Objective To investigate the effects of keratinocyte growth factor(KGF) and keratinocyte growth factor receptor(KGFR) on the malignant transformation of gestational trophoblastic disease(GTD).Methods Immunolocalization of KGF/KGFR was performed on sections prepared with the samples from 26 hydatidiform mole,18 invasive mole and 12 choriocarcinoma.The in situ hybridization was used to detect the mRNA of KGF/KGFR in the tissues of hydatidiform mole and GTD.Analysis was performed according to intensity of staining and number of positive cells.Results It was revealed that specific staining for mRNA and protein of KGF/KGFR existed in hydatidiform mole and gestational trophoblastic tumor(GTT).The mRNA and protein of KGF/KGFR were allocated in cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts of malignant hydatidiform mole,and the KGF/KGFR protein was also expressed in benign tissue,while the expression of KGFR in malignant hydatidiform mole was significantly higher than that in benign tissue(?2=12.775,P

Objective To analyze the impact and its mechanism of down-regulation of AnnexinA2 expression on prostate cancer(PCa) invasion and metastasis.Methods The expression of AnnexinA2 in three prostate cancer cell lines with different metastasis ability,including LNCaP (lower metastasis ability),PC3 (lower metastasis ability),C4-2B (higher metastasis ability) were detected by Western blot.The correlations between the expression of AnnexinA2 and the metastasis ability of prostate cancer cells were also evaluated.The siRNA was used in PC3 cells to down-regulate the expression of AnnexinA2,the cell proliferation assay was performed by MTT method,the cell apoptosis level was detected by flow cytometry,the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by Westrn blot,the in vitro invasiveness of PC3 was detected by transwell cabinet test,and the migration ability of PC3 cells was detected by scratch test,respectively.Results The grayscale value of AnnexinA2 expression in C4-2B cells is 0.22,in contrast with the internal reference,which was obviously lower than those of LNCaP and PC3 cells with lower metastasis potency(relative grey value is 0.93 and 0.95,respectively.P＜0.01).After RNAi was used in PC3 cells to down-regulate the expression of AnnexinA2,the growth became faster for PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells than PC3,PC3-Lip and PC3-empty vector cells (P＜0.05).After RNAi was used in PC3 cells to down-regulate the expression of AnnexinA2,the ratio of apoptosis was detected by flowcytometry in PC3,PC3-Lip,PC3-empty vector and PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells,and the apoptosis ratio in PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells was the highest.However,the difference was not significant compare to others (P＞0.05).After RNAi was used in PC3 cells to downregulate the expression of AnnexinA2,the expression of AnnexinA2 in PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells was decreased while the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased.After RNAi was used in PC3 cells to down-regulate the expression of AnnexinA2,invasiveness of PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells detected by transwell cabinet test was increased in vitro,and migration of PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells detected by scratch test was increased in vitro.Conclusions The down-regulation of expression of AnnexinA2 could increase the invasive and metastatic ability of prostate cancer,and this may attribute to the up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in prostate cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine on the expression of NMDA receptor-1(NRⅠ)in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and the possible mechanism of the neuroprotection.Methods Forty healthy male SD rats weighing 250-290g were randomly divided into 2 group(n=20 each):groupⅠketamine and groupⅡpentobarbital.The aminals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 60 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅠor pentobarbital 40 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅡ.Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by permanent middle cerebral artery occludion(MCAO).The animals were killed at 24 h and 72 h of MCAO and their brains removed for determination of infarct size,the number of living neurons in the penumbra and the expression of NRⅠprotein(immuno- histochemistry).Results The infarct size was significantly smaller;the number of living neurons in penumbra significantly larger and NRⅠexpression significantly down-regulated in ketamine group than in pentobarbital group.Conclusion Ketamine can protect the brain against ischemia through downregulation of NMDA receptor-1.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the drug storehouse management model,and provide reference for hospital management reform. METHODS:Management operation of external drug storehouse management model in our hospital in 3 months was intro-duced from aspects of number of personnel,delivery timeliness as well as accuracy rate of entering and going-out storage,etc. Ef-fective and feasible solutions for developing external drug storehouse management and guaranteeing clinical drug supply were sum-marized. RESULTS:Through ensuring drug category,management level of external drug storehouse,job responsibility of related staff in hospital and pharmaceutical business companies,information platform and distribution management,external drug store-house work in our hospital was basically completed. Compared with before,it had effectively reduced the investment of human and material resources,management staff was decreased from 4 persons to 3 persons;and purchased drugs could be completely deliv-ered within the specified time. CONCLUSIONS:Under the circumstances of hospital management facing constant reform,the man-agement model of external drug storehouse can be considered to reduce management cost of hospital and expand the scale of company.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the hemostasis of the different polarities of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisatum (PCC) on the blood heat and hemorrhage syndrome rat model induced by dry yeast.

