divided into good indication group (Group A, n = 139) and poor indication group(Group B, n =34). Group B was further divided into extrusion group(Group B1 of 8 patients),lumbar canal stenosis group(Group B2 of 15 patients) and other conditions group (Group B3 of 11 patients). VAS scoring criteria and modified Macnab criteria were used to evaluate the curative effects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary results: the degree of pain and lumbar function. Secondary results:the success rate of puncture as well as adverse events and side effects.RESULTS: The success rate of puncture was 96. 3％ for performing through L5 - S1 and 100％ through L3-4 and L4-5. In Group A, excellent postoperative effects were seen in 63 cases, good in 51 cases, fair in 20 cases and poor in 5 cases, with 82.0％ excellent and good rates. The excellent and good rate in Group B was 55.9％. Postoperative back pain could be relieved several days later. Other complications such as disc infection,psoas hematoma,rupture of colon,injuries of nerve roots and bloodvessels did not occur. There was a significant difference between Group A and Group B(x2=10.38, P ＜0.05).CONCLUSION: (① PLDD is a convenient, safe and reliable procedure in treating lumbar disc herniation because of its high success rate, satisfactory results and fewer complications.② Proper selection of indications helps improve the curative effects of lumbar disc herniation.

Objective　To discuss the development and the invasive transfer mechanism.Methods　Cell culture method, p53 protenin immunohistochemistry, PCR-SSCP examination, zymography, PCM and heterogenic inouclation test inside the nude mice were adopted. Results　p53 genetic mutation existed in human melanoma cells. The fluorescent positive rate of 67KD LN-R on the surface of the melanoma cell and the average flurescent intensity are repectively WM451＞WM983A＞WM1341B＞WM35.Early WM35 did not produce MMPs; WM1341B only produced 72KDa(MMP-2),not 92KDa(MMP-9);Both WM983A at progressive stage and distal transfering tumor WM45 produced 72KDa and 92KDa. WM983A and WM451 were also seen to form evident transfering tumor inside the naked mice.Conclusion　p53 genetic mutation, the production of MMPs and the high indication of 67KD LN-R on the celluar surface are the key factors for the human melanoma cell to obtain invasive transferring abililty.

Objective To investigate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the scratching behavior evoked by substance P (SP) in mice. Methods Forty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups to receive intradermal injection of different doses of SP (0, 20, 40, 80, 160 nmol/site) into the rostral part of the back to establish the acute itch model. Another 40 mice were randomly allocated to model, spantide, L-arginine,L-NAME and aminognanidine groups injected intracutaneously with normal saline (NS), spantide, L-arginine,L-NAME and aminoguanidine, respectively, 10 minutes before SP (80 nmol/site) injection. Subsequently,the scratching behavior was observed, iNOS expression and NO level in the injected skin were detected by immunohistochemical staining and nitrate reductase assay, respectively. Results The scratching bouts per hour induced by intradermal NS and SP of 20, 40, 80 and 160 nmol/site were 4.38±4.07, 5.38±3.78,12.75±6.52, 23.50±7.84 and 42.38±15.84, respectively, and only SP at higher doses (40 - 160 nmol/site)elicited a dose-dependent scratching response in mice (P < 0.01 or 0.05) compared with NS. The scratches over 1 hour in SP, L-arginine, spantide, L-NAME and aminognanidine group were 67.13±32.79, 70.75±34.80, 10.75±8.14, 29.00±21.19 and 35.38±22.83, respectively; of them, pretreatment with spantide,L-NAME and aminognanidine significantly inhibited SP-induced scratching (P < 0.01 or 0.05), but L-arginine showed no inhibitory effect (P > 0.05). Compared with SP, the pretreatment with spantide, L-NAME and aminoguanidine significantly downregulated the iNOS expression and NO content (P < 0.01 or 0.05) in the injected skin other than L-arginine (P > 0.05 ). Conclusion Intradermal SP could increase NO synthesis by neurokinin 1 receptor activation, resulting in the scratching behavior in BALB/c mice.