Objective To observe the effect of propofol on phosphorylation of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxa-zolep-propionate receptors (AMPARs) GluR1 subunit and long-term potentiation (LTP) in cultured hippocampal neurons in aged rats.Methods A total of 30 18-month-old rats were decapitated,the brains were rapidly removed and hippocampal slice were prepared.The slices were randomly divided into control group (perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid,n=10),propofol-treated group (perfused with propofol in artificial cerebrospinal fluid,n=10)and propofol+ phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-treated group (perfused with propofol and phorbol ester in artificial cerebrospinal fluid,n=10).Extracellular excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) were recorded from the CA1 region of hippocampal slices.After perfusion for 20 min,LTP was induced using higher-frequency stimulation (HFS,100Hz,400 pulse) by the Schaffer-collateral pathway.The phosphorylation of AMPA-GluR1 subunit was assayed in cultured rat neurons by Western blot.Results The value of EPSP in propofol-treated group (105.50 ± 3.77) was much lower than in control group (242.10±14.68) and in propofol+ PMA-treated group (239.40±8.98) (F=2.90,P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the value of EPSP between control group and propofol+ PMA-treated group (P＞0.05).The level of P-Glu1/Glu1in propofol-treated group (0.68±0.15) was much lower than in control group (1.67±0.20) and in propofol+PMA-treated group (1.57±0.18) (F=6.84,P＜0.05),while there was no difference in the level of P-Glu1/Glu1 between control group and propofol + PMA-treated group (P ＞ 0.05).There was no difference in the value of GluR1/β-actin among the three groups (F=0.31,P＞0.05).Conclusions Propofol possesses the ability to inhibit LTP induction and attenuate AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit phosphorylation through modulation of PKC pathway.

Environmental Pollution ; prevention & control ; Metals, Heavy

Objective To evaluated the surgical techniques and results of open reduction and internal fixation performed for ankle fracture. Methods Eighty-two patients with ankle fracture were treated with open reduction and internal fixation from March 1995 to June 1999. Fifty-eight patients with complete clinical data were analyzed. The patient group consisted of 36 males and 22 females. According to Weber-AO classification, the group was made up of 30 Weber B cases,28 Weber C cases. All patients were evaluated with modified Baird and Jackson scoring system. The relationship between final result and fracture pattern, fixation methods, the time of exercise initiation after operation were analyzed respectively. Results The followed-up period varied from 2 months to 52 months, with an average of 17 months. The number of patients whose results was excellent, good, fair and poor was respectively 31, 18, 6 and 3. The total percentage of good to excellent clinical results was 84.5%. Fifty-four ankles were completely pain free and the remainders had only slight pain after long time walking. Conclusion Operative treatment may provide satisfactory fracture reduction and clinical results for ankle fracture. Correct fracture pattern estimation and proper internal fixation is of importance to achieve and maitain reduction, and then, to gain better long term results.

Objective To evaluate liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods From Feb,1999 to Mar,2002 a total of 95 cases underwent liver transplantation(LTX) in our centre, among them there were 23 cases of HCC.SPSS 10 0 software was used to evaluate the risk factors on the tumor recurrence after LTX.Results The tumor recurrence rate was 65% during the period of follow up. The patients' tumor free survival rate at 6 and 12 months was 75 0% and 58 3%, respectively. Multi variants analysis revealed that there was a statistical relationship between pretransplant tumor size and tumor recurrence( P =0 024).Statistical relations between preoperative demograplaic, clinical features and post LTX recurrence were not found.Conclusion Large hepatocellular carcinoma is a relative contraindication for LTX.

Environmental Health ; Occupational Health ; Social Responsibility

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value and safety of medical thoracoscopy in unexplained exudative pleural effusion.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using the clinical data of 70 routine medical thoracoscopy examinations of unexplained exudative pleural effusion in patients.The lesions were examined pathologically under direct vision.Results White military nodules were observed under endoscopy,with multiple pro-truding nodules,focal irregular thickening of the pleura,pleural congestion,edema and adhesion.The diagnostic accu-racy of thoracoscopy was 95.7%.Among the diagnosed cases,there were 35 cases of tuberculous pleurisy,20 cases of malignant pleural effusion,8 cases of parapneumonic effusion,4 cases of pleural effusion from congestive heart failure and 3 cases of idiopathic pleural effusion,with no serious complications.Conclusion Medical thoracoscopy is a safe and accurate method in the diagnosis of unexplained exudative pleural effusion.Medical thoracoscopy is beneficial in the establishment of treatment method quickly and allows observation of the pleural lesions in pleural effusion patients using the naked eye.

