Objective To investigate the effect of HIV-1 protease inhibitor saquinavir on insulin signaling and β-cell function in rat INS-1 cells. Methods INS-1 cells were preincubated with 0 or 10 μmol/L saquinavir for 48 h, stimulated with 100 nmol/L insulin for 2 min or 20 mmol/L glucose for 30 min. Insulin signaling parameters were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot on cell lysates. Insulin concentrations in the supernatant were measured by ELISA, and standardized by cellular DNA contents. Cell count with trypan blue stain and MTT test were determined to evaluate the effect of saquinavir on cell viability. Results Treatment with saquinavir for 48 h significantly decreased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1, IRS-2 and Thr~(308)-phosphorylation of Akt in INS-1 cells by 60%, 66% and 55%, decreased the rate of basal insulin secretion and glucose-stimulated insulin release by 39% and 49% compared with control cells, respectively. Conclusions Treatment with saquinavir impairs insulin signal transmission in pancreatic β cells and results in insulin resistance in β cells. This effect might influence the function of β cells.

Objective To investigate the insertion/deletion(I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene in uncompen-sated hepatocirrhosis with hepatorenal syndrome(HRS). Methods ACE I/D polymorphism was detected by poly-merase chain reaction amplification of DNA fragment in 96 cases of uncompensated bepatocirrhnsis with HRS, every group as controls were involved in this study. At the same time,GPT,GOT,sarum creatinine(SCr), blood urea nitro-gen(BUN) and glomerular filtration rate(GFR) of every case were measured and the difference of these targets among different genotypes were compared. Results There was no significant difference for every genotype and allele fre-quency between the HRS group and every group as controls(P >0.05). The I allele frequencies were higher than the one of D allele for every groups except other liver disease group(P < 0.01). But in the every group as controls, there was no significant difference for the genotype frequency among three groups and in the HRS group, the Ⅱ genotype frequency was higher than the one of ID and DD(P < 0.05). SCr etc. of the Ⅱ genotype were higher than the one of ID and DD(P<0.05) and GFR of the Ⅱ genotype was lower than the one of ID and DD in the HRS group(P<0.05). Conclusion There was relationship between ACE gene polymorphism and the incidence of uncompensated bepatocirrhosis with HRS.

Age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) is a kind of age-related blinding degenerative fundus lesions, totally about 30 million patients suffering from AMD all over the world, with about 500 000 people blind for it yearly. As the development of economy and the aging of the population intensified, incidence of AMD indicates a trend of rising year by year, being the third major cause of blindness in our country. At present, the pathogenesis of AMD is not fully clear, as reported it may be related to oxidative stress, inflammatory immune response, VEGF and genetic manipulation. Clinical treatments mainly include photodynamic therapy, drug therapy, radiation therapy, laser photocoagulaory operation, the pupil warm treatments, Chinese medicine and intravitreous injection VEGF antagonists such as Ranibizumab, Conbercept and so on. ln this issue, we mainly expound on the progress in the epidemiological studies of AMD, especially elaborate the progress made on genetic manipulation in recent years.

Objective To observe the expressions of Akt and ERK phosphorylation in abdominal aortic aneurysm of rat model, and explore the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods The rat model of abdominal aortic aneu-rysm was established. The diameter of abdominal aorta was measured and the extended rate of the aorta was calculated. HE staining was used to observe the change of pathology. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods were used to detect the expressions of Akt and ERK phosphorylation in the level of protein. Results The dilation of aorta was significantly high-er in abdominal aortic aneurysm group than that of saline group and normal group (P＜0.05). HE staining showed structural disorder and inflammatory cell infiltration in abdominal aortic aneurysm group. The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot results showed that phosphorylation of Akt expression was significantly higher in abdominal aortic aneurysm group than that of saline group and normal group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in phosphorylation of ERK expression between three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be involved in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Objective To study the effects of enteral nutrition( EN) on inflammatory factors and cardiac function in elderly patients with heart failure ( HF ) . Methods A total of 96 elderly patients with HF were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into treatment group A,treatment group B and control group( n= 32 in each group) . Patients in group A were provided with 500 mL of EN daily for 1 month, and those in group B were provided with the same dose of EN for 3 months. Control group was treated with normal diet. The nutrition status of each group was assessed by NRS2002. Meanwhile,all patients were evaluated by New York Heart Association(NYHA) class and left ventricle eject fraction(LVEF). The levels of BNP,IL-6, CRP and TNF-α were also measured before and after nutrition treatment. Results In group A and group B,BMI,TSF,AMC, TP,ALB and HGB increased. Symptoms of HF alleviated quickly and LVEF increased compared to the baseline. The levels of BNP,IL-6,CRP and TNF-α were significantly lower after treatment(P<0. 05) in both treatment groups,and the change in group B was more obvious(P<0. 01) than group A. However,in control group,there is neither evident improvement in cardiac function or nutrition status,nor in inflammatory factor levels. Conclusion Adding EN support to the normal treatment of heart failure in elderly malnourished patients with HF not only improves the function of heart and nutrition status, but also helps to support immune system so as to alleviate acute inflammatory response. The benefits from EN depend on the duration of therapy.

