The augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) assessment items wwere formed referencing the items of the assessment approach of foreign countries and the successful cases and relating the realities of our country. Then, the method that setting out the capability item of AAC and assessing the ability of the individual with disability according to the item and going back to the capability item and presenting the redesign advices were adopted. Finally, a universal support assessment system for AAC individual design was constructed, which could support the assessment of AAC to help the special education teachers in our country.

Objective:To evaluate the microtensile bond strength of total-etch or self-etch adhesives to caries-affected dentine versus normal dentine. Methods:Twenty-four extracted human molars with mesial coronal carious lesions extending into mid-dentin were selected. The softened carious dentine was removed with a slow-speed, carbon-steel bur and Caries Marker was used as guides. Prepared cavity in sound dentine in the distal coronal part of the identical teeth was used as the control. Surfaces were bonded with either Prime&Bond NT, Adper Single Bond 2, Adper Prompt or XenoⅢ,according to manufactures' recommendations. A crown was built up using resin composite(Filtek P60).After storage in water (37 ℃,24 h),teeth were vertically serially sectioned into 1.0 mm thick slabs and trimmed to yield 1 mm2 test area that contained either caries-affected or normal dentine. Then the specimen were tested in tension in an Instron machine at 0.8 mm/min.The bonding interface between the dentine and adhesives was qualitatively evaluated under the observation of scanning electron microscope(SEM). Results:Two total-etch adhesives yielded higher bond strengths than the two self-etching systems. And all the adhesives attained higher strengths in normal than in caries-affected dentine(P

Objective To investigate the distribution and migration of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the brain after intravenous injection into brain-ischemic rats and to explore the effects on the learning and memory in rats. Methods Bone mesenchymal stem cells from adult rats were cultured in vitro. Then the cells were labeled by Hoechst 33342 and infused into the adult rats on day 3 after the ischemia/reperfusion model was established by cerebral artery occlusion. Morris water maze test was used to explore the effects on learning and memory function of the rats at 3 weeks after transplantation. Fluorescence microscope was used to identify BMSCs in rat brains at 4 weeks after transplantation. Results All indices in Morris water maze test were significantly different from those of control group at 3 weeks BMSCs transplantation(P

Regarding the fact that there is a huge gap between higher education of assistive technology in China and the social need, the authors discussed about the necessity of developing China's higher education of assistive technology, by discussing about the fact that assistive technology becoming an independent subject, society's need for leaders and designers in the field of assistive technology, the need to develop assistive technology theories and knowledge, the important meaning of developing higher education of special education to support the independent living of persons with disability and opening potential market, the successful example of America's assistive technology and higher education of it being in the leading place.

To investigated the toxin genes distribution and molecular characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from pa‐tients in Ningbo ,V .parahaemolyticus strains were collected from patients with food poisoning and diarrhea .Thermostable di‐rect hemolysin gene (tdh) and TDH‐related hemolysin gene (trh) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .Molecu‐lar characteristics were acquired by multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST ) .Of 248 clinical strains were isolated from 2006 to 2012 .Forty‐eight strains were selected to detect virulence genes and MLST genotyping .Forty‐two isolates were detected as tdh+ and 11 isolates were detected as trh+ .There were 9 STs and one undifferentiated type in Ningbo clinical strains .Thirty‐two strains were classified into ST3 ,5 strains into ST265 and 3 strains into ST120 .ST265 was found in Ningbo strains com‐pared with strains from other regions of China .Strains with tdh+ accounted for the majority in Ningbo clinical strains .Twen‐ty‐five strains of ST3 clone were tdh+ /trh‐.There were 9 STs coexsited in Ningbo clinical strains .ST3 clone was dominant , followed by ST265 and ST120 .Strains with tdh+ /trh‐were dominant in the ST3 clone .The unique ST262 was found in Ning‐bo clinical strains .

This article was aimed to observe the therapeutic effect of massage manipulation in the treatment of post-stroke elbow flexor spasticity . Stroke cases that met the inclusion criteria were selected . The cases were randomly divided into the treatment group of 48 cases and the control group of 48 cases . The treatment group was treated with massage . And the control group was treated with continuous static stretch technique . The re-sults showed that there was significant difference before and after the treatment in both groups. And the treat-ment group was significantly better than the control group ( P < 0 . 05 ) . It was concluded that massage manipu-lation has obvious effect in the treatment of post-stroke elbow flexor spasticity.

Objective To explore the effects of estrogen on stress-induced senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The VSMCs of passage 2-3 cultured from female SD rats were induced into senescence by exposing to 150μmol/L H2O2 in the presence or absence of different concentrations(10-10mol/L-10-8mol/L) of 17β-estradiol (E2). The expressions or activities of senescence associated marker DcR2, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), oncogene Ras and p21WAF1 were detected by flow cytometry, cytochemical staining, pull-down assay or Western blotting analysis. Results Flow cytometry analysis showed that in the physiological concentrations, E2 significantly inhibited the H2O2-promoted high-level expression of DcR2 of VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner, with a highest inhibitive rate at 14.48%±0.6%(E2=10-8 mol/L;P<0.05, n =3);this inhibitive effect could be blocked by a E2 receptors inhibitor ICI 182,780. Cytochemistry staining showed that the rate of SA-β-Gal positive VSMCs induced by H2O2 decreased in presence of 10-8mol/L E2 (20.5%±1.4% vs 9.6%±0.9%;P<0.05, n =9). Pull-down assay and Western blotting analysis revealed that administration of 10-8mol/L E2 obviously reduced the H2O2-induced activity of Ras (0.60±0.06 vs 0.26±0.04;P<0.05, n =3) and expression of p21WAF1 (0.46±0.04 vs 0.33±0.02;P<0.05, n =3). Conclusion E2 exerts, an inhibitive effects on stress-induced senescence of VSMCs by suppressing the activity of Ras and expression of p21WAF1. This finding suggests a novel mechanism for the hormone's anti-atheroschlerotic effects.

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Exanthema ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; chemically induced ; Myocardial Infarction ; chemically induced ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Tumor Lysis Syndrome ; etiology

Objective To explore the effect of dimethylformamide(DMF)on the histological structure and enzymes activity in the testis of mice.Methods The KM male mice were treated with DMF by gavage at the doses of 0,0.5,1 and 2 g/kg respectively, once a day,for 30 consecutive days.On day 31,the mice blood samples were collected through eyes and then the mice were killed. Two mice were randomly selected in each group and one testicle was sampled to do the pathological examination,the other one for enzyme activity determination,including succinic acid dehydrogenase(SDH),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and acid phosphatase (ACP).Results Compared with the control group,all treated groups showed a significant decrease in body weight(P

A Comprehensive review was present on the sources, enzyme stru cture, enzyme reaction mechanism and the application of the nitrilase.