Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Models, Biological ; Population Surveillance ; methods

Objective To assess the efficiency and safety of the ureteroscope pneumatic lithotripsy (UBSL) and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urinary tract calculi,and to guide the clinical practice.Methods Through searching the electronic bibliographic databases,including CNKI,VIPand WANFANG database,and searching published articles by hand to assemble the random clinical trial of ureteroscope pneumatic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for urinary tract calculi.The retrieval articles were all Chinese,and the time was from January 1990 to September 2012.The retrieval results were systematically evaluated.Results Three randomized clinical trials involving 124 patients were analyzed.The results of meta-analysis demonstrated:the clearance rote at one time,the rote of efficiency,the rote of operation one more time all had statistically significant difference between two methods.The incidence of renal pain,and the incidence of hematourine had no significant difference between two methods.Conclusions Ureteroscope pneumatic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for urinary tract calculi can improve the clearance rote and efficiency rote as well as decrease the rate of operation one more time.However,it can not reduce the rate of complication of the operation.

As an emergent attack,dyspnea can be caused by a variety of diseases,therefore,it is difficult and important as to the differential diagnosis in clinical practice.In the past,Physicians identified the cause of dyspnea primarily based on the clinical symptoms,signs and laboratory tests.However,dyspnea often misdiagnosed because the similarity and overlapping of clinical manifestations among many different diseases and lack of specificity for those conventional lab tests.Until recently,B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has emerged as a highly sensitive and specific index to identify heart failure,and has made it reality that rapid and accurate differential diagnosis of dyspnea in the lab.In the last couple of years,the differential diagnosis of dyspnea has been remarkably improved because of the increasing new test reagents,advanced devices and better assay techniques.The present article will review the laboratory differential diagnosis of dyspnea between cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.

Pain is a common symptom in patients with terminal cancer and is the main factor that affects their quality of life. Morphine is commonly used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, but the long-time application of morphine results in morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia, which restrict the clinical applications of the anesthetic. In this review, pertinent studies on morphine over recent years were summarized and analyzed, and the mechanism of morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia were discussed, specifically on the function of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in clinical practice. The authors analyzed the relationship between the plastic changes in the nervous system and chronic morphine application in terms of CGRP up-regulation based on its molecular biology charac-teristics and distribution, the relationship between CGRP and chronic application of morphine, and between CGRP and hyperalgesia. The effect of CGRP up-regulation on the nociceptive system and the relationship between CGRP up-regulation and the formation of hy-peralgesia were also analyzed. We discussed the sensitized effect of CGRP up-regulation on the nociceptive system, which promotes morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. This study provides a framework for treating morphine tolerance and can be used as a guide for further research on the topic.

Since recent years, the incidence of precocious puberty has been rising. However, questions regarding its treatment and other conditions remain. This article reviews recent published papers with long-term outcome data and guidelines, and systemical introduction to identification of precocious puberty, different treatment options, therapeutic goals, and indications for different types of diseases, as well as adverse effects of drugs.

This paper introduced the medical device classification in China and USA. Through the comparison between the two systems, several problems in Chinese classification system were exposed. To the end, some suggestions were proposed referred to the classification system of USA.
China ; Device Approval ; standards ; Equipment and Supplies ; classification ; United States

Objective: To develop an uncertainty evaluation method for the determination of Pb, Cd, As, Hg and Cu in Glycyrrhiza by ICP-MS.Methods: The contents of Pb, Cd, As, Hg and Cu in Glycyrrhiza were determined by ICP-MS.The determination process was analyzed to identify the source of uncertainty and the combined uncertainty was calculated.Results: The expanded uncertainty of Pb, Cd, As, Hg and Cu in Glycyrrhiza was 0.114 2, 0.046 2, 0.069 6, 0.029 2 and 1.061 8 mg·kg-1, respectively.Conclusion: The more reliable measurement results can be obtained when the measure is optimized by magnitude analysis of all standard uncertainty.The method is applicable in the uncertainty evaluation of the determination of heavy metals in Glycyrrhiza.It provides important reference for such uncertainty evaluation.

This article reviews the long-term outcome data and guidelines up to date, and systemically reviews the effect of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption, the major effective component in deep-sea fish oil, on metabolic syndrome, including improvements in abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, etc. Its adverse effects are also commented.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Leflunomide and Azathioprine on serum chemokine cx3cl1(fractalkine), cathepsin S and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)in elderly patients with lupus nephritis.Methods:Sixty elderly patients with lupus nephritis admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to July 2019 were selected as the research objects.Patients were divided into two groups by using a random number table method: the Leflunomide group(treated with Leflunomide plus conventional treatment)and the Azathioprine group(treated with azathioprine plus conventional treatment)(n=30, each group). Serum levels of fractalkine and cathepsin S and urine VCAM-1 level before and 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment were measured in the two groups and statistically analyzed.Results:In both groups, serum fractalkine levels were decreased after versus before treatment( F=123.029 and 99.041 respectively, P=0.000). At 6 months after treatment, serum fractalkine level was lower in the leflunomide group(2.34±0.95)μg/L than in the Azathioprine group(2.97±1.01)μg/L( t=2.489, P=0.016). Serum cathepsin S levels were decreased in both groups after treatment( F=106.733 and 64.928, P=0.000). Serum cathepsin S levels were lower in the Leflunomide group that in the azathioprine group at 6 and 9 months after treatment[(24.31±3.15)μg/L vs.(26.92±4.02)μg/L, (21.72±2.67)μg/L vs.(23.89±2.75)μg/L, t=2.799 and 3.101, P=0.007 and 0.003]. After treatment, urinary VCAM-1 levels were decreased in both two treatment groups( F=907.450 and 858.114, P=0.000). At 6 months after treatment, urine VCAM-1 level was lower in the Leflunomide group than in the Azathioprine group[(74.36±9.17)μg/L Cr vs.(86.91±9.22)μg/L Cr, t=5.286, P=0.000)]. The incidences of adverse reactions were low in the two groups, and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions:Leflunomide and Azathioprine can effectively reduce serum levels of fractalkine and cathepsin S and urinary VCAM-1 in elderly patients with lupus nephritis, which suggests that Leflunomide and Azathioprine have similar effects in inhibiting inflammatory reaction, cell matrix degradation and remodeling and vascular cell adhesion.But at early stage of therapy, the effect of Leflunomide was better than that of Azathioprine.And two drugs can be selected according to the specific clinical situation.

An ECG Data Processing System is designed to provide online help for cardiac disease diagnosis. Except for the object-oriented programming technology, this processing system adopts advanced techniques in signal processing area such as Wavelet Transform 、Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm .