It is one of the key problems for the development of Chinese medicine to standardize the diagnosis of syndromes. The authors mainly discuss the ideas and methods of the study of standardization of syndrome diagnosis by retrospective analysis, also put forward the following suggestions: (1) the main ideas of this study should be based on the comparison of the diseases and their relevant syndromes and the predictive diagnosis of syndromes by the effects of herbal prescription treatment; (2) they are important ways to carry out multicenter, large sample and perspective clinical trials on the basis of the investigation and study of literature, consultation of experts and retrospective case review, and following the principles of clinical epidemiology, and to use the methods of evidence-based medicine to do systemic evaluation on the criteria of syndrome diagnosis; (3) they are important sectors of the study of standardization of syndrome diagnosis to enhance the objective studies on the four diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine, and to do the functional studies under the conduction of systems biology; (4) Both data excavation technology and computer intelligence are the important technique supporting this study.

Along with the changes of disease spectrum, medical models and health concept, people pay more and more attention to the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With the effect assessment being changed from disease-based model to patient-based model, how to scientifically and objectively explain the validity of TCM has become the premise for further development of TCM and dissemination of it throughout the world. In this article, the authors analyzed the status quo and problems of the effect assessment of TCM, and proposed some general methods for clinical effect assessment of TCM, including formulating criteria for syndrome differentiation under the guidance of TCM theories, paying attention to quality of life, proper selection of indexes for outcome assessment, application of modern clinical study methods, such as the methods of evidence-based medicine and clinical epidemiology, designing randomized controlled trials, multi-subject co-operation, strict supervision of the quality of researches, and establishment of organizations for professional training.

Cancers of the digestive system account for a large portion of malignant tumors in humans,and the trend is on the rise.The formation of neovascularization is the dominant factor in the metastasis of tumors.The vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is well documented as the most potent inducer of angiogenesis.It promotes the formation of new blood vessels in several aspects,such as proliferation of endothelial cells,endothelial cell migration and increased vascular permeability.So VEGF is regarded as an important factor in the development of digestive system tumors.The purpose of this review is to investigate the relationship between VEGF and digestive system tumors.

Objective To investigate the effects,mechanisms,and the optimum doses of Rosuvastatin and Losartan on expression of caveolin-1 in cultured human monocyte-macrophage cells which were induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL).Methods Human-monocyte cells were separated and changed into the human monocyte-macrophage cells.The model of amerosclerosis was set up.These cells were incubated in different doses of Rosuvastatin(0.1,1.0,5.0 μmol/L) and Losartan (10,50,100 μmol/L),and then cultured in combination of two drags (5.0 μmol/L + 100 μmol/L).Expression of caveolin-1 mRNA was determined with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results In ox-LDL group,caveolin-1 mRNA was decreased sharply relative to control group [(0.2533 ±0.00973) vs (0.9410 ±0.03677)] in a concentration-dependent manner (P ＜0.01).Compared to ox-LDL group,expressions of Caveolin-1 mRNA were increased gradually in different doses of Rosuvastatin alone and Losartan alone group [(0.5198 ± 0.04840),(0.6183 ± 0.06740),(0.7257 ± 0.03052) vs (0.2533 ± 0.00973) ; (0.3350 ± 0.04177),(0.4428 ± 0.03804),(0.6049 ± 0.02627) vs (0.2533 ± 0.00973)] in a concentration-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.01) ; the summit expressions of caveolin-1 mRNA were emerged in using Rosuvastatin and Losartan together (F =59.119,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Rosuvastatin and Losartan may be responsible for the expression of caveolin-1 in human monocyte-macrophage cells that were induced by ox-LDL.The expressions were up-regulated with dose dependent manner of these drugs,and got the crest stage when using optimum doses of Rosuvastatin and Losartan together.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of rosuvastatin on expression of liver X receptor(LXR) and caveolin-1 in cultured human monocyte-macrophage cells which induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL).Methods The human monocyte-macrophage cells were divided into six groups:control group,ox-LDL group,different doses of rosuvastatin group (0.01 μmol/L,0.1 μmol/L,1 μmol/L,5 μmol/L).The expression of LXR mRNA and caveolin-1 mRNA were assayed by RT-PCR.Results LXR mRNA expression induced by ox-LDL in the control group and ox-LDL group were 1.00 ± 0.02,0.26 ± 0.02,and the difference was significant (t =56.39,P ＜ 0.001).Meanwhile,caveolin-1 mRNA expression in ox-LDL is (0.27 ± 0.01) fold than that in control (t =31.27,P ＜ 0.001).Meanwhile,There were significant differences among ox-LDL group and the different doses of rosuvastatin group in terms of LXR mRNA and caveolin-1 mRNA expressions (F =72.154,66.007,P ＜ 0.001).Along with the increase the doses of rosuvastatin,there was an increased trends of LXR mRNA and caveolin-1 mRNA expressions (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Rosuvastatin and upregulated the LXR mRNA and caveolin-1 mRNA expressions in a dose dependent manner.

