The present study was aimed at the optimal solution of the main muscular force distribution in the lower extremity during standing balance of human. The movement musculoskeletal system of lower extremity was simplified to a physical model with 3 joints and 9 muscles. Then on the basis of this model, an optimum mathematical model was built up to solve the problem of redundant muscle forces. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to calculate the single objective and multi-objective problem respectively. The numerical results indicated that the multi-objective optimization could be more reasonable to obtain the distribution and variation of the 9 muscular forces. Finally, the coordination of each muscle group during maintaining standing balance under the passive movement was qualitatively analyzed using the simulation results obtained.
Algorithms ; Gait ; Humans ; Joints ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Movement ; Muscles ; physiology ; Postural Balance

Objective To investigate the proliferative and apoptotic effects of phloretin on gastric cancer cell andthe possible mechanisms. Methods SGC-7901 were treated with different concentrations of phloretin(40,80,160 mg/L), and the cell morphological alterations were detected by using Hoechst33258 staining, cell activity were detected by MTT assay, cell apoptosis, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and intracellular calcium homeostasis were detected by flow cytometry.ResuIts After treated with different concentrations of phloretin at different times, SGC-7901 cell showed morphological alterations.Phloretin could inhibite the proliferation of SGC-7901 cell line, and induced its apoptosis in a dosage and duration dependent manner.Cell cycle was arrested at G1 phase, mitochondrial trans-membrane potential dropped, intracellular free Ca2 +increased.ConcIusion phloretin can induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 via arresting cell cycle progression, reducing mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and disturbing intracellular calcium homeostasis.

[Abstract ] Objective To investigate effect of phloretin on apoptotic of hepatoma carcinoma cells SMMC-7721, and explore its mechanisms.Methods Logarithmic phase of hepatoma carcinoma cells SMMC-7721 were cultured separately with 30, 60, 120 mg/L phloretin, morphological alterations of apoptotic were observed by phase contrast microscopy and AO/EB double fluorescence staining method was used to observe were low, medium and high concentration trentment group, respectively.the cells treated by phloretin.Apoptotic rates, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and intracellular calcium homeostasis were detected by flow cytometry.Results Cells appeared typical apoptosis morphological alterations.Phloretin induced SMMC-7721 cell line apoptosis in a dosage and duration dependent manner.Cell cycle was arrested at G1 phase, mitochondrial trans-membrane potential decreased, intracellular free Ca2 +increased.Conclusion Phloretin induce apoptosis of SMMC-7721 by affecting cell cycle progression, reducing mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and changing intracellular calcium homeostasis.

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine (PHCD) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)mRNA and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression in the lung tissue in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Sixty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) :control group (group C) , LPS group and P1-3 groups. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) LPS 8 mg/kg in LPS and P1-3 groups. PHCD 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg were given IP after LPS administration in P1-3 groups. The animals were anesthetized at 6 h after IP LPS. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations ( by ELISA) and then sacrificed, the lungs were immediately removed for determination of TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR), and microscopic examination. Results LPS significantly increased TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. PHCD 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase in TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and ILr6 concentrations.The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in P2 and P3 groups as compared with group LPS.Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and reducing the inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate proliferative and apoptotic effects of phloretin on hepatoma carcinoma cells, hepatoma carcinoma cells HepG-2 was used as research materials.Methods This research observed morphological alterations using phase contrast microscopy and electron microscopy, cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay, and using flow cytometry detected apoptotic rates, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and intracellular calcium homeostasis.ResuIts Apoptotic cells appeared morphological alterations.Phloretin exerted a inhibitory the proliferation of HepG-2 cell line, and induced its apoptosis in a dosage and duration dependent manner.Cell cycle was arrested at G1 phase, mitochondrial trans-membrane potential dropped, intracellular free Ca2 + increased.ConcIusion Phloretin can induce apoptosis of HepG-2 via arresting cell cycle progression, reducing mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and disturbing intracellular calcium homeostasis.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangiosarcoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; pathology ; Median Neuropathy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Melanoma ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the healing mechanism of the rabbit's selerotomy sites undergoing the transconjunctival su- tureless vitrectomy(TSV),and to compare the wound healing effect of the different surgery procedures.Design Experimental study. Participants New Zealand white rabbits.Methods Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups:the core vitrec- tomy and fluid-air exchange (Group A),the core vitrectomy (Group B),the non-core vitrectomy and fluid-fir exchange (Group C) and the non-core vitrectomy(Group D).Intraocular pressure(IOP)was measured on the day preoperatively and the day 1,3,5,7,14 postopera- tively with Tonopen tonometers.Sclerotomy sites were investigated with the ultrasound biomicroscope(UBM)on the day 1,5 and 9 postoperatively,and the internal and the external diameter of the wound was estimated on the day 1 postoperatively.The pathological sections of the sclerotomy sites on the day 3,5 and 9 postoperatively were observed under the light microscope.Main Outcome Mea- sures IOP,the internal and external diameter of the wound.Results The IOP of Group A was obviously higher than the other groups on the day 1 postoperatively (P

Objective To evaluate the toxicity of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide on the cornea,lens,ciliary body and retina in rabbit eyes. Methods Thirty-two gray rabbits were divided into four groups(n=8).The rabbits were intravitreally injected with buffered saline solution(control group),4 mg triamcinolone acetonide(group B),1.3 mg triamcinolone acetonide(group C) and vehicle(group D).Intraocular pressure,scotopic and photopic electroretinogram examinations were performed before injection and at different time points after injection.Histologic and ultrastructural changes were observed 1 week,1 month and 3 months after injection. Results Compared with the other groups,the intraocular pressure of group B was significantly increased on day 1,week 1 and week 2 after injection(P

Objective To compare the clinical effects of four kinds of gingival retraction technique in treat-ment of anterior teeth restoration.Methods 169 patients for 352 teeth with tooth body and tooth dentition defect by anterior crown bridge repair were chosen and divided into 4 group by patients'order,including A group(88cases)with single track method,B group(91cases)with single line for two times method,C group(89cases)with double line method and D group(94cases)with double line for two times method.And the fixed restoration satisfaction rate of anterior teeth of both groups was compared.Results The satisfaction rates of gums,shoulder,impression,model and restoration of A group were 73.9%,70.1%,69.3%,65.9%,61.4% respectively,which of B group were 83.5%, 80.2%,80.2%,80.2%,76.9%;which of C group were 84.3%,80.9%,78.7%,77.5%,76.4%;which of D group were 94.6%,93.6%,92.6%,92.6%,90.4%.There were no significant differences in the fixed restoration satisfaction rate of anterior teeth between B group and C group(χ2 =2.43,1.17,2.85,3.04,2.30,all P >0.05). The fixed restoration satisfaction rate of anterior teeth of D group were significantly better than A,B and C groups (χ2 =14.90,16.39,15.83,19.87,21.38,all P <0.05 ).Conclusion Double line for two times method in the treatment of anterior teeth restoration can efficiently avoid ree gingival damage in the situation with abutment shoulder preparation,improve the quality of preparation,impression and model,and are helpful to higher the fitness of the neck of anterior teeth fixed restorations.

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; etiology ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; complications ; Male ; Young Adult