Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Electromagnetic Fields

Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Cell Cycle ; radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Gene Expression ; radiation effects ; Mutation ; radiation effects ; Recombination, Genetic ; radiation effects ; Yeasts ; cytology ; genetics ; radiation effects

Objective To investigate the characteristics of lymph nodes metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to discuss surgical approach.Methods All patients underwent total thyroidectomy,central lymph nodes and lateral lymph nodes dissection in Department of Thyroid Surgery,the First Hospital of the Jilin University,from Dec.2011 to Dec.2012.Results With the increase of the number of positive central lymph nodes,lateral cervical lymph node metastasis rate increased as well and accompanied multi region metastasis trend.In 102 cases of lateral positive cervical lymph node patients,55 cases were in level Ⅱ,accounting for 53.92％,62 cases were in level Ⅲ,accounting for 60.78％,76 cases were in level Ⅳ,accounting for 74.51％,and 17 cases were in level V,accounting for 16.67％.In lateral lymph nodes metastasis,we found level Ⅳ was the most vulnerable area,followed by level Ⅲ,level Ⅱ and level Ⅴ.Conclusions Prophylactic central lymph node dissection should be performed in PTC patients.Patients with central lymph node metastasis especially with the number of positive lymph nodes ＞ 3 should be performed ipsilateral level Ⅱ-Ⅴ lymph node dissection.

Objective To compare the safety and effect of the phacoemulsification (PHACO) versus extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) in patients with intumescent senile cataract.Methods 200 eyes from patients with intumescent cataract were included and randomly divided into 2 groups:PE group (108 eyes,received PHACO) and ECCE group (92 eyes,received small incision ECCE) respectively.Superior quadrant sclera tunnel incisions were made with stabs of 2.8 mm diameters.Trypan-blue was used to show the anterior lens capsular membrane.In the PHACO group,a 4 mm diameters continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) was made,which was enlarged to 6-7 mm after the intraocular lenses (IOL) implantation.For the ECCE group,a 8 mm-diameter CCC was made.Then the lens nucleus was either phacoemulsificated or delivered and IOL was implanted.The complications during and after surgery and the visual outcomes were recorded and statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results Age,sex and the hardness of the nucleus were comparable between the two groups.The best corrected vision acuity (BCVA) was 0.05 and worse in all patients before surgery.While 3 days after operation,in PE group,105 eyes (97.2％,105/108) gained postoperative vision 0.05 and better,and 82 of them were better than 0.3; in group ECCE,97.2％ (89/92) of the operated eyes gained vision 0.05 and better,72 (78.3％,72/92) eyes were better than 0.3.No statistical differences were found between the two groups in postoperative vision recovery.While,there were more failure rates of the CCC,tear of the anterior and posterior capsular,loss of the vitreous and iris injury rate in the ECCE group than in the PE group (20.7％ vs.8.3％,17.4％ vs.12.0％,7.6％ vs.0.9％,15.2％ vs.0％,P=0.01,P=0.00,P=0.02,P＜ 0.001).Prolapse of iris and discoria were found in ECCE group.Conclusions With small CCC,phacoemulsification can lead to better surgical outcomes than small incision ECCE procedures,and the operative and post-operative complications are less in PE group than in ECCE group.