METHODThe SD rats were divided into seven groups. Yunnan Baiyao was taken as the positive control drug. The rats in the control group and model group were fed with CMC-Na for 7 days, and the rats in other groups were fed with corresponding drugs simultaneously. On day 7, the blood heat and hemorrhage syndrome rat model was established. Indexes including the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen content (FIB), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), blood platelet count (PLT), thrombocytocrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and the rate of platelet aggregation induced by ADP were detected. Additionally, the pathological examinations of lungs among each group were compared.

RESULTCompared with the control group, the RBC, HGB and HCT of rats in the model group increased significantly, with distinct increase in high, middle and low whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity of rats in the model group; TT and APTT were notably prolonged, while PT was notably shortened, with significant increase in FIB content; PLT, PCT, MPV and PDW remarkably increased; Additionally, the rate of platelet aggregation induced by ADP significantly decreased. After ig administration of the ethyl acetate extract of PCC, the low whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity remarkably decreased; TT and APTT were significantly shortened, with notable reduction in PDW and in FIB content Additionally, the rate of platelet aggregation induced by ADP significantly increased. The injury of lungs was also improved in ethyl acetate extract group. The rate of platelet aggregation induced by ADP of n-butanol extract group notablly increased. Plasma viscosity of water extract group remarkably decreased, with TT being significantly shortened. But the effects of n-butanol extract or water extract were weaker than that of ethyl acetate extract. And the effect of petroleum ether extract was the weakest.

CONCLUSIONEthyl acetate extract is the active part of PCC, showing the effect of hemostasis by reducing the low whole blood and plasma viscosity, improving coagulation function mainly by acting on the endogenous coagulation, and ameliorating the function of platelet aggregation.

Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Cupressaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Filtration ; Hemostatics ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Male ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thrombin Time

Objective To investigate IL-17 as adjuvant effect on the humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV DNA vaccine by immunizing mice with HIV DNA vaccine plus IL-17. Methods We immunized the BALB/c mice with pGX-Env alone, or with pcDNA3-IL-17 by intramuscular injection. The immunization was performed on week 0, 2. The concentration of the anti-Env IgG, the stimulated index of T lymphocyte proliferation, and the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in CD4~+T cell and IFN-γ in CD8~+ T cell, specific in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity were detected at week 4. Results We show here that IL-17 as a molecular adjuvant with the HIV DNA vaccine, pGX-Env, can enhance immune responses. Interestingly, IL-17 has no adjuvant effect on the responses for T cell proliferation, antibody production and expressions of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in CD4~+ T cells, but rather on the up-regulation of IFN-γ in CD8~+ T cells and CTL in vivo significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion The data suggest that IL-17 as the molecular adjuvant may not effect the development and differentiation of CD4~+ Th cells, but directly affect on the CD8~+ T cell functions. The novel functionality of IL-17 on adaptive immunity may lead to develop effecfive HIV DNA vaccination targeted to potentiate the CD8~+ T cell functions.

OBJECTIVETo study the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the high-temperature requirement A-1 (HTRA1) gene and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Chinese Han population.

METHODSFive SNPs in the HTRA1 gene (rs2014307, rs2248799, rs2300433, rs714816 and rs2268356) were genotyped by ABI Snapshot method in Han Chinese cohort composed of 344 patients with RA and 288 healthy controls. The serum rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) of the patients were determined by endpoint nephelometry method.

RESULTSGenotypes of all the five SNPs in the HTRA1 gene were not significantly different between the RA patients and controls (P> 0.05). Haplotypes generated by these five SNPs did not show significantly difference between the two groups either (P> 0.05). Serum RF levels in the RA patients had no significant difference among the genotypes for four SNPs (rs2014307, rs2248799, rs714816, and rs2268356) in the HTRA1 gene, while RF levels in the RA patients with genotypes AA+AG of the rs2300433 locus were significantly higher than that in genotype GG carriers (P< 0.05). Serum CRP levels in the RA patients had no significant difference among the genotypes for all the five SNPs.

