Health Education ; Humans ; Occupational Health Services ; Rural Population

Objective To compare the efficacy of different antibiotics strategy,introperitoneal (IP) cefazolin plus third-generation cephalosporin versus IP Vancomycin plus thirdgeneration cephalosporin on peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis.Methods All episodes of PD -associated peritonitis happened in prevalent PD patients between January 2008 and December 2012 were recruited from the PD Center of Peking University First Hospital.According to their empiric antibiotics scheme,episodes were divided into group A (where IP cefazolin plus third-generation cephalosporins were administrated) and group B (where IP Vancomycin plus third-generation cephalosporins were administrated).Multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the influence of different emnpiric antibiotics scheme on peritonitis outcome.Results Patients in Group B had significantly lower level of serum albumin (33.5±6.0 vs 35.3±5.2 g/L) and cholesterol (4.6±1.3 vs 4.9± 1.1 mmol/L) than those in group A.In group A,the percentage of gram-positive bacteria was similar to group B (43.2％ vs 43.3％,P =0.96),but gram-negative bacteria was numerically lower (16.9％ vs 24.7％,P =0.08).Different empiric antibiotics strategy was not independent predictor of peritonitis outcome [OR =1.07,95％ CI(0.45,2.56),P=0.87].Conclusion Both cefazolin and vancomycin can be selected as first-line empiric antibiotic covering gram-positive organisms in the treatment of PD related peritonitis.

Objective To study the relationship between handgrip level and characteristics of surface electromyogram(sEMG)signal from forearm muscles.Methods Nine healthy volunteers were asked to do a specific grip test with three force levels of maximum volunteer contraction(MVC),80% MVC and 40% MVC.sEMG signal was recorded from flex digitorum superficial(FDS)and extensor carpi radialis longus(ECRL)simultaneously.The amplitude characteristics of sEMG signal were calculated by the means of root mean square(RMS)and wavelet analysis.Furthermore,to compare the relationship of sEMG and force level between different participants,SPSS was applied to analyze the relative value that was defined as the ratio between sEMG characteristics of MVC condition and that of different grip levels.Results There existed positive correlation between grip level and sEMG activity,stronger grip corresponded the greater sEMG characteristics for every participant,and this correlation revealed significant coherence between different volunteers.Conclusion There is significant correlation between grip force and forearm muscle activities represented as sEMG characteristics.The result suggests that sEMG can be used to predict grip force noninvasively for measuring motor function and assessing the motor function rehabilitation.

Acetamides ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Anti-Infective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Linezolid ; Male ; Oxazolidinones ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of electrical stimulation on nervous cells.MethodsOn 5th day the brain primitive nervous cells of rat brain, in vitro culturing, were divided into 4 groups, in order of control group, electrical pole control group, low stimulation group, and high stimulation group. The cells were stimulated with electro-acupuncture apparatus for 7 days, 30 minutes once, twice a day. On 10th day, the cells were observed microscopically for 3 days and taken photos.ResultsElectrical stimulation is helpful to raise the survival rate of cell.Conclusions Electrical stimulation influences morphological change of nervous cells during culturing.

Objective To analyze the time and space aggregation of acute schistosome infections in marshland and lake areas in five provinces(Jiangsu,Anhui,Jiangxi,Hubei and Hunan province)from 2005 to 2012,so as to provide the evidence for es-tablishing control strategies and taking effective control measures. Methods The data of patients with acute schistosome infection in marshland and lake areas in five provinces from 2005 to 2012 were collected and analyzed with the concentration ratio and circu-lar distribution methods for the epidemic season features and time aggregation of the infection,and with the spatial autocorrelation analysis for the space aggregation of the infected cases. Results According to the concentration ratio,the occurrence of acute schistosome infection had strong seasonality,and the concentration ratio was 0.758;according to the circular distribution method, the peak day of acute schistosome infections was 10th,August. The spatial analysis suggested that the infected cases highly gath-ered around Poyang Lake,Dongting Lake and Yangtze River Basin in 23 counties of the five provinces,and the result of spatial au-tocorrelation analysis showed that the spatial autocorrelation index I was 0.16(P=0.01). Conclusion The occurrence of acute schistosome infections in lake regions of the 5 provinces shows strong seasonality and space aggregation,therefore we can bring the control mark forward,and take targeted prevention and control measures in high aggregation areas of acute schistosomiasis.

