At present, filtration surgery remains an important treatment of glaucoma, and filtering bleb fibrosis is the main cause for treatment failure. Filtering bleb fibrosis is a common fiber hyperplastic disease, and it relates to the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts and the excessive production of extracellular matrix ( ECM) such as collagen protein. The most frequently-used drugs for filtering bleb fibrosis in clinic are 5-fluoro-2,4 (1h, 3h) pyrimidinedione ( 5 - Fu ) and mitomycin ( MMC ) . Although they are effective in some degree, they also have some serious side effects which restrict their clinical use. Triptolide ( TPL) is a major active component of the medicinal plant, tripterygium wilfordii hook. f. ( TWHF) . TPL has multiple pharmacological activities including immunosuppressive, anti- inflammatory, anti- cancer and anti-fertility activity. Reviewing related literatures published in recent ten years, we confirmed that TPL seemed to possess a pharmacological activity in treating filtering bleb fibrosis. Since it has three major functions:1. inhibit the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts and the excessive production of collagen protein; 2. alleviate the inflammatory reaction after surgical wound to suppress fibrous scar formation; 3. TPL has a protective effect on retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ) . We further find that TPL's anti-fibrosis activity mainly results from that it inhibits TGF-β/Smad,NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway. This comprehensive analysis about the feasibility of Triptolide's role in treating filtering bleb fibrosis after the filtration surgery of glaucoma can help us develop new drugs for filtering bleb fibrosis and exploit TPL's clinical value on some level.

To investigate the dynamics of interleukin-21 (IL-21) cytokine in the Chinese HIV patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAAPT).Methods A total of 25 adults with chronic HIV infections,responding to combined highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) guideline criteria were enrolled for a 1-year follow-up.After signing an informed consent,20 mL blood was collected from each patient at the base line,6 month and 12 month,respectively.CD4 and CD8 cell count was quantified by flux cytometry,serum HIV RNA quantified by real time PCR and IL-21 concentrations by ELISA.Results IL-21 levels increased gradually during the follow-up but did not reach the healthy levels.IL-21 correlated positively with the CD4 cells but not with CD8 T cells.HIV RNA correlated negatively with CD4 cell count but did not show any relationship with the CD8 cells.Conclusion IL-21 has potential role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV,and might be an important factor in immune construction during HAART.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of fine needle aspiration cytopathology in the diagosis of lymphoma.Methods To compare cytopathology with histopathology of 72 lymphoma cases and analyse immunochemistry stain of 3 cases.Results 61 of 72 cases were diagnosised as lymphoma in cytopathology,while 58 of 61 cases were diagnosised as lymphoma in histopathology.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value rates of cytopathology were 89.2 ％ (58/65),57.1％ (4/7),86.1％ (62/72),95.1％ (58/61),and 36.4 ％ (4/11) respectively.Conclusion Fine needle aspiration cytopathology is significant to the diagnosis of lymphoma.It should greatly improve the accuracy of lymphoma diagnosis and make it possible to subclassify lymphoma,combined cytopathology with other auxilary detection.

Our study investigated the neurotoxicity of quinolinic acid (QA) to spiral ganglion cells (SGCs), observed the protective effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 and magnesium ions on the QA-induced injury to SGCs, and analyzed the role of QA in otitis media with effusion (OME)-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). After culture in vitro for 72 h, SGCs were exposed to different media and divided into 4 groups: the blank control group, the QA injury group, the MK-801 treatment group, and the MgCl(2) protection group. The apoptosis rate of SGCs was analyzed by Annexin V and PI double staining under the fluorescence microscopy 24 h later. SGCs were cultured in vitro for 72 h and divided into four groups: the low concentration QA group, the high concentration QA group, the MK-801 group, the MgCl(2) group. The transient changes of intracellular calcium concentration were observed by the laser scanning confocal microscopy. Apoptosis rate in QA injury group was higher than that in blank control group and MgCl(2) protection group (both P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between MK-801 treatment group and blank control group (P>0.05). In high concentration QA group, there was an obvious increase of the intracellular calcium concentration in SGCs, which didn't present in low concentration QA group. In MgCl(2) group, the peak values of the intracellular calcium concentration in SGCs were reduced and the duration was shortened, but the intracellular calcium concentration in SGCs had no significant change in MK-801 group. It was concluded that QA could injure SGCs by excessively activating NMDA receptors on the cell membrane, which might be the mechanism by which OME induced SNHL, while Mg(2+) could protect the SCGs from the neurotoxicity of QA.

After the reform from "4+1" to "3+2",an undergraduate teaching model of clinical medicine,has been implemented in our university,higher demands are set on the training of students' abilities and creativity.This paper explored the basic medicine teaching from the perspectives of creative concepts,teaching staff,curriculum design and practice.

Objective To investigate the application effect of evidence-based nursing and individual nurs-ing in pregnancy patients with lupus nephritis. Methods Sixty-five patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group. They were treated with routine care and evidence-based nursing respectively. The complications, pregnancy outcome and satisfaction of patients were compared between the two groups. Results There were not significant difference in renal failure , pregnancy induced hypertension , ecalampsia , heart failure , HELLP syndrome and other complications between observation group and normal group (P > 0.05). The pregnan-cy outcome had no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). In observation group, the health score was significantly higher than that of control group(P < 0.05). The mental health score in control group was sig-nificantly higher than that of observation group (P < 0.05). There werenot significant difference in social health and overall health score between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The application of evidence-based nursing and individual nursing in pregnancy patients with LN not only reduce the incidence of complications , but also reduce the chance of premature birth, stillbirth. And it could improve the cognition on the nursing work of this disease and the satisfaction of patients. But individual nursing is better in improving the patient′s mental health, while the evidence-based nursing is better in improving the health status.

