The advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology offers unprecedented opportunities in nanomedicine, such as increas-ing therapeutic efficiency and decreasing undesired side effects in cancer treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive pho-totherapy-based method that is applied in the treatment of cancer and other diseases and has important clinical value. PDT can be com-bined with other therapies to realize the synergistic treatment. The emergence of up-conversion nanomaterials provides a fundamental method to solve the problem of photodynamic therapy of deep tumors. Moreover, the versatile preparation and surface modification methods facilitate the fine-tuning of the emission spectrum of up-conversion nanomaterials and the improvement of the photosensitiz-er's loading capacity. This study reviews the development in design and application of up-conversion nanomaterials for PDT of cancer.

BACKGROUND: Pathophysiological mechanism of local microenvironment is complex after central nerve injury; especially,both inflammatory reaction at an acute phase and formation of secondary glial scar have tremendous effects on effective regeneration of axon, regeneration and arrangement of local nerve cells, proliferation and migration of local stem cells;therefore, it becomes a basic reason for blocking nerve repair in an early period. Thus, how to effectively resist inflammatory factors in injured region at an acute phase and how to optimize microenvironment of neural regeneration are the most important strategies for repairing spinal cord injury in recent years.OBJECTIVE: To design, establish and screen the best expression of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) α to inhibit shRNA adenovirus expression vector by using spinal cord injury models.DESIGN: Duplicative measurement study.SETTING: Department of Spine Surgery, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen.MATERIALS: A total of 40 healthy Wistar rats, either gender, 8-10 weeks old, were selected in this study. Rabbit-anti-rat glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody Ⅰ was provided by Santa Cruz Compan; siRNA eukaryon expression plasmid pGenesil (cohtaining green fluorescent expression system) was provided by Wuhan Jingsai Bioengineering Company.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in ImmuneOpening Laboratory, Basic Medical Faulty, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Medica Laboratory Center, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen in November 2006. Three pairs of shRNA template which composed of 19 bp reverse repeated motif of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) α target sequence with 9 bp spacer were designed and synthesized, then the recombinant adenovirus expression vectors with green fluorescence protein were constructed in vitro respectively. The acute spinal cord injury models were completed, and the adenovirus recombinants were regionally injected post 12 hours after spinal cord injury;in addition, the inhibitory effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on expression of IL-6R in local region after spinal cord injury were detected by using real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot so as to screen adenovirus expression vector which had the best inhibitory effect on expression of IL-6R.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Inhibitory effect of RNAi on expressions of IL-6R RNA and protein in local region after spinal cord injury.RESULTS: Sequence analysis showed that IL-6R-shRNA recombinant adenovirus expression vector was successfully constructed, and optimal IL-6R-shRNA recombinant adenovirus expression vector was screened by using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. The IL-6R expressions were 49% and 56% at the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively.CONCLUSION: The IL-6R--shRNA recombinant adenovirus expression vector is successfully constructed and screened.The gene expression of IL-6R can be highly inhibited after acute spinal cord injury.

Objective To study the curative effect and safety of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with balloon ky-phoplasty. Methods The clinical data of 80 patients in our hospital during July 2008 to July 2012 with senile osteoporotic vertebral compres-sion fractures were analysed retrospectively. And the clinical effect was evaluated by observing the charges of visual analog scale (VAS), height of vertebral bodies and Cobb’ s angle, the quality of life score in patients respectively before and after operation. Results The pain of the patients were controlled effectively after operation, and the patients had significant and sustained improvement in anterior and midline ver-tebral body height after operation, with (56. 02 ± 12. 08) % and (58. 19 ± 13. 11) % before preoperation respectively, and (72. 10 ± 16. 19) % and (78. 33 ± 19. 02) % after surgery respectively. VAS score reduced from (8. 31 ± 1. 22) to (1. 65 ± 0. 33) after surgery;Cobb’s angle reduced from (24. 12 ± 3. 28)° to (13. 56 ± 2. 05)° after operation. The differences of the frontal height and flange height, VAS scores, and Cobb’s angle before and after operation were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The incidence of complications reduced from 23. 75% to 1. 25% after operation, which indicates significant difference (P<0. 01). According to QLQC-30 quality of life score, the postoperative life of patients were much better than that of the preoperative life, and the difference of all statistical index were of statistical significance (P<0. 05). Conclusion Balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures has signifi-cant effect and high safety, it should be popularized and applied in clinical.

