Objective: To compare the effects of combination of TAM (tamoxifen) and ADR (doxorubicin) with the respective effect of TAM or ADR alone on the growth of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Methods: The mRNA expression of ER (estrogen receptor) in MG-63 cells was detected by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR). The morphological changes of MG-63 cells treated with TAM or ADR alone as well as the combination of them were observed under an inverted microscope, and the cell viability was tested by MTT colorimetric assay. Results: The expressions of ERα and ERβ were found in MG-63 cells. The typical apoptotic change of MG-63 cells was observed in each drug intervention group but not occurred in the control group without drug intervention. MTT colorimetric analysis demonstrated that the proliferation inhibition rate of MG-63 cells in the combination group was significantly higher (even two-fold higher) than those in the single-drug groups (with the same dose or double dose) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ERα and ERβ are expressed in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Both TAM and ADR alone can inhibit the proliferation of MG-63 cells, and the combination of the two can present more obviously inhibitory effect. One of the possible underlying mechanisms might be that TAM can enhance the sensitivity of MG-63 cells to ADR. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of oxymatrine(OMT)and matrine(MT)in dog plasma.METHODS:Plasma protein was precipitated with perchloric acid;OMT and MT were extracted with dichloromethane under strong base condition and then plasma levels of OMT and MT were determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The linear ranges of OMT and MT were 0.2～ 15? g? mL-1 and 0.1～ 5? g? mL-1,respectively,and the detection limits of OMT and MT were 20ng? mL-1.The absolute recoveries,relative recoveries,intra-day and inter-day precisions of OMT and MT were all in line with the standards.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and sensitive yet with little interference,and it is applicable for the determination of OMT and MT in plasma,the studying of the pharmacokinetics,the transformation process and the metabolic pathway of OMT in vivo,furthermore,it serves as guidance for the development of new OMT preparations.

It is easy to appear subcutaneous exudate or flap necrosis after modified radical mastectomy.The treatments of wound are the committed step for the healing after operation.Recent years,there are different methods about the treating of wound after modified radical mastectomy.This article reviewed the treatments of wound after modified radical mastectomy to prevent the complication occurrence,shorten the time of the healing,and create the advantages for the comprehensive treatment.

Purpose:To study the significance of resecting the lymph nodes adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the operation on cNo thyroid papillary carcinoma,and its value inselecting the fashion of operation .Methods:Reviewing the clinical-pathological material of 186 cases of cNo thyroid papillarycary cinoma,and analyzing the relationship between lymph nodes adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and lateral cervical nodes metastasis. Results:Of 186 cases of cNo thyroid papillary cacinoma,there were 42.5% (79/186) with metastatic lymph nodes adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve,63.2% of which had lateral cervical nodes or distant metastasis,while only 8 cases had metastasis in the negative group. Conclusions:The thyroid papillary carcinoma with metastatic nodes adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve means there is a higher chance of metastasis in regions of the neck. Resecting the lymph nodes adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and frozed pathological examination can be a basis to determine whether redical neck dissection should be performed.

We hypothesized that the concentrated urea and NaCl solutions may opened the blood-brain barrier to the horseradish peroxidase and trypan blue-albumin complex by shrinking barrier cells and opening up spaces between them. The experiments were carried out on 30 healthy, adult rats. Two experimental groups were used. First, intracarotid perfusion of anesthetized rats were prepared by exposing and catheterizing the left common carotid artery. A test solution of 3.4 M, 3.0 Osm urea and 0.87 M, 1.6 Osm NaCl, was perfused manually for 30 sec. in a cranial direction so as to expel the blood from the pial arterioles of the exposed brain. The pressure, which was not measured, varied between what was required which to expel blood from both arterioles and venules. Five milliliters of the test solution usually were used. Horseradish peroxidase and trypan blue was injected intravenously or through the carotid artery after perfusion. Threshold of barrier damage due to the intracarotid substance was defined as the lowest osmotality which produced obvious blue staining of the brain both on surface observation and coronal section. The effect of a substance was defined as reversible if a threshold concentration did not produce blue staining when the dye was injected 30 min following perfusion. Second, we applied a concentrated solution of 3.0 Osm urea and 1.6 Osm NaCl to the pia-arachnoid of the cerebral cortex, to study the barrier to the intravascular horseradish peroxidase and trypan blue-albumin complex. Hyperosmotic solution of 3.0 Osm urea and 1.6 Osm NaCl, either infused into one internal corotid artery or applied topically to the pia-arachnoid surface of the brain of rats, results in the opening of endo thelial tight junction through which horseradish peroxidase passes from blood to the basal menbrane and astrocytes and neurons. The evidence for this opening of the blood-brain barrier to protein is the entry of peroxidase into the neurons. It was postulated that sufficiently high concentrations of electrolytes or relatively lipid-insoluble non-electrolytes such as urea, osmotically pulled water from the cerebral endothelial cells resulting in their shrinkage. The shrinkage, in turn, was believed to open the tight junction between continuous endothelial cells so that the dyeprotein complex could pass through the junction from blood to neurons. The present study shows that these tight junctions, the sites of the barrier to neuron movement of protein, are indeed opened by the osmotic action of urea or NaCl.

