Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of the secondary metabolites of the roots of Daphne genkwa. Methods The roots of D. genkwa were extracted with 95% ethanol at 60 - 70 ℃ for 7 days to obtain the crude extract. The crude extract was purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography as well as the HPLC techniques. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by combined spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, MS, UV, IR and CD. Results Three new biflavonoids were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of D. genkwa and their structures were identified as daphnodorin H-3-methyl ether (1), daphnodorin H-3"-methyl ether (2) and daphnodorin G-3"-methyl ether (3). Conclusion Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are three new biflavonoids.

As a species of acute respiratory tract pathogen in mankind, Chlamydia pneumoniae can cause upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, it may also play an important role in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, sarcoid, lung cancer.

Objective　To explore the clinical characters and distributions of the endogenous uveitis.Methods　Both clinical examinations and immunologic investigations were performed in 354 patients with cases of uveitis within six years.Results　Among 354 uveitis, the anterior uveitis were 165 cases(46.6%), the posterior uveitis 118 cases (33.3%),the pan-uveitis 57 cases(16.1%) and the intermediate uveitis 14 cases(4.0%). The blind rate among the patients was 5.9%, the main causes were proliferative retinopathy, secondary glaucoma and complicated cataract. 167 cases(47.2%)of patients were related to the systemic changes, the bone-joints disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Behcet syndrome and toxoplasma infection were common.Conclusion　Complete clinical and immunologic examinations can ensure the defined diagnosis and proper treatment for the patients with endogenous uveitis.

Objective　The retrospective case-control study was applied to investigate the crossing characteristics and the distance between the disc and the first crossing site in super-temporal branch retinal vein obstruction.Methods　Fifty-three cases of branch retinal vein obstruction and 53 cases of controls were collected to observe the artery-vein crossing characteristics and to measure the distance between the disc and the first crossing site.Results　The average distances of super-temporal and infer-temporal branch in case group were significantly different. The distance of the super-temporal branch in case group was significantly different from that in the control group. The distances of the super-temporal branch and infer-temporal branch were not significantly different in control group. The numbers of the arteries over the veins in the super-temporal branch in case and control group were significantly different. Conclusion　The mechanism of super-temporal branch retinal vein obstruction is related with the near distance between the disc and the first crossing, and is also related with the numbers of the arteries over the veins in the crossing site.

The T helper cell 17 (Th17) has important relationship with liver failure caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV).Some studies found that mature,differentiation and proliferation of Th17 cells have a close relationship with interleukin 23,newly discovered in recent years,which function of immune and regulatory mechanism in chronic hepatitis B patients is still unclear.In our country,the main cause of liver failure is hepatitis viruses (mainly HBV),thus the study of immune pathogenesis that why acute exacerbation or liver failure happens in chronic hepatitis B patients has a realistic meaning for improving the prognosis of chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To understand the cognitive status of urology medical staff about hematuria color.Methods The self-designed questionnaire about color cognition was adopted,and the concentration of hematuria samples were determined.The investigation was carried out in 50 health care workers about their cognition of hematuria color.Results The study found that there were differences in color perception between doctors and nurses,doctors and nurses with different titles,doctors and the standard sample,nurses and the standard sample.Conclusions There are differences in judgment and description of the urine sample color in medical personnel,they are more attempted to judge by virtue of work experience and subjective consciousness.Due to the lack of a uniform and objective standards,the medical staff can not accurately and objectively describe the development of patients' condition,thus patients' recovery was affected.Therefore,a unified objective criteria for clinical reference norms of hematuria should be developed as soon as possible to ensure that patients recover quickly and safely.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of aminoglycoside resistance of extend-ed-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli(E, cold and expression of aminoglyco-side-modifying enzyme genes. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of gentamicin,amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, netilmicin and neomycin for 37 strains of ESBLs-producing E. Coli were detected by agar dilution. In addition, six aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes were amplified by polymersae chain reaction(PCR) and verified by DNA sequencing. Results MICand MIC90 of gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin and netilmicin for 37 strains of ESBLs-producing E. Co-Il all excelled 256 μg/mL, the resistance rates of the above antibiotics were 78.4%, 45.9%, 72.9%,83.8%and 64.90%, respectively. However, neomycin still had powerful antibacterial activity. In ad-dition, five modifying enzyme genes, including aac(3)-Ⅱ , aac(6′)-Ⅰ b, aac(6′)-Ⅱ , ant(2″)-Ⅰ and ant(3″)- Ⅰ genes, were found in 37 isoaltes except aac(3)- Ⅰ , and their positive rates were 56.8%,27.0 %, 2.7 %, 5.4 % and 13. 5 %, respectively. Conclusion The aminoglycoside resistance of ES-BLs-producing E. Coil may be associated with the expression of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes.

