Objective To evaluate long-term changes in health-related quality of life (QOL) of patients with local advanced prostate cancer after intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) combined with androgen deprivation therapy.Methods The patients who met the criteria for this study were enrolled and were treated with IMRT combined with androgen deprivation.The total dose of radiation was 68.2Gy(2.2Gy per fraction).QOL was evaluated before and 3,12,36,48 and 60 months after treatment using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite(EPIC),a validated tool that assesses four primary domains (urinary,bowel,sexual and hormonal).Results From 2002 to 2007,87 patients were enrolled.At each follow-up time point,the number of cases was 87,87,86,81,75,65,56 and 47,respectively.The median follow-up time was 76.8 months.Compared with baseline assessment,all of four domain scores were declined in follow-up assessments.The mean score of urinary,bowel and hormonal domains were significantly reduced.At 3 months after treatment,the scores of bowel domain were lowest,in which the total,function and symptom scores were 75.7,78.4 and 72.8,respectively.However,there was no statistically significant difference in the mean sexual domain score.The mean change scores in urinary incontinence and obstructive were-13.0±8.3 and-6.12±3.9,respectively.Conclusions IMRT combined with androgen deprivation therapy was well tolerated in patients with local advanced prostate cancer.QOL was decreased in urinary,bowel and hormonal toxicity,most of which could be tolerated in five years.

Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Isoforms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

This paper deals with research and manufacture processes of the 8 millimeter wave therapeu- tic apparatus,the application to the clinical treatment for gastric and duodenal ulcer.

OBJECTIVEThis paper is to explore the relationships between the occurrence of structural birth defects and environmental risk factors on birth defects.

METHODSA survey was conducted by using a population-based case control study. A total number of 388 structural birth defects, which were detected after 28 weeks' gestational age to 7th day after birth in various hospitals were recruited in Wuxi from 2002 to 2004. The control group consisted of 1607 normal live births born in the same period. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze relationships between environmental risk factors and occurrence of structural birth defects after controlling women's education level and childbearing age.

RESULTSAmong those factors which affected birth defects, the exposure to toxic substances in working environment was the highest risk factor, with OR value as 5.37 (95 % CI : 3.60-7.99). Suffering from reproductive tract infections, high fever during first trimester gestation, and taking potential teratogenic drugs such as hypnotics and anti-convulsion drug agents, might significantly increase the risk of structural birth defects, with OR values (95% CI) as 3.38 (1.33-8.56), 3.57 (1.73-7.37) and 2.75 (1.57-4.83) respectively. However, the correlation between oral contraceptives intake within six months before pregnancy and risk of birth defects had no statistical significance. In addition, pollution of the residential environment, staying up all night and raising pets at home, had relatively lower association with birth defects, with OR values (95% CI) as 2.28 (1.75-2.98), 1.96 (1.21-3.18) and 2.50 (1.66-3.76) respectively, yet with a higher proportion of exposure to those factors in pregnant women. There was a significant increase in occurrence risks of birth defects with increase in the number of exposure to environmental risk factors. OR values for having one, two, three kinds of environmental risk factors were 1.60, 4.32 and 10.23 respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe common structural birth defects were affected by a number of environmental risk factors. There was also a dose-response relationship between the number of environmental risk factors and occurrence risks of structural birth defects noticed in our study.

Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; Congenital Abnormalities ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo establish a method to test citrinin (CIT) in monascus products by immuno-affinity chromatography (IAC)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and to detect the content of CIT in monascus products in Fujian province.

METHODSIAC-HPLC was applied to detect the CIT content in monascus products. The conditions to use HPLC were as follows: C(18) reversed-phase chromatographic column, 150.0 mm×4.6mm×3 µm; mobile phase: the volume ratio of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution at 65:35; isocratic elution; column temperature: 28°C; flow velocity: 0.8 ml/min; fluorescence detector, excitation wavelength (λ(ex)) was 331 nm and emission wavelength (λ(em)) was 500 nm. The standard curved was established by the linear regression of peak area (Y) to CIT content (X, ng/ml). The accuracy and precision of the method would then be verified. And 32 kinds of monascus products were determined and their color values were compared by this method.

RESULTThe standard curve established in this study was Y = 4634.8X-136.42, r = 1.000; whose limits of detection was 20 µg/kg and the limits of qualification was 64 µg/kg. In the range between 200 and 800 µg/kg, the standard recovery rate was 98.9% - 110.0% (n = 3), and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.51% - 1.76%. Out of the 32 samples, CIT was detected from 11 samples of monascus rice, 9 samples of monascus powder and 5 samples of monascus pigments, the content was around 0.212 - 14.500 mg/kg. 4 out of 7 functional monascus samples were detected out CIT, whose content at 0.142 - 0.275 mg/kg.

CONCLUSIONThe method to detect CIT in monascus products by IAC-HPLC has been established.

