Objective:To establish a system for quantitatively measuring alveolar bone density and to test its precision and validity. Methods: With the aid of computer technique, the system measured the average gray level intensity of regions of interest (ROIs) on standardized exposed direct digital periapical radiograph. To correct the variation resulting from exposure condition, an aluminum stepwedge was exposed simultaneously. By referring the image of aluminum stepwedge on each radiograph the equivalent aluminum thickness(EAT)and corrected gray level intensity(CGL)of the ROIs could be calculated as indicators of alveolar bone density. Nineteen specimens containing different amounts of hydroxy-phosphorite were radiographed. The precision of the system was tested by repeatedly measuring 2 of the specimens. The set of specimens was exposed under two different exposure time in order to test the system's validity to correct the gray level difference caused by different exposure time. Results: After repeated measurement of specimens, we found the Relative Standard Deviation(RSD) of EAT and CGL was between 0.83%-2.15%; At the level of 95%, if the difference of EAT between the two ROIs was larger than 0.05 mm or the difference of CGL was larger than 3, the content of hydroxy-phosphorite in them was different; The two sets of data during different exposure time were processed with Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, and the result showed effective correction of the variation caused by different exposure time. Conclusion:The precision and validity of the quantitative alveolar bone density measuring system are acceptable. The system can be used to compare alveolar bone density longitudinally and cross-sectionally.

[Objective]To evaluate the application of sonographic measurements of the thickness of transverse carpal ligaments in CTS(carpal tunnel syndrome) patients.[Methods]Fifty-two wrists from 40 patients with CTS confirmed by surgery and 32 wrists from 20 healthy individuals(control group) underwent sonographic examination of the thickness of transverse carpal ligaments at the level of pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate bone in transverse plane by the same operator.[Results]The thickness of transverse carpal ligaments in CTS patients was(0.41?0.10) cm at hamate hook level and(0.35?0.11) cm at pisiform level versus(0.28?0.11) cm and(0.20?0.08) cm in the control group.There was significant difference in the mean value of thickness of transverse carpal ligaments hetween the two groups at the two levels.[Conclusion]Ultrasonography examination of the thickness of transverse carpal ligaments is a new and valuable technique in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome and is much helpful to choose operation methods.

Objective To study the structure of spliced variants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes and elucidate their potential pathogenicity. Methods Amplified the spliced variants of hepatitis B virus genomes by mean of PCR from the serum of the patients with chronic hepatitis B, sequenced and analysis the characteristics of such genomes. Results 10 different types of the spliced variants of hepatitis B virus genomes were obtained with the molecular weight ranging from 765 bp to 2039 bp. There were 6 splicing donor sites and 6 accepter sites, respectively in HBV genomes. All spliced variants showed one or more deletions in the regions coding for core, preS1, preS2 and surface protein, while retained thepathogenic X gene and cis elements which were essential for viral replication and packaging. Conclusions Spliced variants of hepatitis B virus genomes were commonly detected in the serum from chronic Hepatitis B patients, the characteristic structure of such variants implied that they might closely co-related with the pathogenicity of HBV.

Objective The investitgation of vascularized periosteal flap with dorsal branch of anterior interossea vessel was performed to provide anatomical basis for periosteal flap transposition. Methods The courses, branches, distribution and anastomosis of the dorsal branch of anterior interossea vessel were observed on 30 sides of adult cadavers' upper extremities and stimulated operation were perfomed. Results The dorsal branch penetrate out of interosseous membrane of forearm at (6. 6? 1. 4) cm upper the styloid process of the radius. It also sent off branches to the dorsal of ulna and radius that consist the periosteal flap. The dorsal branch send off lateral and medial branch about (2. 6?0. 8) cm upper the styloid process of the radius. The end of the branch anastomoses with dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar and radial vessel' Conclusion The pedicled osteoperiosteal flap can be transferred for repairing the fracture nonunion of ulna and radius and transpose reversely to repair scaphoid and innate bone disease'

The cultivation of medical talents is the main goal of medical postgraduate training. Zunyi Medical University innovates many aspects of postgraduate education, including student sources, spirit of scientific research, curriculum setting, assessment mechanism and quality control, etc. It fo-cuses on cultivating students' practical and innovative abilities through developing professional-typed education, constructing excellent courses, and boosting students' core competitiveness.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of Rta protein antibody IgG of EB virus(Rta/IgG)in the diagnosis of naso‐pharyngeal carcinoma patients in Zhuhai .Methods A total of 75 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosed by histopathologi‐cal detection without therapy were recruited into nasopharyngeal cancer group ,100 healthy persons were selected into control group ,there were 19 patients in liver cancer ,gastric cancer ,lung cancer ,lymphoma group and cervical cancer group .Rta/IgG and EB virus antibody of shell (VCA/IgA) were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay .Results The positive rate of Rta/IgG in the nasopharyngeal cancer group was significant higher than those of liver cancer ,gastric cancer ,lung cancer ,lymphoma group and cervical cancer and control group(P<0 .05) .The positive rates of Rta/IgG in different clinical stage of nasopharyngeal cancer had no significant differences(P>0 .05) .The sensitivity rates of Rta/IgG single detection ,VCA/IgA single detection ,com‐bined detection of Rta/IgG and VCA/IgA were 81 .3% ,89 .3% ,94 .6% respectively ,while the specificity rates were 93 .0% ,84 . 0% ,80 .0% respectively .Conclusion Rta/IgG is a sensitive and specific serologic parameter for nasopharynx cancer diagnosis ,but it is not a proper maker for evaluating clinical stage of nasopharynx cancer .The combined detection of Rta/IgG and VCA/IgA could improve the diagnosis rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Zhuhai .