Objective To study the diagnosis and radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical feature and the effect of radical resection on 38 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinomas.Results Diagnosis was made in all of the patients preoperatively.The radical resection was perfomed on 38 patients.Of them, 3(7.9%) died after operation.After operation, 5 cases (13.2%) developed bile leakage,and 2 of the 5 cases developed subphrenic abscess,which were cured by drainage; 4(10.5%) had right hydrothorax that was cured by conservative therapy; and 3(7.9%)had incision split that was cured by resuture. Among the 35 postoperative survivors,34 (97.1%) were followed up, the 1- and 3-year survival rates were 91.9% and 35.2%.None of the patients survived for 5 years. Conclusions It′s still difficult to make early diagnosis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.The diagnosis mainly depends on the combination of imaging examinations. Nowadays the radical resection rate of hilar cholangiocarunoma is still low, the recurrence and metastasis are common after operation, and few patients can survive for a long time. It suggests that even in radical operation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, the regions of resection and sweep are not enough,and the operative procedure needs to improve further.

BACKGROUND: Repetitive brief and non-lethal cerebral ischemia can produce cumulative neuronal damage and vascular dementia; however, precisely injured patterns and mechanisms are still unclear. Thalamus is an important structure of learning and memory; meanwhile, it is also one of the selectively vulnerable regions of cerebral ischemia.However, there are a few reports about neuronal damage induced by repetitive cerebral ischemia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathological damage and mechanism of neurons induced by repetitive cerebral ischemia in thalamus.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experimental study.SETTING: Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Animal Central Laboratory of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March to December 1999. A total of 72 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, single cerebral ischemic group,repetitive cerebral ischemic group, MK-801 treatment group and saline group.METHODS: Transient global cerebral ischemia models of rats were established with modified Pulsinelli-4 vessel occluing method for single 15-minute ischemia and repetitive three 5-minute ischemia at hourly intervals,followed by 5 hours, 2 days and 4 days of survival. Rats in sham operation group were not treated with burning vertebral artery and clipping common carotid artery. 45Ca autoradiography and light microscopy were used to determine the calcium accumulation and neuronal pathological changes of thalamus following repetitive cerebral ischemia as compared with single cerebral ischemia. The effects of MK-801, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)receptor antagonist, were also examined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution and degree of calcium accumulation and neuronal damage in the thalamus of rats in each group.RESULTS: Sham-operated rats revealed no abnormal calcium accumulation and neuronal damage in the thalamus. At 5 hours following ischemia,slightly abnormal calcium accumulation was found in the partial thalamus of the repeated ischemic group, and the neuronal damage was also relatively severer than that in the single ischemic group (0.98±0.19, 0.60±0.14, P＞ 0.05). At 2 days after ischemia, obviously abnormal calcium accumula tion and neuronal damage were shown in thalamus, and the degree of calcium accumulation and score of neuronal damage in repeated ischemic group were significantly severer than that in single ischemic group (1.62±0.31, 0.88±0.21, P ＜ 0.01). At 4 days, the thalamus calcium accumulation and neuronal damage were further increased, and also that in repeated ischemic group was significantly severer than that in single ischemic group (1.80±0.21, 1.02±0.23, P ＜ 0.01), especially marked calcium accumulation and cumulative damage were shown in the ventral thalamus. MK-801 significantly relieved the abnormal calcium accumulation and neuronal damage in the thalamus in repeated ischemic group, showing significant protection of thalamus neurons as compared with that in saline-treated group (0.20±0.12, 1.80±0.15, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Repetitive non-lethal cerebral ischemia results in an intense cumulative damage in the ventral thalamus, and the excitatory amino acid and Ca2+ may play a major role in it.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical role of two-hour(C2)of CsA in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.METHODS:The whole blood CsA concentration of 9 patients of C0 and 12 of C2 were determined by FPIA method . RESULTS: The satisfactory immunosuppressive concentration was found as follow: C0 was 200～400 ?g?L-1and C2 was 500～700 ?g?L-1.Both C0 and C2 could predict the acute rejection and side-effects,but C2 is more effective.CONCLUSION:The factors that affect the whole blood concentration of CsA were complex. CsA blood concentration monitoring can be used to guide rational use of CsA,but C2 is more effective than C0.

ObjectiveTo explore the poss ib le mechanisms of killing effects of serum from Microtus fortis to Schistosoma japonicum schisto somula in vitro. MethodsSerum was separated into protein fraction and

To determine the effect of pre-operative chemotherapy on apoptosis in breast cancer and to evaluate its signif icance as a prcgnostic marker. MethodsPatients with breast cancer were divided into preoperative chemotherapy group (40 cases)and control group (42 cases). Two groups were analyzed for the appearance of apoptosis by using TUNEL method and electron mi croscope in tissue sections. ResultsApoptosis occurred in 92.5 % of preoperative chemotherapy group and in 78.5 % of control group. The apoptotic indexes were 19.37 + 6.49 and 9.26 + 5.04 ( P ＜ 0.01 ) respectively. Low apoptotic index was related to disease-free survival of patients with breast cancer (P ＜ 0.01 ). ConclusionThe preoperative chemotherapy can induce apoptcsis of breast cancer and improve disease-free survival.