Electrical status epilepticus during sleep(ESES)is a special electroencephalography in children.It is involved in a variety of epileptic syndromes and can lead to different degrees of degradation of movement, cognition, behavior, language.At present, the cause of ESES is still unknown.According to literature reports, 8 pathogenic genes have been found to be related to ESES, namely GRIN2A, CNKSR2, SCN2A, KCNA2, KCNQ2, KCNB1, SLC6A1 and WAC genes.In this review, progress of ESES molecular genetics are discussed.

Objective To compare the clinical application of endoscope system and dimensional disc hole mirror, and its advantages of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy TESSY technology. Methods Two hundred and eighty patients with lumbar disc herniation randomly divided into foraminal mirror group and endoscopic group(140 cases for each groups). Patients in foraminal mirror group were given TESSY removal of nucleus pulposus through lateral approach road,while in endoscopic group were given posterior approach discectomy. The operation time,bleeding volume,postoperative time,incision length,waist and leg waist pain and functional recovery were recorded. Results The operation incision length in foraminal mirror group was(0. 8 ± 0. 1)mm,significantly shorter in the endoscopic group((1. 7 ± 0. 2)mm),the amount of bleeding in foraminal mirror group was( 9. 8 ± 4. 3 )ml,significantly less than the endoscopic group(( 78. 6 ± 18. 8)ml). The above data were statistically significant difference( t =21. 753,19. 280;P ﹤0. 01 ). The getting out of bed time after operation was(0. 3 ± 0. 1)d,significantly earlier than that in the endoscopic group ((3. 5 ± 0. 8)d;t=21. 451;P﹤0. 01). VAS scores of patients in two group at postoperative were(7. 4 ± 1. 8) and(7. 3 ± 1. 6),significantly decreased than that of preoperative((2. 7 ± 1. 7)and(2. 5 ± 1. 6);t=10. 259, 11. 465;P﹤0. 01),But there were no significant differences between the two groups before and after treatment ( P﹥ 0. 05 ). After treatment,waist function recovery in the two groups were 97. 1%( 136/140 ),95. 7%(134/140),and the difference was significant(χ2 =0. 415,P﹥0. 05). Conclusion Foraminal mirror TESSY technique in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with microendoscopy discectomy with small incision is proved a good approach with less bleeding,postoperative early rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a common hypoglycemic drug capable of improving proliferation and activation, and inhibiting apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We speculated that the combined use of pioglitazone and EPCs transplantation could have significant improving effects on hyperglycemia and kidney function after diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the improving effect of EPCs transplantation combined with pioglitazone treatment on the kidney function of diabetic rat models.METHODS: The 15 of 75 Wistar rats were randomly selected and served as normal control group (no treatment). Animal models of type 1 diabetes mellitus were made in the rest 60 rats through the intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin for continuous 5 days. The human EPCs (labeled by CM-Dil) were recovered, cultured and preserved until transplantation. After 4 weeks of modeling, the 60 rat models were randomly divided into model group (PBS injection), pioglitazone group, EPCs transplantation group and combined treatment group, followed by tail vein injection of EPCs suspension and/or intragastric administration of 20 mg/kg pioglitazone for continuous 4 days. After 8 weeks of treatment, the levels of glucose, insulin and creatinine in serum, urea nitrogen and urine protein during 24 hours were determined. The number and distribution of EPCs labeled by CM-Dil were detected by fluorescence microscope, the apoptosis in kidney cells was tested by TUNEL method, and the kidney weight/body weight ratio in rats was calculated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the blood glucose and serum creatinine levels and the urea nitrogen and urine protein concentrations during 24 hours were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the seruminsulin level was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the pioglitazone and EPCs transplantation groups. These biochemical indexes in the combined treatment group were more significantly altered compared with the model group (P< 0.01). The kidney weight to the body weight ratio was lowest in the combined treatment group and lower in the pioglitazone and EPCs transplantation groups followed by the model group (P < 0.05). The order of apoptotic kidney cells labeled by TUNEL was as follows: model group > pioglitazone group > EPCs transplantation group > combined treatment group (P < 0.05). To conclude, the EPCs transplantation combined with pioglitazone treatment can decrease the blood glucose and serum creatinine levels and urea nitrogen and urine protein concentrations, improve the serum insulin level, reduce cell apoptosis in the kidney, and remit the kidney dysfunction of diabetic rats to a certain extent.

