Objective To summarize bacterial resistance in the women urine culture samples collected in 2012 from 557 first class hospitals and 232 second class hospitals in China.Methods Disc diffusion test, MIC test and E-test were used to detect the antimicrobial sensitivity of bacte-rial isolates from urine specimens.WHONET5.6 software was applied for analysis the bacterial sensitive data.Results A total of 80564 strains were collected in the survey period.The isolated rates of Escherichia coli (53.8%), K.pneumoniae (7.4%) and Enterococcus faecalis/Entero-coccus faecium ( 6.4%) occupied the top three positions.The resistant rates of Escherichia coli to carbapenems, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhi-bitor, nitrofurantoin, amikacin and fosfomycin was 0.9%, 3.7% -4.5%, 5.6%, 5.7%and 6.4%, respectively.The resistant rates of K.pneumoniae to carbapenems, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor and amikacin was 5.0%-5.4%, 9.8%-10.6%and 8.8%, respectively.The resistant rates of Enterococcus faecalis to glycopeptides, nitrofuran-toin, fosfomycin and ampicillin was 1.0%-1.9%, 7.4%, 8.5% and 14.1%.There was no Enterococcus strain resistant to linezolid.Conclusion Escherichia coli is main species isolated from women urine sample.The resistance of the most species isolated from women urine culture to carbapenems,β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin are lower than 10%.There is no significant difference between the resistance of bacteria from first class and second class hospitals.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic efficacy of interferon (IFN) therapy and risk of long-term administration for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients who cannot tolerate the standard treatment.

METHODSForty-six CHC patients who had proven intolerant to standard treatments were treated with low-dose IFN (non-pegylated IFN: 60 to 300MIU QOD, or pegylated IFN: 50 to 90 mug/w) plus ribavirin (RBV; 0.6g to 0.9 g/d) for 72 weeks.

RESULTSForty-three (93.5%) of the patients were able to tolerate the long-term treatment with low-dose IFN plus RBV. Only three patients experienced severe side effects (low white blood cell and platelet counts) that required treatment withdrawal. The virology response rates over treatment time were: rapid virologic response (RVR): 10.9%; early virus response (EVR): 30.4%; 24 week virologic response: 45.7%; and, 48 week virologic response: 47.8%. B-sonographic imaging revealed that three patients experienced improved liver morphology through the treatment course. The patients who achieved RVR, EVR, or 24 weeks virologic response also attained higher 48 week virologic response. The 24 week virologic response had the strongest predictive value of good prognosis.

CONCLUSIONSOur study demonstrated that long-term treatment with low-dose interferon plus ribavirin is effective for patients who are otherwise intolerant to standard treatment. In these patients, low-dose IFN plus RBV can obtain a high virologic response rate at 48 week. Furthermore, the 24 week virologic response is sufficiently predictive of treatment success. As with any treatment regimen, it is important for healthcare workers to monitor the disease status and potential side effects throughout the course of therapy.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferons ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo express the cloned gene glycoprotein I (gpI) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Beijing VZV 84-7 strain in insect cells and to purify its expression product.

METHODSThe gene coding for gpI of VZV was amplified from viral DNA by PCR and cloned into baculovirus transfer vector (pBacPAK9), and recombinant transfer vector plasmid pBacVZVgpI was obtained. The inserted gpI gene in the pBacVZVgpI was sequenced. Insect cells Sf 9 were co-transfected with the recombinant transfer vector plasmid pBacVZVgpI and wild type linear baculovirus BacPAK6 (digested with Bsu36I) DNA. The recombinant baculoviruses containing the VZV 84-7 gpI gene was isolated through several rounds of limited dilution. Recombinant protein gpI was expressed in insect cells Sf 9, postinfected with recombinant baculoviruses. The expressed recombinant gpI was purified by lectin affinity chromatography and its antigenicity and immunogenicity were investigated.

RESULTSThe gene coding for gpI of VZV was obtained by PCR and the gpI gene of pBacPAK9 was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The recombinant gpI was expressed in insect cells Sf 9, post-infected with recombinant baculovirus and identified by SDS-PAGE and western blotting, with its product in cell culture reaching the peak in 72 hours and with a molecular mass of 58 kd and 70 kd, the same as theoretical values. Results of immunoassay with cell lysates infected by recombinant baculoviruses indicated that recombinant protein expressed in insect cells had ability of eliciting specific antibodies against native VZV in mice and complement-dependent neutralizing antibodies. The purified recombinant gpI gave a product with a purity of more than 80%. ELISA and Western-blot analysis demonstrated that purified protein had specific VZV antibody-binding activity. This suggested that the recombinant gpI expressed in insect cells had the same biological characteristics as its native counterpart.