Objective To assess the effects of hepatitis B virus(HBV) large envelope protein (LHB) on the apoptosis of HepG2 cells and explore the possible mechanism by proteomic approaches.Methods LHB gene was cloned into pShuttle-IRES-hrGFP-1,and the recombinant adenovirus either barboring LHB(Ad-LHB) or empty vector(Ad-GFP) were separately generated.Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit,JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit and propidium iodide(PI) staining kit were employed combined with flow cytometry to detect the apoptotic cells infected with Ad-LHB or control of Ad-GFP.The cellular proteins were collected after infection of HepG2 cells by Ad-LHBs or Ad-GFP,and a total of 600 μg proteins were submitted to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE) and stained with R350.The gel images were captured by ImageScanner Ⅱ Imaging System,the differentially expressed proteins were identified by ImageMaster 2D Platinum analysis software and picked up by Ettan Spot Picker.After enzyme digestion,the protein samples were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF MS.Results HepG2 cells infected with Ad-LHB were much more prone to apoptosis.There were thirty nine differentially expressed proteins were determined by 2-DE between HepG2 cells infected with Ad-LHB and Ad-GFP,and they were identified ultimately and categorized into thirty three kinds of proteins by MALDI-TOF-TOF MS.Among these proteins,nine were found to be closely related to cell apoptosis,in which CAPN2,eIF3K and PPP2CB were higher expressed in Ad-LHB infected HepG2 cells,and SERPINH1,LASP1,PRDX1,DHRS2,LDHA and PS-MA4 were lower expressed in Ad-LHB infected HepG2 cells.Conclusion LHB could induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells,and several apoptosis-related proteins participated in this process.

Objective To evaluate the effect of early aerosol inhalation on sore throat of the patients after double lumen endobronchial intubation. Methods 90 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery were randomly assigned to 3 groups,30 cases in each group: control group (Group C), early aerosol inhalation group (group one) and later aerosol inhalation group (group two). All patients were sent to PACU after extubation.The patients in group C were intraveously injected with 6 mL saline , those in group one were treated with aerosol inhalation of 1mg budesonide, while the patients in group two with budesonide at the same dosage 2 h later. Patients were examined with indirect laryngoscopy 6 h after surgery. The cases of vocal cord congestion and glottis edema were recorded. The degree of pharyngolaryneal pain was assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) when they were sent to PACU , 6 , 24 and 48 hours after surgery . Results The rates of vocal cord congestion and glottis edema in group one were lower than those in group C and group 2, 6 h after surgery (P < 0.05). The pharyngolaryneal VAS in group one was significantly lower than that in group C and group 2 , 6 and 24 h after operation (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between them 48 h after surgery between 3 groups. Conclusions Aerosol inhalation of budesonide after double lumen endobronchial intubation for the patients scheduled for thoracic surgery during early postoperative stage can reduce the incidences of vocal cord congestion and glottis edema, inhibit airway inflammation, significantly reduce the extent of the POST. The effect is better than that of the lateraerosol inhalation of budesonide.

Aim To investigate the influence of Ramu-lus mori polysaccharides ( RMP) on blood glucose and anti-oxidative effect in streptozotocin ( STZ )-induced diabetic mice .Methods Diabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection with 120 mg? kg -1 STZ and were randomly divided into the following 5 groups with 20 animals per group: model group , valsartan group ( 20 mg? kg -1 ) , low-, medium-, high-dose (0.3,0.6,1.2 g? kg -1 ) of RMP groups.Other 20 normal mice were treated as normal control group .The mice were administered orally for 90 d.On 45 d of ad-ministration , the 24 h urine was collected through met-abolic cages for urine protein detection .Pathological changes of kidney tissues were observed through HE staining .The serum levels of urea nitrogen ( BUN) and creatinine ( Cr ) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer; and the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase(CAT), malonaldehyde(MDA) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ,Ⅲac-tivity of kidney tissues were also determined .ELISA method was used to detect ROS content in renal cortex . The SIRT1 , FOXO1 and NF-κB protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot .Results Compared with model group, the FBG, microalbuminuria, BUN and Cr were decreased by RMP medication ( P <0.05).The activities of Mn-SOD, CAT and mitochon-drial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ,Ⅲ in RMP groups were enhanced , while MDA and ROS levels were re-duced. Moreover, the expressions of SIRT1 and FOXO1 were up-regulated by RMP , the expression of NF-κB was down-regulated ( P<0.05) .Conclusion RMP exerts renal protective effect through up-regula-ting the expressions of SIRT1 and FOXO1 in renal cor-tex , which may relate to the improvement of anti-oxida-tive capability .

Objective To provide anatomical basis for lateral antebrachial neurocutaneous flap pedi-cled with inferior cubital artery perforator in repairing tissue defects around elbow joint. Methods Thirty embalmed upper limbs of adult cadavers perfused with red latex were used for this study, and followings were observed:①The course and distribution of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve; ②Anastomoses between inferior cubital artery and nutrient vessels of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Mimic operation was performed on other side of fresh specimen. Results ①The main trunk of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) lined in the radial forearm and distributed in the 1/3 region of lateral forearm. ①The nutritional vessels of the flap were plurisegmental and polyphyletic. The inferior cubital artery which was relatively constant reached to skin through "V"-shaped peak formed by communicating branches of cephalic vein and deep venous system. They also gave off large number of small veins, which closely aligned with perineural branches and neural stem vascular chain of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Conclusion The lateral antebrachial neurocutaneos flap pedicled with inferior cubital artery perforator can be formed to repaire tissue defects around elbow joint.