Cancer is the leading cause of death in China． In recent years，Chinese government has advocated tremendous efforts in advancing research on cancer prevention and control，and has made great advancement． In this review，we briefly summarized the current research progress on cancer epidemiology in China，including the aspects of cancer burden，cancer－related risk factors and its intervention，screening and early detection，implementation plan of cancer prevention and control ( 2019－2022) ，in order to provide technical support and theoretical evidence in implementing effective cancer prevention and control in China in the future．

The quality evaluation method for standard decoction of Chinese herbal slices is the basis for the quality evaluation of granules and preparations of classical formula(decoction)of traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to establish a method for the determination of quercetin-3-O-glucuronic acid in Nelumbinis Folium(NF)and its standard decoction, so as to provide reference for the quality control of NF and its standard decoction. Fifteen batches of representative NF were collected to prepare standard decoction, and the parameters of dry extract rate, transfer rate of index component, and pH value were calculated. HPLC was used to establish the content determination method for quercetin-3-O-glucuronic acid in NF and its standard decoction. The concentration range of quercetin-3-O-glucuronic acid in the standard decoction of NF was 1.09-3.06 g·L~(-1), while the concentration range of nuciferine was 0.01-0.17 g·L~(-1). The average extraction rate of NF standard decoction was(14.4±2.6)%, the average transfer rate of quercetin-3-O-glucuronic acid was(70.7±18.6)%, and the average transfer rate of nuciferine was(9.6±5.4)%. Compared with Nuciferine, quercetin-3-O-glucuronic acid had a high content and stable transfer rate in standard decoction, and was recommended to be the quality control marker for NF and its standard decoction. This paper establishes a quality evaluation method for NF standard decoction, and can provide reference for the quality control of all preparations derived from NF and its decoction.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nelumbo/chemistry* ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the regulation trend of Jinxin Oral Liquid (JXOL) on the expression of negative regulatory factor of TLR3 signaling pathway SOCS1 in the lung tissue of RSV infected BALB/c mice at different time points.

METHODSTotally 75 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the ribavirin group, the high dose JXOL group, and the equivalent dose JXOL group, 15 in each group. Each group had 3 intervention ways (I, II, and III) with 5 mice treated in each group. BALB/c mice were nasally infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and treated by different intervention ways. After intervention, mice were killed and their lung tissues were sampled, mRNA expression levels of RSV-M, SOCS1, and IFN-β were detected by Real time PCR. The expression of SOCSl at the protein level was detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the mRNA expression level of SOCS1 and IFN-β, and the protein expression level of SOCS1 increased significantly in the model group intervened by intervention I and II (all P < 0.01), but the mRNA expression level of IFN-β decreased significantly in model group intervened by intervention III (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression level of RSV-M all significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of SOCS1 significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and III and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of IFN-β significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and II and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I (all P < 0.01), while it significantly increased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III (all P < 0.01). The protein expression level of SOCS1 significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01), while it significantly increased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III (all P < 0.01). Compared with the high dose JXOL group, the mRNA expression level of RSV-M decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and II (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of SOCS1 and IFN-β decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I (P < 0.01), but the mRNA expression level of IFN-β increased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention II and III (all P < 0.01). The protein expression level of SOCS1 decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSJXOL could inhibit the expression of SOCS1 in the lung tissue of RSV infected BALB/c mice at different time points. Its regulatory effect might be associated with promoting the expression of interferon type I and further fighting against RSV.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Lung ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; RNA, Messenger ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Ribavirin ; Signal Transduction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 3 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEBased on the registered female breast cancer data from 1998 to 2007, to analyze the incidence of female breast cancer during the period and then to predict its trend from 2008 to 2015.

