Head and Neck Neoplasms

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; Polyps ; Pyriform Sinus ; pathology

Adult ; Afibrinogenemia ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; chemically induced ; Male ; Valproic Acid ; adverse effects

Objective To establish a model of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in rabbits. Methods Animal models of venous thrombosis were made by blocking venous flow with a vascular clamp temporarily, injuring the vascular wall, and injecting thrombin in the distal vein in one side of rabbits. Then fixed the hip and knee joints of the operated sides in the flection position with plaster. 48 h later, the femoral veins on both sides were examined with the ultrasonography and pathology. Results All the rabbits survived after operation. The ultrasonography showed that the femoral veins on both sides were virtually anechoic. However, the veins on the operated sides couldn't be compressed and no flow was detected, the control sides were just the reverse. The veins on the operated side were filled with thrombus which had not adhered on the wall, but no thrombosis occurred in the control side. Conclusion A model of DVT was established in rabbits.

Forty-eight patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome(SCS)were evaluated.Eleven of them underwent adrenalectomy(Group 1)and the other 37 cases did not(Group 2).Serum and urine corticosol, plasma ACTH and parameters related to metabolic syndrome(such as waist circumference,blood pressure,blood lipids and fasting plasma glucose)were measured.The data at diagnosis were compared with those during the survey.The results indicated that patients with SCS had a significantly high prevalence of metabolic syndrome.The symptoms and signs of metabolic syndrome could be improved after removing the tumor.Otherwise there is no improvement,some patients will even develop into overt Cushing's syndrome.

Objective To develop a model of type 2 diabetes with early renal injury on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods The 6-week old SHR were fed with the diets enriched with sucrose (20%, W/W), lard (10%, W/W), cholesterol (2.5%, W/W) and chleolate (1%, W/W) to induce insulin resistance. Hyperglycemia was developed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as normal controls. Rats with plasma glucose (PGL) ≥ 16.7 mmol/L were diagnosed as diabetes. Eight weeks after the induction of diabetes, plasma triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), glucose, systolic pressure(SP), 24-h urine protein excretion (Upro) were examined in all the rats, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was analyzed. Renal pathological changes were studied by immunohistochemical staining and electron microscope. Results After 2 weeks on the high sucrose and fat diets, the model rats exhibited significant increase in basal PGL, TG and CHO levels as compared to control rats (P<0.05, respectively). The insulin resistance was developed in model rats demonstrated by the higher HOMA-IR (5.03±0.38 vs 2.61±0.34, P<0.05). At the end of the experiment, model rats were associated with hypertension. Upro level was significantly increased in model rats compared with that in controls [(57.58±16.54) mg/24 h vs (5.35±1.90) mg/24 h, P<0.01]. The kidney hypertrophy index (KWI) was significantly increased in the model rats compared to controls (P <0.05). Moreover, the diabetic model rats showed glomerular hypertrophy, foot process effacement, micro villous transformation, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening. Conclusion A rat model is successfully established, which presents typical features of human type 2 diabetes and can be served as an ideal model to study the diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the gender difference of the plasma lactic acid(LA) levels in type 2 diabetics with normal renal and hepatic function, and the effect of metformin on LA levels in the difference gender. Methods A total of 1 021 type 2 diabetic inpatients with normal renal and hepatic functions were collected,including metformin treatment group (213 males and 210 females) and metformin non-treatment group (299 males and 299 females). LA was measured with enzyme-electrode assay. Fasting plasma glucose ( FPG), creatinine ( Cr), and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) levels were determined. Results LA level in metformin treatment group was significantly higher than that in metformin non-treatment group [ (1.32±0.53 vs 1.14±0.49) mmol/L,P<0.01],and 61 cases had hyperlactacidemia but no lactic acidosis was found. Spearman correlation analysis showed that LA level was positively associated with gender,metformin, and body mass index( BMI) apart from Cr and ALT( P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender,Cr,ALT,and metformin were independent correlated factors of hyperlactacidemia. LA levels in females were higher than those of males in the whole group and two groups treated or not treated with metformin (all P<0. 05 ). LA levels in females were higher compared to male in Cr and ALT subgroups,as well as age subgroups,especially with age younger than 45 years old (P=0.021). Conclusions There is gender difference of lactate level in diabetic patients,and the effect of metformin on the plasma lactate levels of different gender is varied. The plasma LA level in females,especially those approaching menopause,are prone to hoist.