The history of Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM), and advances in its journal selection, retrieval service platform construction and data acquisition were described.The daily record of users showed that WPRIM is of certain international influencing power, but is not a matured regional international index medicus. Suggestions were put forward for its popularization, project development funds, journal review and data acquisition.

Objective: Our aim was to study the relationship between nitric oxide and ovarian neoplasm. The concentrationg of nitrite /nitrate (NO-2/NO-3),glutathione(GSH), and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were detected in ovarian tissues.Methods:A modified copper-coated cadium reduction method was used to detect NO-2/NO-3. Dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) method was used to detect the GSH concentration. The activity of SOD was measured by an ultramicroanalytic and rapid assay. All the data were obtained from 21 patients with ovarian neoplasm(10 with benign ovarian neoplasms,and 11 with ovarian carcinomas). This paper is concerned with the analysis of matched case-control studies. The carcinoma tissues and normal ovarian tissues were obtained from the same patient. We performed Paired-Samples t test to determine whether the NO-2/NO-3,GSH and the activity of SOD in carcinomas and normal ovarian tissues have significantly difference. Results:No significant difference for the concentration of NO-2/NO-3,GSH and activity of SOD was shown in the normal ovarian tissues and neoplasm tissues of benign neoplasm . The concentrations of GSH and activity of SOD in normal ovarian tissues were significantly higher than ovarian carcinomas(P<0.05). No significant difference of concentration of NO-2/NO-3 was shown in normal ovary and ovarian carcinomas. In the normal tissues of all patients, NO-2/NO-3 was positively correlated with GSH and SOD. Glutathione was positively correlated with SOD. In the ovarian neoplasms, there was no significant correlation between NO-2/NO-3 and GSH, NO-2/NO-3 and SOD,GSH and SOD.Conclusion: Nitric oxide and the other matters which attend the course of its metastasis may closely related to ovary neoplasms.

AIM: To qualitatively detect the concentration of recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)[rhGLP-1(7-36)] in human blood.METHODS: RhGLP-1(7-36) concentrations of standard and blood samples were detected by ELISA kits.RESULTS: The parameters of specificity,sensitivity,detection limits,reproducibiltiy and recovery can meet the requirements for pharmacokinetic studies.CONCLUSION: The concentration measuring method of rhGLP-1(7-36) in blood samples using ELISA kit produced by LINCO company can meet the detection methods of biological production,which can be used as a measuring method of rhGLP-1(7-36) concentration and for its pharmacokinetic studies.

Objective To investigate the regulation of parathyroid hormone(1-34) on mRNA expression of osteoclast inhibitory lectin (OCIL) gene in UMR106 osteoblastic-like cells and involved signaling pathway.Methods Rat UMR106 osteoblastic-like cells were cultured and treated with various concentration of PTH(1-34) and specific agonists or inhibitors of PKA,PKC,Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways for indicated time intervals.Then the cells were gathered at indicated time points and total RNA were extracted.OCIL mRNA expression was analyzed using real-time PCR technique.Results PTH(1-34) stimulated OCIL mRNA expression in a time-and dose-dependentmanner.A dose of 10 nmol/L PTH(1-34) started to induce OCIL mRNA from 6 h,with a highest increase of about 2.8-fold vs.control group (without PTH treatment) at 24 h.The up-regulation of OCIL mRNA began and reached maximum later than RANKL induction and OPG suppression effected by PTH(1-34).Protein Kinase A (PKA) signaling activators forskolin(FSK) and dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP),as well as calcium ionophore A23187 all up-regulated OCIL mRNA with the maximal induction of about 4.2-fold,4.5-fold and 5.1-fold.Protein Kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA) reduced OCIL mRNA expression at the early stage(2-6 h),with the highest down-regulation of 50％ at 6 h.However,the inhibitory effect on OCIL mRNA turned into slightly stimulatory effect later (24 h).PKA inhibitor KT5720,calmodulin antagonist W-7,CaMK Ⅱ inhibitor KN-62 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059 all blocked PTH(1-34)-induced OCIL mRNA expression by the maximal reduction of 56％,61％,63％ and 50％ respectively.There also exist cross-talks between different signal pathways.MAPK inhibitor PD98059 blocked the expression of OCIL mRNA which was stimulated by PKA activators FSK or db-cAMP,with the reduction of 98％ and 63％ respectively,while the OCIL mRNA expression stimulated by A23187 remained unaffected.Conclusion PTH(1-34) increased OCIL mRNA expression in vitro through cAMP/PKA,Ca2+/CaMK and MAPK signaling pathways.