CONCLUSIONBaculovirus-insect cells could be used to express the gene of VZV gpI, which could provide a basis for quantitative analysis of VZV antigen, and preparation of its subunit vaccine.

Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Spodoptera ; cytology ; genetics ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Objective To report a large family with an autosomal dominant dementia associated with mutation in the prion protein gene(PRNP)and the detailed clinical,neuroimaging and pathological manifestations.Methods Two patients from a large family of dementia were admitted to our ward and the data of their medical history,physical examination,video electroenceplialogram,neuroimaging were colleted.A sterotactic biopsy of the right frontal lobe of the proband was done.After the informed consent from the family members obtained,the genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes of 5 persons followed by in,vitro amplification using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The PCR products were directly sequenced by Sanger method.PRNP gene sequence was also examined in 150 normal Chinese to exclude single nueleotide polymorphism.Results A missense mutation of PRNP gene in 5 farnily members was detected,resulting in Gll4V mutation in the prion protein,with M/M genotype of eodon 129.This mutation was not detected in 150 normal Chinese.The proband was diagnosed as inherited prion disease by her clinical features,including neuropsychiatrie disturbances and progressive dementia,and manifestations of neuroimaging,EEG,neuropathology and PRNP gene mutation.Conclusion The first autosomal dominant pedigree of family prion disease is found in China with G114V mutation in PRNP gene which may lead to the prion disease directly.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between total aortic arch reconstruction with open triple-branched stent graft placement and total aortic replacement combined with stented elephant trunk implantation for patients with Stanford A aortic dissection.Methods Patients with Stanford A aortic dissection treated with surgical treatment from January 2006 to May 2011 were included in this study.The patients were divided into two groups.Group Ⅰ (n =20) patients were treated by total arch replacement with stented elephant trunk procedure.Group Ⅱ (n =8 ) patients received open triple-branched stent graft placement. Echocardiography and aortic CT angiography were performed before and at 1 month after operation.Results Age,gender and disease severity were similar between the 2 groups ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).Operation was successful in all 28 patients.Cardiopulmonary bypass time,aortic cross clamp time,circulation arrest time and duration of ventilator assisted breathing were significantly longer; postoperative drainage volume and blood transfusion volume were significantly larger and hospitalization cost was significantly higher in group Ⅰ patients compared those in group Ⅱ patients ( all P ＜ 0.05 ). One month after operation,the maximum internal diameter of aorta was smaller than pre-operation in both group Ⅰ [ (30.2 ± 3.1 ) mm vs.(42.5 ±6.5)mm,P ＜ 0.05] and group Ⅱ [(31.5 ±2.5) mm vs.(44.1 ±7.3)mm,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Short-term procedural success rate was similar between the two groups.The total aortic arch reconstruction with open triple-branched stent graft placement procedure is simpler,shortens the operation time,reduces the blood transfusion volume and is more cost-effective compared to the classical aortic arch operation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamics of the induction of S100beta in different parts of rat brain following the diffuse brain injury. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and auto-image analysis were to determine the expression of astroglial S100beta after diffuse brain injury in rats. Forty rats were distributed into groups according to injury time of 30min, and2,4,12,24h, and 3,6 d after diffuse brain injury, and normal rats as control. RESULTS: The number of S100beta positive cells in the four areas increased significantly followed by a decrease, and then a further increase. The expression of S100beta could be detected increasing in 2h, and increased significantly in 4h, and it reached apex 12h after DBI, and decreased gradually to the level less than normal 3d, and returned to normal 7d following injury. In the postmortem injury groups, there were no significant changes in anti-S100beta immunoreactivities in four areas of brain compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The present study showed the time-dependent expression of S100beta is obvious following diffuse brain injury, and suggested S100beta be suitable as a marker for brain injury age determination.
Animals ; Brain/pathology* ; Brain Edema/pathology* ; Brain Injuries/pathology* ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Nerve Growth Factors/analysis* ; Neuroglia/metabolism* ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100 Proteins/analysis* ; Staining and Labeling ; Time Factors