Objective To establish a sensitive,specific,simple and high-throughput method for detection of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in the plasma samples of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS) by the use of mutant-enriched liquid chip (MEL) assay.Methods The specific probes for the EGFR exon19 E746-750 deletion,exon 21 L858R mutation and wild-type sequence were designed and coupled to the microspheres coding with different fluorescent dye.The probe coupling efficiency was verified by crossing hybridization test with biotin-labeled reverse sequence.A blood-based MEL approach which integrates a sensitive mutant-enriched PCR and quantitative high throughput liquid chip assay for assessment of EGFR mutations was developed.The sensitivity and specificity of MEL was further evaluated using the mixture with different copy numbers of mutant and wild-type plasmids as template.The mutations of exon 19 and 21 of EGFR gene in plasma samples from 201 patients with stage ⅢB or Ⅳ NSCLC who enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College from September 2008 to April 2010 were analyzed by both the MEL and the mutant-enriched PCR assay.The result comparison was made between direct sequencing and MEL in 50 cases whose EGFR gene type had been tested by MEL and mutantenriched PCR.The correlation of EGFR gene mutation and the response to the Geftinib treatment was analyzed in 16 patients with lung adenocarcinoma as well.Results The probes were successfully coupled to the microspheres encoding with different fluorescent dye,and could be specifically recognized by the corresponding target sequence.The MEL was capable of detecting as few as 10 copies of EGFR mutants (sensitivity was 0.1％).Among the enrolled 201 cases of advanced NSCLC,the detection rate of the EGFR exon19 E746-750 del and exon 21 L858R was 55.7％ (112/201) by MEL assay.Conpared with mutantenriched PCR[58.2％ (117/201)],the coincidence rate was 97.5％ (196/201).There was no statistically significant difference between the results of mutant-enriched PCR and MEL (x2 =3.20,P ＞ 0.05).The mutations detection rate was 22.0％ (11/50) by directing sequencing,which was significantly lower than by MEL[50.0％ (25/50),x2 =12.07,P ＜ 0.05].Among the 16 patients treated with Gefitinib,9 cases who had EGFR mutation showed a higher response rate(P =0.041)and prolonged progression-free survival (x2 =6.76,P =0.009) after the treatment compared to those 7 who without EGFR mutation.Conclusions A new method of MEL with accuracy,specificity,fast and high-throughput is established for the detection of EGFR 19 E746-750 deletion and exon 21 L858R mutations in plasma from advanced NSCLC patients.It has the ability to provide the most direct and valuable guidance for clinicians to make decision on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy in the advanced NSCLC paticnts.

Objective To study the expression of interleukin (IL-17A) in primary liver cancer (PHC) tissue and its clinical significance.Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry was performed respectively to detect the expression of IL-17A mRNA and CD34 in tumor tissues from 37 patients with PHC.Murine H22 cells cultured in vitro were exposed to IL-17A at different dosages (0.1,0.5,1.0,5.0,10,50,100,500,1000 ng/ml) and the cell proliferation was assayed by MTT.IL-17A was administered to the mice transplanted with H22 cancer cells via caudal vein and the tumor volume was measured by vernier caliper.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the CD31 expression in H22 cancer tissues.Results IL-17A mRNA was detected in 26 of the 37 samples of primary liver cancer.The microvessel densities in IL-17A-positive samples and IL-17A-negative samples were 66.6 ± 2.5 and 26.7--2.5,respectively.The difference between two groups was significant (P＜0.01).The proliferation of H22 cells exposed to various dosages of IL-17A was not different (P＞0.05).The volume of murine tumor tissue in animals treated with IL-17A was (843.6± 90.9) mm3 and in untreated animals was (198.7±24.4) mm3 (P＜0.01).The microvessel density in treated group and control group was 71.9± 6.8 and 33.3 ± 2.9,respectively (P＜0.01).Conclusions The expression of IL-17A could be detected in a considerable proportion of primary liver cancers and correlated with angiogenesis.Exogenous IL-17A could not accelerate H22 cell proliferation in vitro but in vivo probably via enhancing angiogenesis.

Objective To treat scalp lacerations by using the hair apposition technique (HAT) and to compare the HAT with standard suturing in a controlled prospective trial. Method Fifty patients with scalp lacerations were treated either by HAT or by standard suturing. Two groups were evaluated in consumed times for operation, pain sores, and complications. Results There were 30 HAT patients and 20 patients treated with suturing. The took shorter operation time consumed[(3.33 vs. (6.05 t = 4.85.P < 0.01], and HAT produced significantly lower pain score [(1.73vs. (3.20t = 4.01,P < 0.01]. There was a trend that more and more patients were willing to have HAT performed. Conclusions The advantages of HAT include a shorter time consumed for operation, less pain, satisfactory wound healing, and high acceptance by patients. HAT is acceptable for treating scalp lacerations in emergency room.