Objective:To analyze the expression of circular RNA (circRNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with gout and to explore the possible mechanism of circRNA in the pathogenesis of gout.Methods:Peripheral blood samples of 24 patients with acute gout (AG), 24 patients with intermittent gout (IG) and 24 healthy control subjects (HC) were collected. Three cases of AG, IG, and HC were randomly selected, and the differentially expressed circRNA in PBMCs was screened by human circNA microarrays. The 6 circRNAs with large differences between the two comparison groups were selected, and the relative expression levels of 6 circRNAs in all the collected 72 PBMCs of the study subjects were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The significantly differentially ex-pressed circRNA (fold change>1.5, P<0.05) was analyzed by GO analysis, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and its interaction with microRNA (miRNA) was predicted. The median (interquartile range) was used to describe the data, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. Results:(1) The microarray analysis results showed that compared with the HC group, the AG group and the IG group had 116 and 41 significantly differently expressed circRNAs, respectively; com-pared with the IG group, the AG group had 105 significantly differently expressed circRNAs. (2) Among the 6 circRNAs verified by PT-qPCR, the expression trends of 5 were consistent with the microarray results. The expression of hsa_circRNA_105034 in the AG group [5.17(4.60)] was statistically significantly different com-pared to the IG [1.68(2.39)] and HC [0.90(0.73)] groups (AG vs IG: Z=-4.413, P<0.01; AG vs HC Z=-5.052, P<0.01). (3) Bioinformatics analysis: ① GO analysis found that differential circRNA swere mainly involved in DNA transcriptional regulation, positive cell regulation and protein modification, etc. ② KEGG pathway analysis revealed that differential circRNA might be involved in the immune response mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. ③ CircRNA might affect its inflammatory response by targeting molecules such as miRNA-146a, miRNA-302b and miRNA-23a. Conclusion:There are differentially expressed circRNAs in PBMCs of patients with gout, which may be closely related to the occurrence and development of gout.

Objective:To screen for circle RNA (circRNA) differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to analyze its expression profile to explore the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of AS.Methods:CircRNA microarray chip technology was used to detect the expression of circRNAs in PBMCs of 3 patients with active AS, 3 patients with stable AS and 3 healthy controls (HC), and then screening for differentially expressed circRNAs by fold change (FC) and P value. Then differentially expressed circRNAs among the circRNAs with the highest differential expression were selected randomly to verify the chip results by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); Differentially expressed circRNAs were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and microRNA (miRNA) target prediction software was used to predict the circRNA/miRNA interaction relationship. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed by t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:① Chip text results showed that there were 800 circRNAs with significantly different expression (FC>1.5, P<0.05) in active AS than HC, of which 466 were up-regulated and 334 were down-regulated; the stable AS had a total of 1 149 significantly differentially expressed when compared with the HC (FC>1.5, P<0.05) circRNAs, of which 589 were up-regulated and 560 were down-regulated. 233 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (FC>1.5, P<0.05) between active AS and stable AS, of which 145 were up-regulated and 88 were down-regulated. ②The RT-qPCR verification results suggested that the expression trends of the four differentially expressed circRNAs were consistent with the results of the chip. ③ GO analysis results suggested that these differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, Rho GTPase binding and other processes. The analysis showed that the KEGG pathway were enriched in Th17 cell differentiation and chemokine signaling pathways. The results of miRNA target prediction software analysis suggested that differentially expressed circRNAs might play a role by targeting miR-650, let-7b-5p and other miRNAs. Conclusion:Compared with HC group, there were differentially expressed circRNAs in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of AS patients, The results of this study suggest that these circRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of AS.

Objective To explore the variance of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations in the aged patients after noncardiac surgery and its significance. Methods 101 patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery were divided into two groups based on the BNP concentrations before surgery: group A: BNP≤100 ng/L，n=61; group B: BNP>100 ng/L，n=40. The BNP concentrations before and after noncardiac surgery and the incidence of cardiac events in both groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference （P>0.05） of BNP concentrations before and after noncardiac surgery in group A, which were (58.2±28.7) ng/L and (53.7±25.9) ng/L respectively, but was significant difference （P<0.05） in group B, which were (147.3±72.1) ng/L and (341.5±92.4) ng/L respectively. There was significant difference （P<0.05） between group A, in which no patient happened cardiac event, and group B, in which 14 patients happened. Conclusion The plasma BNP concentration would be increased significantly in the aged patients with a BNP concentration>100 ng/L before surgery, which may cause more cardiac events.