Objective To explore the experience and methods of neuro-endoscopy in minimally invasive treating intracranial diseases.Methods The surgery effect and complications of minimally invasive treatment under neuro-endoscopy on 52 patients with intracranial diseases,admitted to our hospital from October 2010 to March 2013,were retrospectively summarized; in these 52 patients,20 had pituitary adenoma,20 had hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,1 had intracranial hematoma followed arteriovenous malformation,2 had intracranial hematomas after brain injury,2 had cholesteatoma,2 had optic canal decompression,2 had cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea,1 had multi-separated subacute subdural hematoma and the last 2 had arachnoid cyst.Results Except for 1 patient having cholesteatoma appeared bleeding of the petrosalvein intraoperatively,which resulted in cerebellum hemorrhage following postoperative venous hemorrhagic infarction and unfavourable prognosis,the rest of the patients recovered well; in 20 patients having hypophysoma,15 (75％) achieved total resection of the pituitary adenoma,and no postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurred; in 23 cases of intracranial hematomas,22 were cleared satisfactorily,and the left one occurred rehemorrhage in one side but craniotomy hematoma removal was successfully performed again.The eyesight of 2 patients with optic canal decompression was improved obviously.The repair effects of 2 patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage were very good without intracranial infection or recurrence.The 2 patients with arachnoid cyst recovered satisfactorily without other complications.One patient with multi-separated subacute subdural hematoma recovered with hematoma clear postoperative satisfactorily; and one patient with cholesteatoma postoperative recovered satisfactorily with tumor resection.Conclusion Neuro-endoscopy has many advantages such as exposed wide range,good deep lighting,minimally invasive and high efficiency in endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal skull base surgery and intracranial hematomas removal.

Objective To study the features of Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)in areas along Qinghai-Tibet Railroad in Qinghai Province.Methods To identify the biologic types and the molecular biological feathers of Y.pestis isolated from areas along Qinghai-Tibet Railroad in Qinghai from 2001-2006.Results All the tested Y.pestis was biologically of classical type and ecologically of Qinghai-Tibet plateau type.The Y.pestis had high virulence.The Y.pestis of 65×106 plasmids was distributed in the Tanggula area,the Y.pestis of 52×106plasmids,in Tianjun and Delingha areas.The Y.pestis srains carried 52 × 106 plasmids.except the two containing 65 X 106 plasmids in Wulan County.The genetic type of Y.pestis in Tanggula was type 5 and that in Zongwulong of Delingha,Saishike,Keke,Tongpu of Wulan was type 8 except 2 strains of Y.pestis isolated from woodchuck and the patients in Dananwan of Tongpu,Wulan County were type 15.Conclusion The Y.pestis in the area along Qinghai-Tibet Railroad in Qinghai belongs to Qinghai-Tibet plateau type with high virulence.

Osteoporosis is an important cause of internal fixation loosening after spinal surgery.Cement-augmented pedicle screw instru-mentation(CAPSI)technique is the most widely used technique in clinical practice to improve the stability of pedicle screw,mainly applied in osteoporosis and revision surgery,which included conventional solid pedicles crews and fenestrated/cannulated pedicle screws technique.CAPSI technique may cause cement leakage and pulmonary embolism,and there is no consensus on its indications or technical points.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of CAPSI,in order to provide relevant reference for clinical practice.

Objective:Through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian rapamycin target protein （mTOR） signaling pathway， explore the effect of Zhigancao Tang on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury（MIRI）The role and mechanism of arrhythmia（ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation）. Method:The 72 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group，model group， Zhigancao Tang low，medium and high dose group（11.43，22.86，45.72 g·kg^-1），Wenxin granule group（2.43 g·kg^-1），continuous drug intervention for 10 days. Two hours after the last administration，the MIRI model of rat was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery，and the changes of electrocardiogram were recorded. After successful modeling，blood and heart tissue were collected to detect the content of creatine creatine（CK），lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）and aspartate aminotransferase（AST）in the serum, the enzyme-linked immunoassay（ELISA） method was used to detect cardiac troponin（CtnI）content, immunohistochemical detection of myocardial PI3K，Akt，mTOR expression. Western blot was used to detect the myocardial autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3（LC-3），autophagy markers Beclin1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway related protein expression and phosphorylated p-PI3K，p-Akt，p-mTOR levels. Result:In model group， 100% of ventricular tachycardia and 91.67% of ventricular fibrillation occurred. Compared with sham operation group， the serum levels of CK，LDH，AST，and CtnI in the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01），PI3K，Akt，mTOR AOD values in myocardial tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01），the relative expression of the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and Beclin1 was significantly increased（P<0.01），p-PI3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt，and p-mTOR/mTOR were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the incidence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in the high-dose Zhigancao Tang group was significantly reduced （P<0.01），and the duration was the shortest compared with other administration groups（P<0.01）， CK，LDH，AST level and CtnI content were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， the expression of PI3K，Akt and mTOR of Zhigancao Tang group was significantly decreased with increasing dose（P<0.01）， the expression of LC-3 and Beclin1 was accompanied by Zhigancao Tang increase of each dose group of soup had different degrees of decrease （P<0.01），while the expression ratio of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-related protein was significantly increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:Pretreatment of Zhigancao Tang can reduce the abusually elevated cardiac enzymes CK, LDH, AST and CtnI, inhibit excessive autophagy of cells, and up-regulate the expression of PI3K, Akt and mTOR, indicating that the anti-MIRI arrhythmia effect of Zhigancao Tang may be related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.