Objective To compare the renal function after neurosurgery performed under closed-circuit anesthesia with sevoflurane and desflurane and determine the safety of the closed-circuit sevoflurane anesthesia. Methods 36 ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-60 years were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive either sevoflurane (group S, n = 18) or desflurane (group D, n = 18) . The duration of surgery was expected to be ≥90 min. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular midazolam 0.07 mg?kg-1 . Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg?kg-1, fentanyl 1.5-2.0 ?g?kg-1 , propofol 1-2 mg?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1-0.15 mg? kg-1. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT = 8-12 ml?kg-1) after tracheal intubation. PET CO2 was maintained a 35-45 mm Hg. Fresh gas flow (FGF) was first set at 1-5 L?min-1 for 2-3 min, then reduced to 0.18-0.3 L?min-1. In group D end-tidal desflurane concentration was maintained at 6%-10% ; whereas in group S the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was maintained at 2.7%-4.0% . BP, HR, ECG, SpO2 PET CO2, inspiratory and expiratory O2 , desflurane and sevoflurane concentrations and the temperature in the center of soda-lime canister were continuously monitored during the operation. Gases were collected from breathing circuit for determination of compound A concentration (by gas chromatography) before anesthesia, at the end of 2-3 min wash-in, every 30 min during maintenance of anesthesia and at the end of anesthesia. Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia (baseline) , at the end of surgery (T1) and at 2, 24 and 72 h after operation (T2-4) for determination of serum F-, creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations. Urine specimens were taken for determination of total protein (TP), ?2-microglobulin (?2-MG) and ?-N-acetyl-glucuronidase (NAG) levels, before operation (baseline) at the end of operation and at 24, 48 and 72 h after operation. TP/Cr, ?2-MG/ Grand NAG/Cr were calculated to eliminate the influence of the volume of urine.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to age, sex, body weight, height, duration of anesthesia and temperature in the center of soda-lime canister. The inspiratory O2 concentration was ≥ 75% during anesthesia. There was no significant difference in serum Cr and BUN concentrations and NAG/Cr in urine before and after operation as well as between the two groups. TP/Cr and ?2-MG/Cr in urine were significantly increased after operation compared to the baseline values but there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant correlation between postoperative TP/Cr, ?-MG/Cr and compound A. Conclusion Closed-circuit sevoflurane ansthesia does not affect postoperative renal function.

Microula Sikkimensis is a kind of plant only in China. Fatty acid composition of its seed oil was analyzed with a polar PEG-20M fused-silica capillary column GC combined with MS after the seed oil was saponified and methylated. 13 kinds of fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) were identified. The major constituents were found to be oleic acid 18.12%, linoleic acid 35.11%, ?-linolenic acid 8.33%, ?-linolenic acid 13.57% and stearidonic acid 1.21%.

Objective To find a solution to the long-term storage of enormous amount of imaging data in hospital picture archiving communication system (PACS). Methods Medical imaging data collected by devices of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine-3 (DICOM3) and non-DICOM3 were transformed into the storage format, metadata instance, and expression pattern of digital images standardized by DICOM3. Based on the requirements of data utilization and storage system and the optimal principle of function and value, the reasonable flow of imaging data in PACS network were scientifically allocated by application of on-line, near-line, and off-line storage patterns and by reasonable allocation of the volume and clusters of storage devices. Results The PACS storage system established by our method, characterized by super capacity of error tolerance, permanent unrestricted storage, quick in retrieval, and quick, convenient and reliable in storage and reading, could meet the requirements of long-term storage and management of enormous amount of medical imaging data. Conclusion Grading storage is the effective method for long-term storage of enormous amount of medical imaging data in PACS.