Objective To investigate expressions of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in hepatic tissues at the different stages of hepatitis B virus ( HBV) infection, and clarify its role in the mechanism of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Methods The expressions of PD-L1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and computer image quantitative analysis in the hepatic tissues of 65 chronic HBV infected patients and 5 healthy controls. The correlations between PD-L1 expression and inflammatory grading in the hepatic tissues, total bilirubin (TBil), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum HBV DNA level were analyzed. Results The PD-L1 expressions in hepatic tissues of HBV infection with G0 - G4 inflammatory grades were 3. 07 % ±0.93%, 8.01%±1.49%, 11.60%±2.60%, 18.41%±2.21% and 26. 04% ±3. 41%, respectively,which were all significantly stronger than that in controls (0. 64%±0. 28%). PD-L1 expression was a positively correlated with inflammation grading of hepatitis tissues, TBil, ALT and AST level in serum (r=0. 917, 0. 787, 0. 483, 0. 628; all P<0. 05), and negatively correlated with serum HBV DNA load (r=-0. 620, P<0. 05). Conclusion The upregulated PD-L1 expression may be probably involved in the chronicity of HBV infection.

Objective To make a systematical review of the efficacy and safety of endoscopic variceal ligation versus endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding. Methods We electronically searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2016), CNKI, WanFang Data and from Jan., 1980, to Mar., 2015, collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about EVL versus EVS for the patients of esophageal variceal bleeding. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 24 studies including 2020 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, there were no signiifcant differences in the variceal eradication rate (RR=1.04, 95%CI 0.99 to 1.09, P=0.090) between the EVL group and the EVS group; Compared with the EVS group, the EVL group could significantly reduce the rate of variceal rebleeding (RR=0.69, 95%CI 0.59 to 0.81, P=0.000), the rate of mortality (RR=0.76, 95%CI 0.63 to 0.90, P=0.002) and the rate of complication (RR=0.41, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.63, P=0.000), but the rate of variceal recurrent rate of EVS group was lower than that of the EVL group (RR=1.67, 95%CI 1.40 to 2.01,P=0.000). Conclusion Current evidence shows that, the variceal eradication rate between EVL and EVS is similar, but the EVL has less incidence of variceal rebleeding and mortality and complication.

Lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis JA antagonized a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens. Crude lipopeptides were extracted with methanol from the precipitate which was obtained by adding 6 mol/L HCl to the cell-free culture broth.The crude extract was run on Diamonsil C_(18)column(5?m,250 mm?4.6 mm) in reverse phase HPLC system to purify the lipopeptides.Inhibitory ability and IC_(50)values of lipopeptides towards various microorganisms were determined by agar diffusion method.The results showed lipopeptides exhibited strong inhibitory activity against some important plant pathogenic fungi,including R.solani and F.oxysporum.The ability of B.subtilis JA to antagonize against the growth of the post-harvest pathogen -B,cinerea was tested in vitro.Spore germination of B.cinerea was strongly inhibited in the presence of JA cell suspension.Furthermore,B.subtilis JA can produce antifungal volatiles which strongly inhibited the spore germination and mycelial growth of B.cinerea.As a biocontrol agent,the synergic effect of lipopeptides and volatiles may play a major role in controlling the pathogens by B.subtilis JA.

Objective We studied the clinical features and its significance of coal worker's pneumoconiosis combined with sleep apnea Methods In 40 patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis combined with sleep apnea hospitalized from February 2006 to December 2009, polysomnography ( PSG) , blood routine, urine routine, blood pressure and biochemical indicators were measured and analyzed. Results Patients with coal worker' s pneumoconiosis combined with sleep apnea manifested mainly as duplicate hypoxemia and multi-organ dysfunction: high blood pressure, dysfunction of heart, lung and kidney, increase of serum glucose, blood lipids, blood uric acid and finally led a vicious cycle to aggravate the above mentioned damage. Conclusions In clinical, multiple-organ dysfunction resulted from severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia caused by coal worker's pneumoconiosis combined with sleep apnea, should be fully aware and give ational and effective treatment early to reverse or delay the further function damages of multiple organs, and therefore significantly improve the prognosis.