Objective To compare the cervical intervertebral movements produced by posteroanterior cervical mobilization and posteroanterior cervical mobilization combined with cervical traction by using the radiographic measurement.Methods The study recruited 12 normal volunteers (6 men,6 women),aged 18 to 25 years (22.9±4.7 years),heighted (164± 7)cm and weighed (54.7 ± 7.6)kg.All the subjects were administered with posteroanterior cervical mobilization followed by posteroanterior cervical mobilization while having cervical traction,or vice versa,with an interval of 2 days in between.The X-ray films were collected before and after the treatment,using 4 static cervical lateral views.The axial displacement of posterior and anterior intervertebral separation (IVS),and the shear displacement of vertebral body as well as the rotation and displacement rate of the motion segments in the sagittal plane before and after the treatment were measured on the radiographic images and compared.Results It was shown that the posteroanterior cervical mobilization produced greater C2-C7 rotation range of motion in the sagittal plane,as compared to that by the posteroanterior mobilization while having cervical traction (P ＜ 0.05).The posteroanterior mobilization produced a significantly greater increase of anterior IVS of the C5 segment and the summation of C2-C7 posterior IVS than those by posteroanterior mobilization while having cervical traction (P ＜ 0.05).However,the posterior IVS and the posterior zygapophysial joints separation of C2-C7 produced by the posteroanterior mobilization during traction were more prominent (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference between anteroposterior displacements of the vertebral body produced by the two interventions.Comparing with the baseline,the posteroanterior mobilization caused posterior movement of the vertebral bodies of C5 to C2,while the posteroanterior cervical mobilization during traction produced posterior movement of C5 to C2 vertebral bodies and anterior movement of C6 body.Conclusion The cervical posteroanterior mobilization significantly increased the lordosis from C3 to C7,and reduced posterior IVS and zygapophysial joints separation.However,the posteroanterior mobilization during traction changed the intervertebral movements.

Objective:To study the relation between the distribution ofapolipoprotein E(apoE)genotypes and cognitive impairment onset in long lived elderly in Bama area in Guangxi in china.Methods:A total of 112 long lived elderly aged 90 years old and over were collected and tested with MMSE to inspect their cognitive function,and they were classified into cognition impaired group and non-impaired group according to MMSE scores.We determined the AopE genotypes by way of PCR-RFLP technique,and compared the differences of AopE allele and genotype of the two groups.Result:The cognitive disfunction was found to be 14.29% in long lived elderly in Bama area.The ApoE ? 3/? 3 genotypes have highest frequency in long-lived elderly,next is ?2/3,and ?4/4 is lowest frequency.There were significant differences of ? 4 allele frequencies between cognition impaired group and non-impaired group(P

Objective To introduce the therapeutic measure of preventing the first web contracture after hand crush injury in early stage. Methods Three types were divided according to the traumatic condition in 57 cases: closed injury, open injury and with blood vessel of thumb or fingers injury, and used different method such as closing injury postpone, opening the first web by kischner wire or mini-external fixation splint and covered by local or island flap to cure each type in primary and early stage, after 6 months, measured the width and angle of the first web. Results Forty-one cases were followed-up after 3 months - 2 years,abduction and opposition of the thumbs were fine, the average of width and angle of the first web were (5.89 ± 0.58)cm and (87.85 ± 6.03)°. Conclusion The key points of preventing the first web contracture after crush injury are opening the first web that being covered by local flap and to use splint in primary stage.

OBJECTIVETo study on the original meanings of "reinforcement can be achieved by slow-yet-rapid needling, and rapid-yet-slow needling weakens evil-qi", one of important bases of reinforcing-reducing in acupuncture.

METHODSUsing the principle of knowledge archaeology and through structure an d through structure analysis on the subjects described by "slow" and "rapid" and the papers appearing the words, the meanings of this sentence are re-discriminated.

CONCLUSION"Slow-rapid" prescribed in the reinforcing-reducing needling method in Huangdi's Internal Classic includes 3 subjects: pulse condition, needle-retained time, and velocity of withdrawing the needle. The "slow-rapid" in "reinforcement can be achieved by slow-yet-rapid needling, and rapid-yet-slow needling weakens evil-qi" should be pulse condition, but was not needling method, which means that the pulse changes from slow to rapid, marked by transformation of channels from deficiency to excess; the transform of the pulse from rapid to slow means that the channel transforms from excess to deficiency.