Objective To investigate the expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 protein in lesional tissue of condyloma acuminatum and its clinical significance.Methods Forty-three patients with condyloma acuminatum were included in this study,and received CO2 laser therapy.Tissue samples were resected from the lesions of these patients at their first visit before treatment.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of HPV L1 protein in these samples.Follow up was carried out once every 2 weeks for 3 months to assess the recurrence rate and frequency in these patients after treatment.Results HPV L1 protein was detected in 83.72％ (36/43) of these tissue samples.The expression rate of HPV L1 protein decreased sequentially from patients infected with HPV 6/11,patients with both HPV 6/11 and 16/18,to those with HPV16/18 (x2 =17.90,P ＜ 0.01).During the 12 weeks of follow up,the recurrence rate was 69.77％ (30/43) with the average number of recurrence of 2.16.There was a sequential reduction in the recurrence rate and number from patients with strong expression of HPV L1 protein,to those with moderate expression,slight expression and negative expression (x2 =8.02,46.92,P ＜ 0.05 and 0.01,respectively).The expression intensity of HPV L1 protein was negatively correlated with the recurrence rate and frequency (rs =-0.429,-0.696,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion HPV L1 protein may serve as a helpful molecular biomarker for the prediction of prognosis and recurrence of condyloma acuminatum.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of the union between marrow smear and marrow biopsy in the myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) diagnosis. Methods Bone marrow aspirate and smear were initially abtained, then bone tissues encircled drill and section at the same point which is called as. easy one-step technology to 86 MDS patients were analysed. Results In 86 cases of MDS patients, there were 30 cases of hyperplasia extreme degree of reduction by 34.88 %, 56 eases of active, obvious and extremely active active (65.12 %), 43 cases for red RCMD (50.00 %), 32 cases for the granulocyte dysplasia (37.21%), 22 cases for megakaryocyte RCMD (25.58 %) in bone marrow aspiration smears; compared with 15 cases of hyperplasia extreme degree of reduction and the reduction (17.44 %), 71 eases of active, obviously active and extremely active (82.56 %); 16 cases for red RCMD (18.61%), 52 cases for the granulocyte dysplasia (60.47 %), 56 cases for megakaryocyte RCMD (65.12 %) in bone marrow biopsy sections. 66 cases in 86 cases of bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow smear of WHO classification were in line with the rate of 76.74 %.Conclusion The biopsy slide and the puncture smear synchronization observation is more advantageous than the conventional puncture smear morphology observation and combining two method may increase the accuracy in the MDS diagnosis.

Adult ; Altitude ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Occupational Exposure ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in the treatment of sacrococcygeal decubitus ulcers grade Ⅲ with direct polymerizing suture after appling rhEGF to reinforce wound bed preparation (WBP). Methods From January 2007 to October 2009, 60 patients with sacrococcygeal decubitus ulcers Grade Ⅲ, were divided into control group and treatment group. The ulcer size was 3 cm × 4 cm to 10 cm × 12 cm and all ulcers were infected for 15-70 d. Treatment group received traditional dressing change and appling rhEGF to reinforce wound bed preparation. Control group received traditional dressing change only. The operative technique that we used in two groups was direct polymerizing suture. Cure rate of stage Ⅰ and complication morbidities were analyzed. Results Cure rate of stage Ⅰ was 87% in treatment group and 70% in control group. Complication morbidities were 13% in treatment group and 30% in control group. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Appling rhEGF to reinforce wound bed preparation before operation could make subsequent treatment more effective and improve the cure ratio of operation with decreasing complications and morbidities. And more, dissecting under fascia possesses the advantages of easiness to perform and rich blood supply.The method of appling rhEGF with direct polymerizing suture is a simple, high efficient approach for the first repairment of sacrococcygeal decubitus ulcers grade Ⅲ, especially desirable for the elderly.

Objective To explore the security of spinal anesthesia by observing the pefioperation serum troponin T in the elderly patients with coronary heart disease who underwent spinal anesthesia.Methods 40 case8 were divided into two groups according to the elderly patients with or without the history of coronary heart disease.Group Ⅰ 0f 20 cases were the patients with the history of coronary heart disease.Group Ⅱ of 20 cases were the patients without the history of coronary heart disease.Both groups were undertaken single spinal anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia.The blood samples were collected at the time of perioperation,the end of the operation and 24 hours after surgery.The serum troponin T Was tested by Roche fully automated ehemiluminescent analyzer E170.The symptoms and signs of the coronary heart disease in the patient were observed.And the age,operation time,anesthesia lever,the amount of bleeding and transfusion were recorded,and at the same time,electrocardiogram,heart rate,pulse,cerebral oxygen saturation were monitored.Results There was no significant difference between two groups in age,operation time,anesthesia lever,the amount of bleeding and transfusion,heart rate,pulse,cerebral oxygen saturation.There was no significant difference between two groups in seram troponin T.No symptoms and signs of the coronary heart disease were observed in two groups.There Was no significant difference between two groups in constituent ratio of positive rate of serum troponin T.There was one case in each group that serum lroponin T was more than reference value (0.010μg/L)during the perioperation while the patient was no discomfort.Conclusion Spinal anesthesia has no impact on the change of perioperative 8ertlm troponin T in the elderly patients with coronary heart disease.