To study the distribution pattern of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in fatty liver disease.

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; physiopathology ; virology ; Male ; Metapneumovirus ; isolation & purification ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; isolation & purification

Background5-Nitro-2-(3-styrene-acrylic amine) benzoic acid ( NPPB),a chloride channel inhibitor,has a promoting effect on cell apoptosis in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion of domestic rabbit.The CIC chloride channel has been found in the ocular trabecular cells.However,the effect of NPPB on the shape and function of trabecular cells is unclear. Objective This study was performed to investigate the effect of NPPB on the proliferation,cell cycle progression and apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork cells.MethodsThe immortalized human trabcular cell strain was cultured,and logarithmic-phase cells were incubated in 96-well plates at a density of 1 ×106/ml.Different concentrations of NPPB (10,50,100 μ mol/L) were added to the medium,and the MTT assay was used to assess the growth and proliferation of the cells.Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle.Then,100 mg/L 5-FU or 100 mg/L 5-FU + 100 μmol/L NPPB was used to induce cell apoptosis,which was assessed by Annexin V-PI.The membrane potential of mitochondria was examined using rhodamine 123 (△ψm).Results After 48 hours of treatment with NPPB,the abosorbency (A value) of the cells was gradually lowered with the increasing dose of NPPB,with significant differences among the 4 groups (F =7.230,P =0.006).Compared with the 10 μmol/L NPPB group,the A values were significantly declined in the 50 and 100 μmol/L NPPB groups (t =1.610,P =0.025 ;t =12.270,P =0.001 ).Forty-eight hours after exposure to NPPB,the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was increased and that in the S phase was decreased.The percentages of cells in different phases of cell cycle were significantly different in comparison with their control groups (without NPPB)( P＜0.05 ).Twenty-four and 48 hours after the treatment with 100 mg/L 5-FU,the apoptosis rates of the cells were raised in the 100 mg/L 5-FU group and 100 mg/L 5-FU + 100 μmol/L NPPB group compared to the without NPPB group (t24h =2.130,P =0.023;t48h =4.810,P=0.011 ) ;while that in the 100 mg/L 5-FU+100 μmol/L NPPB group was higher than the 100 mg/L 5-FU group ( t24 h =1.980,P =0.037 ; t48 h =1.290,P =0.028 ),and the mitochondrial membrane potential was lowered ( t24h =1.580,P =0.029 ; F48 h =6.200,P =0.015 ).Conclusions NPPB suppresses the proliferation of human trabecular cells and promotes the cells to enter S phase via the G1/S check point.In addition,ClC might be involved in an anti-apoptosis mechanism through the internal mitochondrial pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship among 25-hydroxyvitamin D,serum calcium,calcium-sensing receptor,and breast cancer. Methods The expressions of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in primary breast cancer,breast benign tumors,and normal breast tissue beside tumors were determined by immunohistochemistry S-P method as well as the concentration of serum 25 (OH) D and serum calcium in breast cancer and breast benign tumors by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),Tribromoarsenazo Ⅲ method.ResultsSerum 25 (OH) D level of breast cancer was significantly lower than the breast benign tumors [ (34.13 ± 14.14) nmol/L vs (50.29 ± 25.65 ) nmol/L,t =2.870,P =0.001 ].Serum level of 25 ( OH ) D in lymph node metastasis positive patient was lower than that in negative group [ (30.8 ± 9.71 ) nmol/L vs (43.7 ± 23.59) nmol/L,t =2.467,P =0.021 ].The positive expression of CaSR in breast cancer(88.9％ )was higher than breast benign tumors(60％,x2 =6.717,P ＜ 0.01 ) and normal breast tissue beside tumors (60％,x2 =5.628,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsConcentration of serum 25 (OH)D and expression of calcium-sensing receptor in the tissues may be associated with occurrence,development and prognosis of breast cancer.