[Objective]To investigate the role of microRNA-145/Smad interacting protein 1(SIP 1)in VEGF-C-enhanced cervical cancer metastasis.[Methods]Cervical cancer cell line SiHa cells were cultured and treated with VEGF-C to observe its effect on the expression of miR-145 and SIP1. After transfection with specific SIP1 siRNA,the invasion number of cultured cells were calculated by transwell chamber assay.[Results]Treatment with VEGF-C(100 ng/mL)for 12 h,24 h and 48 h all reduced miR-145 expression,with the expression abundance of(82.4±6.4)% (P<0.05),(72.5±7.2)%(P<0.01),and(60.6±9.6)%(P<0.001),respectively,when compared to control.Meanwhile, the same treatment with VEGF-C also increased SIP1 protein expression,with the expression abundance of(142.4 ± 16.5)%(P<0.05),(183.6 ± 11.4)%(P<0.01)and(220.8 ± 15.7)%(P<0.001),respectively. The transfection of miR-145 mimic significantly impaired VEGF-C effect on SIP1 expression. Finally,VEGF-C promoted SiHa cell invasion,which was largely inhibited by the tranfection of SIP siRNA with the inhibitory rate of(56.6±10.3)%(P<0.01).[Conclusion]VEGF-C downregulates miR-145,thus increases SIP1 expression and promotes cervical cancer cell invasion,which may contributes to cervical cancer malignant progression.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate whether the human PC-3 cell infected with recombinant Ad-PTEN and Ad-p27Kip1 can steadily produce PTEN and p27Kip1 protein and change the biologic behaviors such as cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. The synergistic effect of PTEN and p27Kip1 on the therapy for prostate cancer has also been investigated.

METHODSWe constructed recombinant adenovirus vector of human tumor suppressor gene PTEN and p27Kip1. The viral titer was examined by plaque assay and the mRNA and protein expressions of PTEN and p27Kip1 in human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 infected with Ad-PTEN and Ad-p27Kip1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. MTT assay was used to determine the effect of PTEN and p27Kip1 on growth and proliferation of PC-3 cell; the change of cell cycle and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry, and to compare between the combined therapy group and single gene therapy group.

RESULTSThe viral titers of Ad-PTEN and Ad-p27Kip1 were 1.8 x 10(7) pfu/ml and 1.2 x 10(9) pfu/ml respectively. After infected by adenovirus, it had been verified that the mRNA and protein expression of PTEN and p27Kip1 were steady in human PC-3 cell. Ad-PTEN and Ad-p27 Kip1 inhibited the growth and proliferation of PC-3 cells. The progression of cell cycle of PC-3 cell was arrested in G(0)-G(1) phase, meanwhile the apoptosis rate of PC-3 was also affected after Ad-PTEN or/and Ad-p27 Kip1 infected. There was significant difference between combined therapy group and single gene therapy group.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant Ad-PTEN and Ad-p27Kip1 vector were constructed successfully and the expression of specific PTEN and p27Kip1 was high, steadily in PC-3 cell line. These results suggested that combination of PTEN with p27Kip1 has an application value in treatment of prostate cancer in future.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Male ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Transfection

Objective To investigate the clinical value of MRI in the diagnosis of oblique vaginal septum syndrome(OVSS),and to improve the diagnostic level for this disease.Methods Clinical and imaging data of 8 patients (7 adolescent females and 1 female in fertility period)with vaginal septum syndrome were analyzed retrospectively.All participants were evaluated by ultrasound examination before MRI scanning,and 1 of them underwent enhanced MRI scan.Results Among the 8 patients with OVSS,the main findings of MRI includes uterine deformity (4 double uterus,3 mediastinal uterus,1 double angle uterus with uterine septum),oblique vaginal septum (7 right oblique septum and 1 left oblique septum).All subjects presented with ipsilateral renal agenesis,and 4 patients with endometriosis,1 patient with ureteral distortion and ectopic opening and 1 patient with double inferior vena cava.6 patients suffered with hemorrhage in the posterior chamber of oblique septum and 2 patients with empyema.Hemorrhage in the contralateral vagina were observed in 3 cases,while no significant abnormality was found in other 5 cases.Conclusion MRI scan has an important clinical value on the diagnosis of OVSS and can provide crucial information for the optimal individual treatment.