Background Selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)has been widely accepted for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.However,there are few reports about its application in treating angle-closure glaucoma so far.Objective This study was to clinically evaluate the safety and efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty for primary angle-closure glaucoma with opened anterior angle follow-up surgery.Methods A case-observational design was adopted in this study.A total of 33 eyes from 23 angle-closure glaucomatous patients with opened 180° angle were enrolled.All the patients understood this trial and written informed consent was obtained prior to the medical treatment.The average preoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)and number of medication were(23.07±4.01)mmHg and 1.52±0.66,respectively.A frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to irradiate the trabecular meshwork with 70-80 laser spots over 180°.The same preoperative anti-glaucoma drugs were topically administered during the follow-up period.Visual acuity,IOP,slit lamp examination,gonioscopy and the coefficient of outflow facility were regularly assessed and performed after laser surgery.Results The IOP values of the 33 eyes were(18.78±4.87)mmHg,(18.83±3.95)mmHg,(19.78±4.48)mmHg,(19.63±3.68)mmHg,(19.11±3.36)mmHg,and(21.17±3.14)mmHg 1 day,l week,and 1,3,6,9 months after operation,showing significant decline in comparison with preoperation(P＜0.01).The mean drug uses were 1.63±0.85,1.23±1.01,1.25±0.98,1.21±1.02,1.22±0.86,and 1.69±0.53 at the same time point after operation,respectively,and significant differences were found 1 week,1,3,6 months in postoperation in comparison with preoperation(P =0.020,0.026,0.020,0.031).Ciliary congestion and aqueous flare naturally disappeared 1 week after surgery.The coefficients of outflow facility were 0.11±0.09 and 0.23±0.15,respectively at pretreatment and 3 months after SLT with a statistically significant difference (P=0.002).Conclusions Selective laser trabeculoplasty is effective and safe for angle-closure glaucoma.However,it is essential to have 1/2 circle of anterior chamber open for SLT in angle-closure glaucoma.

Background The mechanism of both selenite-induced cataract and age-related cataract is oxidative damage.N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is one of the effective antioxidants,but the literature is little about the preventive and treating effects of NAC on cataract. Objective This study attempted to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effects of NAC on the selenite-induced cataract,and to discuss the possible mechanism. Methods Sixty 10-day-old clean SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group-1,normal control group-2,selenite-induced cataract group,NAC preventive group,NAC+normal saline group and NAC treatment group.Selenite cataract models were induced by subcutaneous injection of 3.46 mg/kg sodium selenite once daily for three days.The rats of NAC preventive group received the intraperitoneal injection of 2 mmol/L NAC 30 minutes before the injection of sodium selenite once daily for 6 days.In NAC treating group,2 mmol/L NAC was intraperitoneally injected 1 day after the injection of sodium selenite for 30 days,and the normal saline solution was injected at the same method in the NAC+normal saline group.Lens opacification was graded according to LOCS Ⅲ criteria.Histopathological change of lens epithelium was examined under a light microscope after hemotoxylin and eosin staining,and the ultrastructure was observed under the scanning electron microscope.The expression of caspase-3 in lens was assayed using immunochemistry.The levels of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ),malonaldehyde ( MDA ) in rat lens were detected respectively in corresponding time points.The use of the experimental animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Committee. Results In 7 days after experiment,lenses were completely clear in the normal control group.Lens opacification of Ⅴ grade was found in 11 eyes in selenite cataract model group,but no lens opacification of Ⅴ grade was seen in NAC preventive group,showing a significant difference(x2 =40.000,P＜0.05 ).In 30 days after experiment,Ⅳ- Ⅴ grades of cataracts were found in 20 eyes both in NAC + normal saline group and NAC treating group (x2=0.153,P＞ 0.05 ).Histopathological examination showed that lens structure was normal,and the separation between LECs and anterior capsule,the rupture of cellular membrane,deformation of cellular nuclei and the feature of lens fiber were seen in selenite cataract group,but the damage of lens was mild in the NAC preventive group.Ultrastructure of lens was obviously abnormal in selenite cataract group,NAC+normal saline group and NAC treating group.Expressions of caspase-3 and SOD in lens were significantly lower,but that of MDA was significantly higher in the selenite cataract group than the normal control group (P＜0.05) ;while those of the NAC preventive group were significantly different from selenite cataract group(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in the expressions of caspase-3 and the levels of SOD and MDA between NAC+normal saline group and NAC treating group (P＞0.05 ). Conclusions Selenite can induce the apoptosis of LECs.NAC can evidently postpone formation of selenite cataract by increasing the activity of SOD,decreasing the level of MDA and the expression of caspase-3.However,NAC could not reverse selenite-induced lens damage.