CONCLUSIONAuthor's results suggested that although the five SNPs in the HTRA1 gene were not associated with RA in Chinese Han population, RF levels in the RA patients with genotypes AA and AG in the rs2300433 locus were significantly higher than the GG carriers. The HTRA1 role in RF regulation needs to be further investigated.

Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Serine Endopeptidases ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo establish a method of methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes based quantitative PCR (MSRE-qPCR) for analysis of CpG island DNA of FMR1 gene, and to assess its value for molecular diagnosis of fragile X syndrome.

METHODSThirty boys with mental retardation and abnormal repeats of 5'(CGG)n in the FMR1 gene and 20 mothers were analyzed by conventional PCR screening. Eag I was used to digest genomic DNA, and qPCR was performed to amplify CpG island in the FMR1 gene using both undigested and digested templates. Raw Ct values were obtained through quantitative PCR amplification. The degree of CpG island methylation was calculated by 2 - U+0394 U+0394 Ct. The result of MSRE-qPCR was verified by Southern blotting. 30 healthy females and 30 healthy males were used as controls to optimize the established MSRE-qPCR method.

RESULTSThe ranges of 2 - U+0394 U+0394 Ct value for normal methylation, partial methylation and full methylation were determined. Among the 30 patients, 3 were found to have partial methylation of CpG island of the FMR1 gene, and 27 were found to have full methylation (3/30 results were verified by Southern blotting). Only 7 mothers were found abnormal methylation of CpG island of FMR1 gene, whilst the remaining 13 mothers were normal.

CONCLUSIONMSRE-qPCR is a quick and reliable method for quantitative analysis of CpG island methylation status in FMR1 gene, which may provide a new strategy for the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome.

CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein ; genetics ; Fragile X Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors

beta-CIT was labeled with 131I by the peracetic acid method. Cat model of Parkinsonism was set up with MPTP. Each of normal and PD model cats was given an injection of 74 MBq/0.5 ml 131I-beta-CIT into the femur vein. Then the blood samples were obtained at 4 h and 20 h, the radioactivity was counted with calibrator. The biodistribution data of 131I-beta-CIT in cat body was calculated (ID%/g). The cats were subjected to imaging at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 20 h after the administration of radiopharmaceutical. The radioactivity in striatum and cerebellum was measured and striatal specific binding ratios were calculated. The Results showed that the radio chemical purity of 131I-beta-CIT was 97.62% +/- 0.31%. The 131I-beta-CIT remained stable for at least 4 h after incubation with water and serum respectively. Following intravenous administration in cats, 131I-beta-CIT showed high accumulation in striatum. The study of imaging in cats showed that striatal specific uptake of 131I-beta-CIT at 20 h after injection was 4.83 +/- 0.82 in normal cats and 2.92 +/- 0.66 in PD cats. There was a significant reduction of striatal tracer uptake in PD cats, compared to the controls. The results of biodistribution study was in agreement with the results of imaging study. These results suggest that beta-CIT is an ideal agent for dopamine transporter imaging and can be used for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cats ; Cocaine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Parkinson Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

A highly sensitive, rapid and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of retinamido-ester in rat plasma was developed and validated. A simplified protein precipitation with acetonitrile was employed for the sample preparation.The separation was carried out on an Agilent TC C18 column ( 150 mm×4. 6 mm ID, 5 μm particle size)with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water-formic acid (93 : 7 : 0.1). Simvastatin was used as internal standard. The detection was performed on a trap-quadrupele tandem mass spectrometer by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) scan mode via atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The range of and inter-day precision values were between 95.97% and 104. 43%, and RSD was between 4. 63% and 10. 69%, respectively. This method was applied to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of retinamido-ester after oral administration via gastric gavage of 2. 5, 5, 10mg·kg-1 were as follows,T1/2;(11.28±7.23),(8.90±3.82),(8.01±5.56)h; AUC0-∞:(103.41±61.46),(190.23±74.99),(421.66±299.20)ng·h·mL-1;MRT:(6.31±0.75),(5.98±0.71), (6.18±0.97) h; CL/F: (30. 10 ± 13.67), (29.58±10.59), (31.18 ±17.51)L·h-1·kg-1;Vd/F:(414.94±159.82),(356.16±139.85),(369.28±322.73)L·kg-1,respectively.