Objective To observe the speech development in monosyllables from Chinese children so as to establish references in the provision of rehabilitation to hearing impaired children.To study any causal relations of monosyllable production and the age factor,and the difference of these words.Methods 2 029 children of the ages from 3 year and 3 months to 6 year and 2 months were studied after they were divided into three age groups.Speech material consisted of 945 commonly used Chinese monosyllables.Each word was used for each test to 50 children or greater for each group.Results The percentage of correctly repeated words was within the rang of 0.76～1(median=0.97)in the young group,0.42～1(median=0.95)for the younger group and 0.40～1(median=0.94)for the youngest group.Statistically significant differences were found between each age(P

BACKGROUND:There are various reports on the effects of fish oil on lipid level at home and abroad.At present,the related researches domestically are carried on mostly taken rats as the animal model. OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of dietetic fish oil on lipid level of golden hamsters with hyperlipemia. DESIGN:A randomized controlled study. SETTING:The experimental animal center of a teaching hospital affiliated to a university. PARTICIPANTS:The experiment was performed in the Experimental Animal Center of Nanjing General Hospital from June to December 2001.Forty male golden hamsters weighing 70 to 90 g(bought from Shanghai Animal Experiment Center) were randomized into 4 groups with 10 in each, named as the control group,0.5 mL fish oil group,0.8 mL fish oil group and 1.2 mL fish oil group. INTERVENTIONS:The golden hamster models of hyperlipemia were established.Golden hamsters in the control group were treated with saline 1 mL per day,while in the 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 mL fish oil groups, fish oil of various dosages was applied(0.5,0.8 and 1.2 mL per day) successively to observe the effects on lipid level. RESULTS:In the 0.8 and 1.2 mL fish oil groups, the levers of triglyceride(TG) were(3.91± 2.32) and(6.22± 3.81)mmol/L respectively,which were remarkably reduced as compared with that in the control group[(9.02± 3.90) mmol/L](t=3.46,P< 0.01;t=2.65,P< 0.05). The TG level in the 0.8 mL fish oil group was significantly different from that in the 0.5 mL fish oil group[(8.14± 3.84) mmol/L](t=2.92,P < 0.05).The level of cholesterol and high density lipoprotein(HDL) had insignificant differences(P >0.05). CONCLUSION:Dietetic fish oil acts on reducing blood TG,for which, the effect of the moderate dosage is the best. Its effects in reducing cholesterol and increasing HDL are not apparent.

Objective To study the association of neuregulin 1(NRG1)gene SNPrs2954041 polymorphisms with schizophrenia and cognitive function.Methods 70 psychiatric patients were selected as observation group, 70 healthy persons were selected as control group.NRG1 gene SNPrs2954041 polymorphism was detected,and the patients'cognitive function and neurological NSS score were evaluated.Results The differences of SNPrs2954041 polymorphism genotype and allele frequencies between the two groups were statistically significant(χ2 =35.412,29.341, all P =0.000).The differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the male observation patients and male control group were statistically significant(χ2 =24.571 ,18.391 ,all P =0.000).The differences in genotype and allelefrequencies between female the observation patients and female control group were statistically significant (χ2 =14.145,13.024,all P =0.000).The difference of memory understanding among the three groups was statistically sig-nificant(F =3.781,P =0.031).The difference of digit span,correct number,errors number,errors continued num-ber,non -sustained errors number in three groups showed no significant differences(F =0.702,0.125,0.089, 0.692,0.113,P =0.498,0.882,0.927,0.512,0.748),the difference of neurological soft signs score of T/T geno-type[(6.79 ±0.55)points],T/G genotype[(6.88 ±0.51 )points]and G/G genotype[(6.53 ±0.39)points]in schizophrenia group was not statistically significant(F =0.142,P =0.843).Conclusion NRG1 gene SNPrs2954041 polymorphism was related to schizophrenia and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.

Object In order to control the quality of crude drug, the total flavonoids of Epimedium koreanum Nakai were investigated Methods By repeated chromatographic methods 13 compounds were isolated and purified, and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13 CNMR, HMBC, EI MS) Results They were identified as icariside II (Ⅰ), icariside I (Ⅱ), epimedoside C (Ⅲ), epimedin B (Ⅳ), icariin (Ⅴ), hyperoside (Ⅵ), hexandraside E (Ⅶ), anhydroicaritin (Ⅷ), maltol (Ⅸ), demethylanhydroicaritin (Ⅹ), insistol (Ⅺ), epimedoicarisoside A ( ⅩⅡ ) and (+) cycloolivil ( ⅩⅢ ) Conclusion Compounds Ⅶ, Ⅺ, ⅩⅢ were isolated from E koreanum for the first time, and Ⅶ was obtained from the plants of Epimedium L for the first time

Objective To discuss CT appearance and differential diagnosis of costal cartilage fracture in adult.Methods CT findings of 30 costal cartilage fractures in 20 cases were analyzed.Results On the basis of fractural location and CT appearanes,the fractures were divided three types:14 line-like fracture in 10 cases,9 local focal cleft within the costal cartilage in 6 cases and 7 massed fractures in 4 cases.Conclusion CT is of great value in diagnosing costal cartilage fracture.