Objective To compare the effects of invert sugar versus 10% glucose on the blood glucose concentrations of patients in neurosurgical intensive care unit .Methods This is a prospective ,randomized ,double blind and compared study .A total of 40 in-sulin-requiring neurosurgical critical patients were randomized to receive intravenous ,1 000 mL ,either 10% invert sugar (experi-mental group) or 10% glucose(control group) on their first day when they were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU ) .Blood glucose concentrations were measured every four hours and liver and kidney function indicators were recorded respectively .We’ve also compared the difference of the blood glucose concentrations changes between the two groups .Results There were significant differences in the glucose concentration between the two treatment groups (P<0 .05) ,whereas no significant differences in the inci-dences of hypoglycemia ,renal failure and hepatic damage were observed .No allergic reactions were found in both groups .Conclusion 10% invert sugar is a better choice for neurosurgical critical patients who need regular insulin infusion to control blood glucose .

The pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells of rat pancreatic islets were demonstrated by immunocytochemical method. The distribution and morphology of PP cells were investigated in order to observe their changes during postnatal development. At the lst day and 7th day of rat after birth, the PP cells of islets were different from that in adult, the processes of PP cells were not evident, and the immunoreactivity was weaker. In addition, the PP cells were also presented in the duodenum epithtlium. After 18th day, the distribution and morphology of the PP cells did not show obvious difference from that in adult. The percentage of PP cells of islets was less in lst day, and approximated to adult level in 18th day, and over adult level in 28 th day. The above changes of percentage of the PP cells showed mainly in islets in the head of pancreas. The changes of volume density and numerical density per area corresponded with the changes of percentage of the PP cells. Immunoelectron microscopic study showed that the secretory granules (SGs) and gold la belled particles on the SGs of the PP cells in 7th day were less than that in 28th day and adult. Based upon the morphology of the SGs, the PP cells can be classified into two types. The type Ⅰ cells contained SGs with medium electron density or empty-like cores, and larger SGs were more. The type Ⅱ cells contained SGs with lower electron density cores, and small SGs were more. The gold labelled particles in SGs in the type Ⅰ were more than that in the type Ⅱ. The results suggest that the PP cells of rat islets continue to change after birth.

AIM: To establish ()~1H NMR fingerprint of Radix Daphne genkwa to disclose its chemical composition of the secondary metabolites and provide a quick and credible assay for the detoxicated extraction of the active constituents. METHODS: The ()~1H NMR spectrum of petrol-acetone-methanol extract from Radix Dephne genkwa was detected using CDCl_3/DMSO-d_6(1∶1) as the deuterium reagent. The resonance intensity of the proton in the spectrum was indicated in relative integral area of peaks referenced by the resonance intensity of methyl signal in DMSO. The ()~1H NMR of cascade extraction of Radix Dephne genkwa by the reagent in sequence of petrol→acetone→methanol or chloroform→aether→acetyl acetate→methanol was utilized for observing the variation on their chemical compositions. RESULTS: The ()~1H NMR of Radix Dephne genkwa clearly expressed the information of the protons from long chain aliphatics or genkwadaphnin derivatives, aromatic coumarins or flavonoids as well as glycosides with moiety(ies) of pyran saccharide, symbolizing the existence of aliphatics, genkwadaphnin derivatives, coumarins and flavonoids. Remarkable difference was observed in ()~1H NMR spectrum of the extract by different cascade reagent. As the increase in the polarity of reagent, the intensity of the proton signals in upper field was quickly reduced concomitantly with the rapid enhancement of active proton signals from hydroxyls and saccharides in glycosides in down field. CONCLUSION: The ()~1H NMR fingerprint of Radix Dephne genkwa possesses its own characteristics and can be used as a reliable assay for studying the extraction of active constituents with minimum content of toxic diterpenoids. (Key