Chromatography, Affinity ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Citrinin ; analysis ; Drug Contamination ; Monascus

To introduce the application of Family-Based Association Test (FBAT) in detecting the association or linkage between marker alleles and phenotype or traits in genetic epidemiology. A brief overview on basic steps involved in design, implementation, principles of application, available software as well as the use and feature of FBAT method, were explained based on data from nuclear family. Advantages of FBAT were compared to conventional genetic statistics approaches. Data showed that this approach might make the most use of parental genotype,genotype of affected offspring and their phenotype to test the association between biallelic or multi-allelic markers, phenotype or traits to their conditional distributions given the minimal sufficient statistics under the null hypothesis for the genetic model. Covariates, such as traits or environmental exposures, might be included into this proudure so as to effectively control the bias of population admixture through adjustment of variables. FBAT could be used for genetic analysis with data from nuclear family since it is more advantageous than the conventional statistical methods.

Objective To analyze the local control rate and the desimetric patterns of local recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)patients having been treated with standardized conventional radiotherapy and to evaluate the delineation of rational target volume.Methods From Jan.2000 to Dec.2000,476 patients with untreated NPC were treated by standardized conventional radiotherapy alone at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.The radiation ports were designed on a X-ray simulator.The nasopharyngeal lesion demonstrated by CT scan and the subclinical spread regions adjacent to the nasopharynx were defined as the target volume.Kaplan- Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative local recurrence rate.For patients with locad recurrence,the primary and recurrent local tumor volumes(V_(nx),V_(recur))were delineated with three-dimensional treatment planning system(3DTPS),and the dataset of radiation ports and delivered prescription dose to the 3DTPS were transferred according to the first treatment.The dose of radiation received by V_(recur)was calculated and analyzed with dose- volume histogram(DVH).Local recurrence was classified as:1.“in-port”with 95% or mere of the recurrence volume((recur)_V_(95))was within the 95% isedase;2.“marginal”with 20% to95% of _(recur)V_(95)within the 95% isedese; 3.“outside”with only less than 20% of _(recur)_V_(95)within the 95% isodose curve.Results With the median follow- up of 42.5 months(range 8～54 months),52 patients developed local recurrence.The 1-,2-,3 and 4-year cumulative local failure rate was 0.6%,3.9%,8.7% and 11.5%,respectively.Among the 42 local recurrent patients who could be analyzed by 3DTPS,52% were in-port,40% were marginal and 7% were outside.For most of the marginal recurrence and all the outside recurrence patients,the main reason of recurrence were related to the unreasonable design of the radiation port and inaccuracy in the interpretation image findings.Conclusions The outcome of better local control rate and the dosimetric pattern of local recurrence show that the target volume is reasonable for NPC in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.Enhancing the capability of correct interpretation of images,accurate design of the radiation pouts and making most useful molecular or functional imaging techniques to escalate the local radiation dose are promising ways to improve the local control further and better.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)in patients with autoimmune diseases.Methods The data from 12 patients with autoimmune diseases who were hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital because of developing PCP were retrospectively reviewed.Clinical characteristics and T cell subsets in the peripheral blood were analyzed.Results The main clinical manifestations of these 12 patients were fever(12/12),cough(9/ 12),expectoration(9/12)and obvious dyspnea(12/12),which were progressive.Blood gas analysis presented with typeⅠrespiratory failure.Bilateral interstitial and alveolar infiltrates were observed in chest X-ray film.The counts of peripheral blood lymphocytes(0.44?0.31)?10~9/L,CD4~+ T-lymphocytes (0.120?0.079)?10~9/L and CD8~+ T-lymphocytes were(0.248?0.252)?10~9/L decreased significantly and the CD4/CD8 ratio reversed,which were significantly different from those of healthy person(P

AIM: To investigate the visual recovery and complications in patients with traumatic cataract treated by intraocular lens Ⅰ phase implantation and Ⅱ phase implantation.?METHODS: Totally 86 patients with traumatic cataract (86 eyes) treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled in the retrospective study, and they were divided into the control group ( treated by intraocular lens Ⅰ phase implantation, 46 eyes) and the observation group ( treated by intraocular lens Ⅱ phase implantation, 40 eyes). The general situation of surgery, the visual recovery at 6mo after operation and the incidence rate of complications in two groups were observed.?RESULTS: There were no significant differences in surgical time, intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time between the two groups (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of visual acuity between the two groups before operation between the twogroups (P>0. 05). At 6mo after operation, the excellent and good rates of visual acuity in two groups obviously increased ( P<0. 05 ), while there was no significant difference in the excellent and good rates of visual acuity at 6mo after operation between the two groups ( P > 0. 05 ). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rates of posterior capsule rupture and vitreous body prolapse (P>0. 05). The incidence rates of corneal edema, iridocyclitis and posterior capsular opacification in the observation group after operation were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION:The effects of IOLⅠphase implantation and Ⅱ phase implantation are similar in patients with traumatic cataract, in terms of the general situation and improvement of visual recovery. However, the incidence of complications after Ⅱ phase implantation is relatively lower.