METHODSThe incidence data of breast cancer from 1998 to 2007 were sorted from National Cancer Registry Database, including 74 936 cases from urban areas and 8230 cases from rural areas, separately covering 164 830 893 and 55 395 229 person years. The crude incidence rates in urban and rural areas were calculated, and the age-standardized rate (ASR) was adjusted by World Segi's population composition. JoinPoint software was applied to analyze the 10 years' incidence trend and calculated the annual percentage of changing (APC), while Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model was used to fit the data and predict the incidence of breast cancer between 2008 and 2015.

RESULTSFrom 1998 to 2007, the incidence of breast cancer in the urban cancer registration areas was 45.46/100 000 (74 936/164 830 893), whose ASR was 31.28/100 000. While in rural registration areas, the incidence and ASR was 14.86/100 000 (8230/55 395 229) and 12.13/100 000. The breast cancer incidence in urban and rural areas separately rose from 36.17/100 000 (3920/10 838 355) and 10.39/100 000 (436/4 197 806) in 1998 to 51.24/100 000 (11 302/22 057 787) and 19.61/100 000 (1475/7 522 690) in 2007. During the 10 years, the breast cancer incidence increased both in urban and rural areas, but the increase rate in rural incidence (6.3%) was more significant than it in urban areas (3.9%). Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model predicted that the breast cancer incidence would increase to 53.87/100 000 (185 585 new cases) in urban areas and 40.14/100 000 (132 432 new cases) in rural areas, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe breast cancer incidence has been increasing annually both in urban and rural areas in China; and an annually increase number of new cases have been predicted.

Breast Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Registries ; Rural Population ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVEBased on the data from National Cancer Registry between 1998 and 2007, to analyze the colorectal cancer incidence trend in China, and further to predict its incidence between 2008 and 2015.

METHODSWe picked up the incidence data of 111 281 cases of colorectal cancer in total from National Central Cancer Registry Database between 1998 and 2007, covering 446 734 668 person-year. The annual incidence rate of colorectal cancer both by area and gender were calculated; while the age standardized rate (ASR) was standardized by world's population age structure. The incidence trend was analyzed and the annual percentage change (APC) was calculated by JoinPoint software. Age-Period-Cohort Bayesian Model was applied to fit the colorectal cancer incidence trend in China between 1998 and 2007; and further to predict its incidence between 2008 and 2015.

RESULTSFrom 1998 to 2007, the colorectal cancer registered incidence was 24.91/100 000 (111 281/446 734 668), with the ASR at 17.67/100 000. The incidence in male population was 26.50/100 000 (60 015/226 508 545), with ASR at 19.90/100 000; and the incidence in female was 23.28/100 000 (51 266/220 226 123), with ASR at 15.73/100 000. In urban area, the male incidence rose from 23.29/100 000 (2617/11 237 967) in 1998 to 37.84/100 000 (8534/22 551 353) in 2007; while the female incidence increased from 21.75/100 000 (2357/10 838 355) to 31.34/100 000 (6913/22 057 787). And in rural areas, the male and female incidences rose from 10.36/100 000 (448/4 323 628) and 8.86/100 000 (372/4 197 806) in 1998 to 16.80/100 000 (1290/7 677 484) and 13.00/100 000 (978/7 522 690) in 2007 respectively. In this decade, the colorectal cancer incidence has increased both in urban and rural areas. In urban area, the male APC value was 5.5% and the female APC value was 4.0%; while in rural area, the male and female APC values were 6.0% and 4.3% respectively. After adjusted by age structure, the uptrend became gently; with the urban male and urban female APC values separately increased by 3.7%, 2.5% and 2.3%. The rural male APC value rocketed up by 8.4% after its inflection point in 2004. The Bayesian model predicted that the male and female colorectal cancer incidences would separately reach 33.92/100 000 (125 thousand cases) and 27.13/100 000 (93 thousand cases) in urban areas; and 13.61/100 000 (48 thousand cases) and 13.68/100 000 (45 thousand cases) in rural areas by year 2015.

CONCLUSIONThe colorectal cancer incidence in China has been increasing annually; and it will continue to rise in the next years.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bayes Theorem ; China ; epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Registries ; Rural Population ; Urban Population