Objective To study the effect of 3％ hypertonic saline(HS) and 20％ mannitol on cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma.Methods 56 patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma were evenly divided into two groups.Group A(n =28) was treated by 3％ hypertonic saline(5.35ml/kg).Group B (n =28) was treated by 20％ mannitol(1 g/kg).CSFP was tested before hypertonic saline or mannitol infusion (T0),immediately (T1),15,30,60,120min after infusion (T2 ～5).Various blood-gas indexes were observed at To,T3 ～5.CaO2,CjvO2,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were calculated.Results CSFP significantly dropped from T2 to T5 in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly reduced at T4～5 in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion 3 ％ HS is as efficient as 20％ mannitol in reducing intracranial pressure and improving cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma.

Objective To determine the brain protective effects of inhalation anesthetic pretreatment in infants undergoing open-heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation (ECC).Methods Forty-five infants (no more than 3 years old) with congenital heart diseases who received surgical treatment were divided into 3 groups by table of random digit,sevoflurane pretreatment group (group S,15 cases),isoflurane pretreatment group (group Ⅰ,15 cases) and control group (group C,15 cases).In pretreatment group,all infants had been inhaled 1.0-1.5 MAC sevoflurane or isoflurane continually for over 60 min after intubation,while group C did not receive pretreatment.Blood samples were taken before (T1) and in 5 min after ECC (T2),occlusion of aorta (T3),30 min after ECC (T4),end ofECC (T4),and 6 and 24 h after the end of ECC (T6 and T7).Serum levels of S 100 β protein and neurone specific enolase (NSE) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results There was no significant difference in the serum levels of S100β protein and NSE among the 3 groups in T1 (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum levels of S100β protein and NSE in group S and group Ⅰ between T1 and T2-7 (P＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum levels of S100 β protein and NSE in T2-7 between group S and group Ⅰ (P ＞ 0.05).In group C,there were significant differences in the serum levels of S100 β protein in T4-6 and NSE in T4-7 than those in T1 (P＜ 0.05).In T4-6,the serum levels of S100 β protein and NSE in group S and group Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in group C [S100 β protein:(0.45 ± 0.31),(0.47 ± 0.35) μ g/L vs.(0.73 ± 0.31) μ g/L,(0.53 ± 0.33),(0.54 ± 0.36) μ g/L vs.(0.91 ± 0.30) μ g/L,(0.47 ± 0.34),(0.49 ±0.35) μ g/L vs.(0.79 ± 0.40) μ g/L,P ＜ 0.05； NSE:(3.26 ± 1.34),(3.32 ± 1.34) μ g/L vs.(7.20 ± 2.71)μ g/L,(5.57 ± 1.49),(5.61 ± 1.52) μ g/L vs.(7.68 ± 3.68) μ g/L,(2.29 ± 1.21),(2.34 ± 1.22) μ g/L vs.(9.46 ± 4.61) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Sevoflurane or isoflurane pretreatment significantly decreases the serum levels of S100 β protein and NSE during open-heart operation in infants with ECC.

Objective To explore whether gastrointestinal carcinoma could influence differentiation and maturation of dentritic cell (DC) in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Methods PBMC of peripheral blood obtained either from healthy individuals or gastrointestinal carcinoma patients were incubated to induce into DC with the aid of addition of GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-?. The percentage of DC and expression rate of markers CD83, CD1a were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Results The quantity of PBMC isolated from gastrointestinal carcinoma patients was less than that from healthy individuals with same volume of blood. DC could be induced from PBMC of gastrointestinal carcinoma patients, and they could express B7 costimulatory molecules as those of healthy individuals. But the expression rates of CD83, CD1a were significantly different in two groups. Conclusion The quantity of PBMC and their ability to differentiate into DC seemed to be decreased in gastrointestinal carcinoma patients.