Objective To review the experience of treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis(PVE)after mitral valve replacement(MVR)in 16 cases.Methods From September 1979 to December 2010,16 patients were diagnosed as PVE after MVR by modified Duke University diagnostic criteria.There were 10 males and 6 females.Their ages ranged from 19 to 55 years old(mean 28 years old).The incidence of PVE was 0.97％(16/1657)after MVR.Blood culture positive was in 5 cases.Medical treatment alone was performed in 10 patients who were treated by using Penicillin or Vancomycin with other broad-spectrum antibiotics,using Fluconazole and Amphotericin if necessary.Combined medical and surgical management were performed in 6 cases.One emergency case was operated because of obstinate heart failure.Five cases underwent operation after adequate antibiotics treatment and general condition improvement.The infective tissue and vegetation were aggressively debrided after the infective prosthetic valve removed.Before the new valve was replaced paravalvular tissue must be flushed with diluted iodine solution and large quantities of normal saline.Tricuspid valve repair (TVR)was performed during the same period in 3 cases.Results Hospital death occurred in 8 patients and only 2 patients were recovery in group with medical treatment only.The main reasons of death were infective shock and cardiac failure in 4 patients,cerebral complications(embolism or bleeding)and multiple organs failure in 4 cases.While 6 patients cured after combined medical and surgical management.Follow-up had been carried out in 8 cases for 1.7 to 15 years(mean 5.1 years).Eight years later one patient was re-operated because of severe tricuspid regurgitation and paravalvular leak.There was no PVE recurrence in others.Conclusion Combined medical and surgical management for PVE get a better result than medical treatment alone.Good prognosis lies in timely diagnosis,adequate antibiotics,aggressive debridement of infective tissue and better myocardium protection during operation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of overexpression of S3 ribosomal protein (S3rp) gene on the resistance of leukemia cell to antitumor drugs.

METHODSBoth sense and antisense cDNA recombinants of S3rp gene were constructed with pcDNA3.1 expression vector. Subsequently, the sense S3rp cDNA recombinant was transfected into K562 cells while the antisense one into K562/DOX cells (a multidrug resistant cell line). In addition, empty pcDNA3.1 vector was transfected into the corresponding cells as negative controls. The chemosensitivity of cells was evaluated by MTT assay.

RESULTSSense S3rp cDNA transfected K562 cells were 5.8 times more resistant to doxorubicin than control cells did, whereas antisense S3rp cDNA transfected K562/DOX cells were 3.2 times less resistant to doxorubicin than control cells did.

CONCLUSIONOverexpression of S3rp gene plays an important role in the development of drug resistance in K562/DOX cells.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; DNA, Antisense ; genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; genetics ; pathology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection

Base Sequence ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen at a high dosage, which will offer a theoretical support for an appropriate clinical use of the medicine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Three qualified NSCLC patients are selected and given tamoxifen (TAM) 160 mg per Os. Blood samples were collected at different times and then analyzed by high-performance liguid chromatography. The PK-GRAPH program was used to obtain the parameters. Results The concentration-time courses of the TAM 160 mg were fitted to one-compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated as follows: Tmax (6.35±1.24)h, Cmax (217.39±7.71)ng/Ml, AUC (12 127.39±636.16)ng·h/Ml and T1/2ke (34.13±2.97)h. Conclusion TAM 160mg one day per Os cannot reach the effective maintenance concentration in vivo required for reversing MDR in vitro. Loading-maintenance dose strategy is recommended to study the pharmacodynamics of tamoxifen at a high dosage in NSCLC patients.