The risk factors of traffic crash include drinking/drunk drive, accident proneness, fatigue driving, speeding, and poor vehicle quality. This article introduces the protection, emergency treatment, and basic scientific research of road traffic injury (RTI). As a public health issue, RTI is preventable, and personal factor is a key problem. It is important to establish an accurate and comprehensive RTI database, which may provide necessary information for the epidemiological research and crash prevention. The author also gives some suggestions on road traffic safety development in our country.
Accidents, Traffic ; prevention & control ; Databases, Factual ; Epidemiologic Research Design ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; prevention & control ; therapy

Disaster Medicine ; Earthquakes ; Emergency Medicine ; General Surgery ; Humans ; Relief Work ; Wounds and Injuries ; surgery

Accidents, Traffic ; prevention & control ; Global Health ; Humans ; World Health Organization

In the recent years,the earthquake occured frequently in the whole world which caused the increased incidence of crush syndrome (CS). The four limbs and torso will be bleeding and swelling when they are prounded and crushed from the heavy objects. The necrosis of muscular tissue causes massive production of toxin which leads to a series of symptoms including hypotension ,kidney dysfunction and so on. The serious acute kidney injury (AKI) will be vital. When CS-AKI ,the ascending velocity of urea nitrogen and K+ levels in the blood is quicker than those of general AKI;many kinds of immune cells are activated to engender a great deal of inflammatory mediators;the blood dynamics is often unstable. Therefore, it is advocated that the blood purification treatment should be carried early to eliminate excessive metabolic produces in vivo,to reduce the cardiovascular complication occurrence, and to avoid the irreversible change of the kidney function.

Humans ; Physicians ; organization & administration

C. Conclusion Adequate hemodilution can attenuate the lung injury induced by I/R. The protective effect is better if hemodilution is performed before I/R.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between inorganic ingredients (Ca, P and F) concentration of plaque residues in the primary teeth and caries status, sugar exposure frequency.

METHODSSubjects were 93 of 3-5 years old children living in Beijing area. According to their caries status, they were classified into two groups: Severe early childhood caries(S-ECC) group and caries free(CF) group. Plaque samples were collected from subjects respectively. Ca, P and F concentration of plaque residues was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, spectrophotometer and fluoride electrode respectively. The information of daily sugar exposure frequency of children was obtained from a standardized questionnaire filled by their parents. The relationship between inorganic ingredients (Ca, P and F) concentration of plaque residues and daily sugar exposure frequency was analyzed and the relationship between inorganic ingredients (Ca, P and F) concentration of plaque residues and caries status in the S-ECC group was also analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean values for Ca, P and F concentration of plaque residues were lower in the S-ECC group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The daily sugar exposure frequency in the S-ECC group was higher than that in the CF group. There were no relationships between Ca, P and F concentration of plaque residues and caries status (dmft, dmfs), sugar exposure frequency in the primary dentition.

CONCLUSIONPlaque residues from CF subjects did not contain a greater pool of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and fluoride ions than that from S-ECC subjects.

Calcium ; Carbohydrates ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries ; Dental Caries Susceptibility ; Dental Plaque ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Phosphates ; Tooth, Deciduous

Disasters ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; therapy

Objective To investigate the protective efficacy of anisodamine against heart injury after ischemia reperfusion in patients with right coronary artery acute myocardial infarction during percutaneous coronary intervention,and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods Totally 80cases with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEAMI) were received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).All patients were randomly divided into 2 groups:anisodamine group (40 cases),5 mg anisodamine was administered when the blood flow recovery after the balloon extension,and control group (40 cases) received saline. The rhythm and rate of heart were observed through the electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor in 30 min after the blood flow recovery.The pressure of aorta were observed through the pressure sensor connected to aorta through catheter.TIMI flow grade (TFG)and corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) were used to evaluate coronary flow during PCI.Electrocardiography was performed to analysis ST segment resolution 30 min and 24 h after PCI.Venous blood was obtained before and 30 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,24 h and 48 h after PCI to test the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD),malonyldialdehyde (MDA),creatine kinase isozymes (CKMB) and cardiac troponin I(cTNI) in plasma. Results There were 20 cases(50.0％)of sinus bradycardia,7cases(17.5 ％) of high degree atrioventricular block (AVB),20 cases (50.0 ％ )of frequent ventricular premature,14 cases (35.0％) of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 5 cases (12.5％) of ventricular fibrillation,19 cases(47.5 ％) of hypotension,3 cases (7.5 ％)of no-reflow phenomenon in anisodamine group which were lower than control group,31 cases (77.5％)of sinus bradycardia,14 cases(35.0％) of high degree AVB,17 cases(72.5％) of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,8 cases (42.5％) of ventricular fibrillation,30 cases (75.0％) of hypotension,6 cases of no-reflow phenomenon (P＜0.05).There were more ST fall＞50％ after rise in anisodamine group than control group after PCI 30 min,but no difference was found after 24 h. The CKMB and cTNI peak value occurred earlier in anisodamine group than control group (P＜0.05).The level of SOD was increased,MDA decreased in anisodamine group compared with control group after PCI 30 min and 24 h (both P＜0.05). Conclusions The use of anisodamine as the blood flow recovery after the balloon extension can reduce no-reflow phenomenon,various of arrhythmia and hypotension during PCI.The underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of oxygen radicals and the improvement of microcirculation.

BACKGROUND: Cytokine abnormality, nerve function abnormality and hormone levels may contribute to osteoporosis occurrence following spinal cord injury (SCI), many papers are about cytokine and hormone, but fewer is related to abnormal nerve function on bone accommodation.OBJECTIVE: To innovatively apply blood biochemistry and immunohistochemistry on the observation of change of calcitonin gene-related peptide distributing in trabecular bone of SCI rats, and to analyze its significance in the osteoporosis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized control animal trials were performed from September 2008 to December 2008 at the laboratory of Orthopedic Institute in the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA,MATERIALS: Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats aged 3 months, weighing (210:1:16) g, were divided into SCI group and control group equally. METHODS: Rats in the SCI group underwent spinal cord transection at the tenth thoracic vertebrae. Control rats underwent laminectomy without any spinal cord lesion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Each 8 rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6 weeks postoperatively. The serum concentrations of bone-specific alkaline phosphotase and serum cross-linked N-telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen were determined. The stain intensity of calcitonin gene-related peptide in trabacular bone was determined with use of quantitative immunohistochemistry technique and computer image analysis system.RESULTS: The cross-linked N-telopeptida of type Ⅰ collagen significantly increased in SCI group at defferent interval compared with control group (P <0.05 or 0.01 ), serum concentrations of bone-specific alkaline phosphotase was lower than control group,without significant difference (P > 0.05). Immunoreactivity of calcitonin gene-related peptide in trabecular bone was strongly positive in control group, while weakened in SCI group (P < 0.05 or 0.01).CONCLUSION: Reduced calcitonin gene-related peptide in trabecular bone of SCI rats may be related to the occurrence of osteoporosis following SCI.