Objective To study the enteral nutritional (EN) approach to decrease the risk of developing hypo-albuminemia in elderly patients with severe pneumonia. Methods Sixty elderly patients with severe pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hangzhou Geriatric Hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were enrolled, and they were given EN support with different protein contents but the same non-protein calories (125.52 kJ·kg-1·d-1). Thirty patients given standard EN formula [supplied as nutrition fibre, thermal nitrogen ratio (HRN) = 130:1] were assigned as the standard EN group, another 30 patients fed with high-protein EN formula (supplied as fresubin 750 MCT, HRN = 100:1) were arranged as the high-protein EN group, and the clinical efficacy in the two groups was evaluated after treatment for 14 days. The serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), pre albumin (PA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) of both groups were compared at admission and after treatment. Results The levels of TP, Alb, PA, TC, HDL, LDL in two groups on 7 and 14 days after treatment were lower than those on admission, but the degrees of reduction in high-protein EN group were not as significant as those in standard EN group; the levels of blood glucose (Glu) in the standared EN group after treatment were lower than those on admission, Glu in high-protein EN group were higher than those on admission;after treatment for 14 days, the levels of TP (g/L: 62.1±7.6 vs. 60.1±5.2), Alb (g/L: 33.0±4.8 vs. 32.0±4.2), PA (mg/L: 226.79±79.22 vs. 202.79±71.78), TC (mmol/L: 4.88±1.09 vs. 4.09±0.80), HDL (mmol/L: 1.07±0.2 vs. 0.92±0.20), LDL (mmol/L: 3.16±0.76 vs. 2.50±0.56), Glu (mmol/L: 7.68±2.44 vs. 6.72±1.75) in high-protein EN group were significantly higher than those in standard EN group; after treatment, TG showed a trend of firstly decreasing and then increasing, while TG in high-protein EN group manifested continuously increasing, after 7 days of treatment, TG in the high-protein EN group was significantly higher than that in the standard EN group (mmol/L: 3.56±1.43 vs. 2.78±0.81, P < 0.05). Within 14 days after disease onset, the incidence of hypoalbuminemia in high-protein EN group was significantly lower than that in standard EN group in patients with acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHE Ⅱ) score > 19 score [66.67% (10/15) vs. 100.00% (13/13), P < 0.05]; there was no statistical significant difference in the incidence of hypoalbuminemia between the two groups in patients with APACHE Ⅱ score < 19 score [54.54% (6/11) vs. 44.44% (4/9), P > 0.05]. Compared with standard EN group, the 3-month mortality in high-protein EN group showed a trend of decreasing [14 days: 13.3% (4/30) vs. 26.7% (8/30), 28 days: 20.0% (6/30) vs. 30.0% (9/30), 60 days: 30.0% (9/30) vs. 33.3% (10/30), 90 days: 36.7% (11/30) vs. 40.0% (12/30)], but there was no statistical significant difference between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Application of high-protein EN in elderly patients with severe pneumonia can improve protein metabolism, and reduce the incidence of hypoalbuminemia.

The effects of over-expression of testis-specific expressed gene 1 (TSEG-1) on the viability and apoptosis of cultured spermatogonial GC-1spg cells were investigated, and the immortal spermatogonial cell line GC-1spg (CRL-2053™) was obtained as the cell model in order to explore the function of TSEG-1. We transfected the eukaryotic vector of TSEG-1, named as pEGFP-TSEG-1 into cultured spermatogonial GC-1spg cells. Over-expression of TSEG-1 inhibited the proliferation of GC-1spg cells, and arrested cell cycle slightly at G0/G1 phase. Transfection of TSEG-1 attenuated the transcript levels of Ki-67, PCNA and cyclin D1. In addition, over-expression of TSEG-1 induced early and late apoptosis, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of GC-1spg cells. Moreover, transfection of TSEG-1 significantly enhanced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and transcript levels of caspase 9, and decreased the expression of Fas and caspase 8 in GC-1spg cells. These results indicated over-expression of TSEG-1 suppresses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of GC-1spg cells, which establishes a basis for further study on the function of TSEG-1.

Objective Although principal components analysis profiles greatly facilitate the visualization and interpretation of the multivariate data,the quantitative concepts in both scores plot and loading plot are rather obscure.This article introduced three profiles that assisted the better understanding of metabolomic data.Methods The discriminatory profile,heat map,and statistic profile were developed to visualize the multivariate data obtained from high-throughput GC-TOF-MS analysis.Results The discriminatory profile and heat map obviously showed the discriminatory metabolites between the two groups,while the statistic profile showed the potential markers of statistic significance.Conclusion The three types of profiles greatly facilitate our understanding of the metabolomic data and the identification of the potential markers.

BACKGROUNDAs a treatment of depression, the efficacy of conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is limited, and symptoms recurrence is easy to occur after the treatment. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of sleep electroencephalogram modulated repetitive rTMS (SEM-rTMS) in the treatment of depression.

METHODSAfter 7 days without psychoactive medication, 164 patients with clinically defined depression were randomly divided into 3 groups: SEM-rTMS group (n = 57), conventional rTMS (C-rTMS, n = 55) group and sham-rTMS group (n = 52). Every patient was treated with the corresponding method for 30 minutes everyday for 10 days. Before and after scores on the 24-item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD-24) and the clinical outcome on the 10th day of therapy for all subjects were analyzed.

RESULTSTwenty-two cases in the SEM-rTMS group obtained improved mood as compared to 6 in the C-rTMS group and 2 in the sham-rTMS group (χ(2) = 15.89, P = 0.0004). After completion of the rTMS phase of the protocol, a (51 ± 5)% reduction of HAMD-24 scores from the baseline in the SEM-rTMS group was found compared with a (34 ± 4)% in the C-rTMS group (q = 26.09, P = 0.001) and a (14 ± 3)% in sham-rTMS group (q = 57.53, P = 0.000). The 88% total effective rate in the SEM-rTMS group was significantly higher than 68% in the C-rTMS group and 20% in the sham-rTMS group (χ(2) = 12.01, P = 0.0025). No significant side effects were noted.

CONCLUSIONSEM-rTMS is an effective and safe way for treating depression with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (ChiCTR-TRC-00000438).

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Depressive Disorder ; psychology ; therapy ; Electroencephalography ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep ; physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; adverse effects