Objective To assess the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and extrageni-tal Bowen's disease. Methods Regular PCR with consensus primers for LI region as well as mix primers and nested PCR were performed to detect the DNA of a broad range of cutaneous and mucosal HPV types in tissue samples from lesions of 41 patients with extragenital Bowen's disease and from normal skin of 48 human controls. Semiquantitative PCR and tyramide-based in situ hybridization (ISH) were also conducted to determine the load and localization of HPV DNA in HPV-positive samples. Results HPV DNA was detected in lesions from 5 (12%) of the 41 patients with extragenital Bowen's disease. Of the 5 HPV-positive patients, 3 carried mucosal HPV types (HPV16 in 2 cases, HPV 33 in 1 case) with a viral load of 101 to 103 copies, 2 cutaneous HPV types (HPV27 in 1 case and HPV76 in 1 case). As ISH showed, there was a generalized expression of mucosal HPV DNA in most tumor cell nuclei but not in peritumoral normal tissue, and no expression of cutaneous HPV DNA was observed in lesions. HPV DNA was detected in 1 (2.1%) control tissue sample, which proved to be epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated HPV23. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of HPV DNA between the patients and controls. The viral load of cutaneous HPV types amounted to 10-2 to 10-3 copies in the 2 patients, which was similar to that of HPV 23 in the normal control. Conclusion Mucosal HPV types may be closely associated with the development of extragenital Bowen's disease.

Histone modification participates in the occurrence and development of the diseases though affecting gene transcrip-tion activity by acetylation,methylation,phosphorylation,and other forms.It is an important field in the study of epigenetics. Numerous studies have demonstrated that histone modification plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liv-er diseases.This paper reviews the recent progress in under-standing the role and mechanisms of histone modification in alco-holic liver disease,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,viral hepati-tis,liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of liver diseases and drug development.

ObjectiveTo develop a new nested PCR to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in lesions of extragenital Bowen's disease.Methods DNA was extracted from the lesions of 41 patients with extragenital Bowen's disease and suhjected to the amplification of HPV by a nested PCR.Five primers,including CN1FR,CN2FR,CN3FR,CN4FR and CN5FR,were designed and used in the second round PCR.ResultsBased on the ClustalX analysis,69 HPV subtypes,including mucosal types,cutaneous types and epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated types,could be amplified by using the 5 designed primers.The detection limit varied from 10-3 to 10-2 copies of HPV DNA for this PCR.Of the 41 lesional specimens,5 were positive for HPV DNA,including 3 cases of high-risk HPV types(2 cases of HPV 16,1 case of HPV 33) and 2 cases of cutaneous HPV types(1 case of HPV 27 and 1 case of HPV 76).ConclusionsThe improved nested PCR is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of HPV DNA in lesions of extragenital Bowen's disease.The development of extragenital Bowen's disease may be associated with the infection with high-risk mucosal HPV types in some patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of 3-N-butylphthalide ( NBP ) pretreatment on the score of neurological deficit , oxidative stress and pathomorphology in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury ( CIRI ) . Methods Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group ( Sham group ) , model group ( IR group), NBP pretreatment low dose group (NBPⅠgroup), NBP pretreatment middle dose group(NBPⅡgroup) and NBP pretreatment high dose group(NBPⅢgroup), 18 rats per group.Pretreatment was given once a day within 1 week before establishing the model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury .The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) was subjected by suture method .The score of neurological deficit was executed after ischemia for 2h and reperfusion for 24h in all the rats.The cerebral infarction was observed by TTC staining .The pathologic change of brain was observed by HE staining under the microscope .Hydroxylamine method was used to detect activity of SOD , chemical colorimetry method was used to measure activity of GSH-PX, and TBA method was used to detect content of MDA .Results (1) In Sham group, the score of neurological deficit and the percentage of infarction volume were zero , the morphology of nerve cell was regular , and activity of SOD, GSH-PX and content of MDA of brain tissue were normal .(2) Compared with IR group , the score of neurological deficit was significantly reduced in NBP pretreatment groups (all P<0.01); the score of neurological deficit was decreased progressively in turn in NBP Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲgroup (all P<0.05).(3) Compared with IR group, the percentage of infarction volume was cut down progressively in turn in NBPⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲgroup (all P<0.05), and neuron injury was also induced obviously in NBP pretreatment groups .(4) Activity of SOD, GSH-PX was largely increased , and content of MDA was greatly decreased in NBP pretreatment groups ( P<0.01 ) .Activity of SOD , GSH-PX went up progressively in turn , and contents of MDA were cut down progressively in turn in NBP Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲgroup ( all P<0.05 ) .Conclusion 3-N-butylphthalide can significantly up-regulate the activity of SOD and GSH-PX, decrease the content of MDA , reduce the percentage of infarction volume , and relieve the damage of nerve cell to preventively protect the rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury .

Objective In order to improve blood donors to understand the health education knowledge,this study designed and evaluated a new project,that is the health education pathway for primary apheresis donors.Methods A total of 2900 primary apheresis donors participated in the current study,who were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group was performed the health education pathway for primary apheresis donors,while the control group was conducted in the traditional health educational ways.We compared the basic information,the awareness rate of apheresis donation knowledge,the number of regnlar/repeated donors,and the frequency of donations.Results Two groups were matched with no group differences in basic information (P＞0.05).After performed the health education pathway for primary apheresis donors,the awareness rate of apheresis donation knowledge was significantly improved from 23.6％ to 84.3％ (P＜0.01).Moreover,the percentage of regular donors (40.2％) in the experimental group higher than the percentage (26.7％) in the control group(P＜0.01).The average donation times of experimental group (3.8) was also higher than the control group.There were 79.2％ donors changed to regular/repeated donors higher than the percentage (66.4％) in the control group,and the average frequency of apheresis of those regular/repeated apheresis donors (7.4) in the experimental group higher than the control group (6.4) (P＜0.01).Conclusion As showed in our results,the health education pathway for primary apheresis donors could effectively help donors to understand the knowledge of blood donation and health care,and promote team construction of regular donors.We hope,in the future,the health education pathway for primary apheresis donors could be widely spread.