Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of aging.Identifying novel AD genetic risk factors is important for understanding its pathogenesis.Presenilin- 2 (PSEN2) is one of the causative genes for familial AD.Polymorphism of the promoter region of PSEN2 has recently been reported to be associated with sporadic AD in a Russian population.The purpose of this study was to determine whether AD is associated with the PSEN2 gene polymorphism in a case-control study.Methods We examined PSEN2 and ApoE genotypes of 160 patients with AD and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls from the same community by using PCR-RFLP method.Statistical analyses included a Chi-square test for homogeneity and a Logistic regression analysis.Results Examination of PSEN2 genotypes revealed no statistically significant differences in the frequency of the+A/-A polymorphism when compared with the total sample of AD patients and control individuals (P=0.11). However,subgroup of ApoE 84 non-carriers suggested significant differences of the three genotypes of PSEN2 promoter between AD and controls (P=0.038).Logistic analyses indicated ApoE genotypes were related with AD,and after stratification by e4 allele,PSEN2 genotypes were related with AD of e4 non-carriers.In addition,there was no interaction between ApoE and PSEN2 gene.Conclusion The+A/-A polymorphism of PSEN2 promoter may be a minor genetic risk factor for sporadic AD,especially in the group of AD without ApoE ?4 allele.

Humans ; Male ; Splenectomy ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Thrombocytopenia ; etiology ; surgery ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies ; complications ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effect of the early reinforced control ability training of the trunk and pelvis on the motor function of patients with stroke.MethodsFifty-six patients with stroke were randomly divided into the therapy group and control group with 28 cases in each group. The patients of two groups were treated with regular rehabilitation training, forty-five minutes at a time, twice one day; at the same time the patients of the therapy group were administrated with the control ability training in the trunk and pelvis, twenty minutes at a time, twice one day. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale (FMA), the Barthel Index (BI) and functionality ambulation category (FAC) were used to assess the motor function of the patients, before and after the treatment.ResultsTwo months after treatment, there was a significant increasing in the FMA, BI, FAC and hemiplegia gait analysis assessment in the both groups ( P<0.05～0.01), but the walking ability of the therapy group was significantly better than that of the control group ( P<0.05).ConclusionCombined the early reinforced control ability training of the trunk and pelvis with routine rehabilitation training is obvious effect on the motor function of the patients with stroke.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of port catheter system(PCS)placement in pulmonary artery via percutaneous subclavicle vein treatment for multiple metastatic tumor in the two lungs and discuss the PCS technique.Methods Fifteen multiple metastatic tumor patients(13 hepatocellular carcinomas,one mandible grand adenocarcinoma,one oral bottom squamous carcinoma)were carried out with pulmonary artery PCS placement by way of percutaneous subclavicle vein.FPA/FPM/GP chemotherapy scheme were introduced every 4～6 weeks.Results The success rate of PCS placement technique was 93.3%(14/15).One case failed.Percutaneous subclavicle veins were performed 14 cases in right side and 1 in left one.Following up 2～43 months,2～7 chemotherapy cycles(mean 5 cycles)were accomplished,and the clinical CR and PR were achieved in 1 and 3 cases respectively with clinical efficacy rate 28.6%(4/14).Major side reaction was late wound healing in 1 case.Conclusion PCS placement in pulmonary artery treatment for multiple metastatic tumor in the two lungs is effective,and mastering operation technique is the key for increasing operation suc- cess rate.

Notch signaling pathway is involved in oogenesis and the secretion of ovarian hormones .It controls prolifera-tion and differentiation of ovarian stem cells .In addition, the Notch pathway is also involved in ovarian carcinogenesis .

This paper aims to establish a method for the determination of sulfur dioxide in sulfur fumigation Chinese herbs. Sample powder and hydrochloric acid solution were isolated by paraffin layer in order to avoid early reactions, with the generation of sulfur dioxide, headspace with airtight needle was used to transfer sulfur dioxide into gas chromatograph, and detected with thermal conductivity detector. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 12 herbs, spiked at four concentration levels. In general, the recoveries ranging from 70% to 110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 15%, were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) was below 10 mg x kg(-1). Standard addition can be used for low recovery samples. The method is simple, less time-consuming, specific and sensitive. Methods comparison revealed that gas chromatography is better than traditional titration in terms of method operability, accuracy and specificity, showing good application value.
Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Fumigation ; Limit of Detection ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sulfur ; chemistry ; Sulfur Dioxide ; analysis

OBJECTIVEAn accurate and reliable analytical method for-simultaneous determination of six active components (scopolin, chlorogenic acid, scopoletin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C) in plants of Erycibe was developed.