Cancer is still one of the major diseases threatening human life and health. At present, how to achieve precise diagnosis and treatment of tumors is the biggest challenge in cancer treatment. Prodrugs use the tumor specificity of targeting molecules to deliver anticancer drugs to tumor sites, which can effectively improve drug bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and safety, and are currently a hot spot in the research and development of anticancer drugs. The targeting molecules of prodrugs mainly include nucleic acid aptamers, polymers, antibodies, polypeptides, etc. Among them, polypeptides have the advantages of good biocompatibility, controllable degradation performance, high in vivo responsiveness, and simple and easy preparation methods, and are widely used. It is used to construct peptide-drug conjugates (PDC) prodrugs to achieve targeted therapy of tumors. In recent years, with the development of phage peptide library technology and peptide standard solid-phase synthesis technology, more and more targeted peptides have been discovered and effectively synthesized and modified, providing strong support for the development of PDC. This review briefly introduces the types and functions of functional peptides and linkers in PDC, and discusses the application of PDC in chemotherapy, immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy in tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment, and finally summarizes the difficulties faced by PDC drug development.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Humans ; Ring Chromosomes ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVE:To promote rational combined use of Chinese Chinese materia medica with western medicines.METHODS:The mechanisms for Chinese materia medica and its chemical compositions to change the bioavailability of orally taken substrates by its inhibiting or inducing intestinal CYP3A4 and P-gp were summarized,and which were analyzed by combining the literature.RESULTS:Fructus Schisandrae,Radix Angelicae Dahuricae,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Rutaecarpine,Ginkgolide A etc could inhibit or induce the CYP3A4 enzyme;Radix Scutellariae,common St.Johnwort herb with root,Naringenin,Hypericin etc could inhibit or induce P-gp.The change of the parameters of the bioavailability of substrate drugs caused by Chinese materia medica and its chemical compositions through acting on intestinal CYP3A4 and P-gp could influence the drug safety and efficacy.CONCLUSION:Clinicians and pharmacists should attach importance to the drug interactions in the concomitant use of Chinese traditional medicines and western drugs so as to promote rational drug use.

A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of four selenium species Se(Ⅵ), Se(Ⅵ), selenomethionine, and Se-methylselenocysteine in Se-enriched yeast by liquid chromatography-hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-HG-AFS). The isolation of the analytes from yeast samples was accomplished by proteaseⅩⅣ and trypsin enzymatic digestion. The target compounds were separated on a PRP-X100 anion exchange column and analyzed by HG-AFS. The mobile phase was 20 mmol/L (NH4)2HPO4. Good linearity was obtained for all the selenium species, with linear correlation coefficients higher than 0. 9996. The LODs of the four species were between 0. 5 and 5. 0 μg/kg. Average recoveries for the four analytes were in the ranges of 82 . 5%-101 . 2%, with intra-and inter-day RSD lower than 8. 6% and 14. 5, respectively. The proposed analytical method is simple, sensitive, with low operation cost, making it applicable for the determination of the selenium species in Se-enriched feeds.

Objective To study the relationship between handgrip level and characteristics of surface electromyogram(sEMG)signal from forearm muscles.Methods Nine healthy volunteers were asked to do a specific grip test with three force levels of maximum volunteer contraction(MVC),80% MVC and 40% MVC.sEMG signal was recorded from flex digitorum superficial(FDS)and extensor carpi radialis longus(ECRL)simultaneously.The amplitude characteristics of sEMG signal were calculated by the means of root mean square(RMS)and wavelet analysis.Furthermore,to compare the relationship of sEMG and force level between different participants,SPSS was applied to analyze the relative value that was defined as the ratio between sEMG characteristics of MVC condition and that of different grip levels.Results There existed positive correlation between grip level and sEMG activity,stronger grip corresponded the greater sEMG characteristics for every participant,and this correlation revealed significant coherence between different volunteers.Conclusion There is significant correlation between grip force and forearm muscle activities represented as sEMG characteristics.The result suggests that sEMG can be used to predict grip force noninvasively for measuring motor function and assessing the motor function rehabilitation.

Objective: To optimize extraction conditions to completely separate ginkgolic acids off ginkgolic flavonone glycosides and terpene lactones. Methods: A liquid liquid equilibrium model was used to simulate extracting process of active components in ginkgo biloba leaves. Results of calculation and experiment were compared to value the extraction system, and the best extracting condition was established. Results: when pH=2.5, extractant consists of 20% ethanol water solution and cyclo hexane, the best extraction efficient can be obtained. Conclusion: There is a great difference between theoretical simulating distribution ratio and experiment value in order of magnitude. However, their relative relationship is consistent.