METHODScopolin, chlorogenic acid, scopoletin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C in the samples were well separated in analytical HPLC by gradual elution with methanol-0.1% formic acid solution. The chromatographic condictions: Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column, flowing rate being 1 mL x min(-1), detecting wavelength at 345 nm.

RESULTGood linearities of scopolin, chlorogenic acid, scopoletin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C were in the range of 0.026 8-2.68, 0.027 0-2.70, 0.008 1-0.81, 0.018 8-1.88, 0.017 6-1.76, 0.019 6-1.96 μg, respectively (r > 0.999 6). The average recoveries of the six components were 98.1%, 98.7%, 100.8%, 100.4%, 99.7%, 101.1%; the relative standard deviations were 2.67%, 2.86%, 2.62%, 1.98%, 2.76%, 2.19%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, feasible and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of plants of Erycibe.

China ; Chlorogenic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Convolvulaceae ; chemistry ; Coumarins ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Scopoletin ; analysis

The aim of this study is to prepare hyaluronic acid (HA) modified core-shell liponanoparticles (pHA-LCS-NPs) as gene delivery system and investigate its gene transfection efficiency in human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells in vitro. The pHA-LCS-NPs was prepared by firstly hydrating dry lipid film with CS-NPs suspension to get LCS-NPs, then modifying the lipid bilayer with HA by amidation reaction between HA and dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). Its morphology, particle size and zeta potential were investigated. XTT assay was used to evaluate the cell safety of different vectors in vitro. The gene transfection efficiency of pHA-LCS-NPs modified with different contents of HA was investigated in ARPE-19 cells with green fluorescent protein (pEGFP) as the reporter gene. The results showed that the obtained pHA-LCS-NPs exhibited a clear core-shell structure with the average particles size of (214.9 +/- 7.2) nm and zeta potential of (-35 +/- 3.7) mV. The 24 h cumulative release of gene from pHA-LCS-NPs was less than 30%. After 48 h incubation, gene transfection efficiency of pHA-LCS-NPs/pEGFP was 1.81 times and 3.75 times higher than that of CS-NPs/pEGFP and naked pEGFP, respectively. Also no obvious cytotoxicity was observed on pHA-LCS-NPs. It suggested that the pHA-LCS-NPs might be promising non-viral gene delivery systems with high efficiency and low cytotoxicity.
Cell Survival ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Lipids ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; drug effects ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo study the antitumor effects of total-flavonoid from S. chamaejasmel.

METHODThe in vitro antitumor activity against human cancer cell lines, such as stomach cancer SGC-7901, hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 and leukemia HL-60, were determined by a MTT and clone formation assay. The in vivo antitumor activity was evaluated by the antitumor bioassay against transplanted mouse solid tumor S180 and H22.

RESULTThe total-flavonoid inhibited cell proliferation of human tumor cell lines, and its activities are higher than that of vincristine. The total-flavonoid also showed a lower acute toxicity and the strong antitumor activity against transplanted mouse solid tumor S180 and H22 in vivo showing a positive correlation with the concentration. The inhibitory rates at the dose of 0.10 g x kg(-1) ip against S180 and H22 are 45.64% and 47.59%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe total-flavonoid from S. chamaejasme has antitumor activities in vivo and in vitro.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sarcoma 180 ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; Thymelaeaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEGenistein could inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. This study explored the role of PI3K/AKT signaling during genistein promoted eNOS activation.

METHODSHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with ox-LDL (100 mg/L), then treated with genistein (100 nmol/L) for 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min. The production of NO was assessed by Griess reaction in cell culture supernatant. The mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expression of eNOS and phosphorylation eNOS(Ser(1179)) were determined by Western blot. The effect of genistein on phosphorylation eNOS(Ser(1179)) level was also observed in the presence of LY294002 or NSC154020 (PI3K and AKT inhibitors).

RESULTSThe concentration of NO and the expression level of phosphorylation eNOS(Ser(1179)) were significantly increased in ox-LDL + genistein treated cells than ox-LDL treated cells (all P < 0.05), and the peak effects were observed at 15 min, however, eNOS mRNA and non-phosphorylated eNOS protein expression were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the expression level of phosphorylation eNOS(Ser(1179)) was significantly lower in PIK3/AKT inhibitors LY294002 and NSC154020 treated cells compared with ox-LDL + genistein treated cells (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGenistein could promote the activity of eNOS through increasing phosphorylation eNOS(Ser(1179)) level through PI3K/AKT pathway.

Cells, Cultured ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phytoestrogens ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects