Theory of “combination of disease with syndrome” has been widely used in the establishment and evaluation of experimental animal models. The ulcerative colitis animal models with spleen-kidney yang deficiency pattern were established based on the theory according to complex factors. These models were not only required to show the features of “disease” and “syndrome” at the macro characterization, but also combined with microscopic biological indicators and prescription test so as to make comprehensive evaluation. But the problems in the establishment and evaluation of “combination of disease with syndrome” models hindered further development, such as the weak connection between disease and syndrome, multiplicity of models, and limitations in evaluation standards. Therefore, further improvement in the establishment and evaluation of models will make great sense to better ulcerative colitis animal models with spleen-kidney yang deficiency pattern.

BACKGROUND:SenseWear Pro Armband (SWA) is a monitoring device of physical activity energy consumption which consists of many kinds of motion sensors, and it has been widely used in the study of physical activity energy consumption in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the SWA accuracy, software version, time of wear as wel as its application in different populations and at different physical activity levels, for the purpose of providing some practical reference in the future usage of SWA. METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI (ful-text database), PubMed and Web of Science databases was done for relevant articles published before January 2015 using the keywords of “physical activity, sensewear pro armband, energy expenditure, review” in Chinese and English, respectively. Articles published in core journals or SCI database were preferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Double labeled water method and indirect measurement method serve as standard criteria, and the relevant study shows that SWA has higher accuracy and can effectively evaluate the daily physical activity energy consumption. But under the special circumstances, there are some differences, such as different people and different exercise intensities. Meanwhile, to determine the appropriate wearing time and software version for data statistics are also one of the factors influencing the accuracy of the final result. SWA can accurately predict physical activity energy consumption, but for different populations and exercise intensities, it is necessary to improve the further calculation formula of SWA.

The quantity and quality of the papers cited by SCI are key standards that measure the level of basic research,academic status and teaching quality of a university.In this paper,we studied on the papers cited by SCI by statistical analysis and comparative methods in 30 well-known Chinese and foreign medical universities from 2001 to 2005.The research result showed that there is some disparity in the scale and condition of the scientific research and the technical level among Chinese medical universities and foreign medical universities.Meanwhile,it Was suggested that how to improve the quantity and quality of the papers cited by SCI in Chinese medical universities.

Objective To assess the correlation between the subclasses of antibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3 and disease activity in patients with pemphigus. Methods Sera were collected from 47 patients with pemphigus, and ELISA was performed to determine the titers and subclasses of antibodies against Dsg1 and Dsg3. The correlation of antibody titers and subclasses with disease activity was assessed.Results Clinical phenotype was associated with antibody profiles in these patients with pemphigus. Of 17 patients with mucocutaneous involvement, 14 (82.4%) had both anti-Dsg3 and anti-Dsg1 antibodies; of 16 patients with cutaneous involvement, 15 (93.7%) had anti-Dsg1 antibody, only 1 (6.3%) developed anti-Dsg3 antibody; of 6 patients with mucosal involvement, all ( 100% ) had only anti-Dsg3 antibody. The serum levels of antibodies against Dsg1 and Dsg3 were increased, but not in parallel with the disease severity in these patients.Moreover, the subclasses of antibodies were correlated with disease severity. IgG4 subclass antibodies against Dsg1 and Dsg3 predominated in patients with pemphigus at active stage, whereas IgG1 subclass in those at remission stage. The serum levels (expressed as absorbance value) of IgG4 and IgG1 subclass antibodies were 1.92 ± 1.21 and 0.60 ± 0.61 respectively, with the ratio of IgG4 to IgG1 more than 1, in patients with antiDsg1 antibodies at active stage, 0.03 ± 0.02 and 0.22 ± 0.11 respectively with the ratio of IgG4 to IgG1 less than 1, in those at remission stage, 2.35 ± 2.17 and 1.84 ± 1.16 respectively with the ratio of IgG4 to IgG1 more than 1 in patients with anti-Dsg3 antibodies at active stage, 0.15 ± 0.16 and 1.05 ± 0.77 respectively with the ratio of IgG4 to IgG1 less than 1 in those at remission stage. Conclusions The subclasses of pemphigus-specific antibodies are closely correlated with the disease severity in patients with pemphigus. The detection of subclasses and titers of anti-Dsg1 and anti-Dsg3 antibodies may aid in the diagnosis of and monitoring of disease severity in pemphigus.

The specific functions, stimulating methods and ranges of clinical application of Renying (ST 9) are explored. Because Renying (ST 9) is located in the neck which is a dangerous area, it is perilous if the acupoint is stimulated, so it is mostly forbidden in the past dynasties. In recent years, the main stimulating methods for Renying (ST 9) include acupuncture and press. The keys of acupuncture are to apply correct technique of needle insertion and control the depth and direction of needle. The keys of press are focused on strength and time of press. Renying (ST 9) is effective for vertigo, palpitation, asthma, hemiplegia, aphasia, hysteria, acute attack of pain, hyperplasia of mammary, continuous hiccup, disorder of throat and so on. As long as the acupoint location is accurate, manipulation is careful and stimulating method is correct, not only the safety could be guaranteed, but also the function can be well-played in clinical application.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

BACKGROUND:Recent research has shown that transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) migrate to the injured regions and exert their therapeutic effects in cases of intracranial trauma, stroke, inflammation and degenerative disease.The specific mechanisms involved in their migration to lesions are still to be fully elucidated.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of stromal cells derived factor-1(SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 on the migration of transplanted BMSCs to ischemic brain lesions.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:The cytological in vivo study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from February 2008 to February 2009.MATERIALS:Bone marrow samples were obtained from normal or primary affection non-involved bone marrow patients aged 15-40 years at the Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.A total of 72 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats aged 3-4 months were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.METHODS:Human BMSCs were isolated by combination of gradient centrifugation and different adherent time method.The transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) was induced using intraluminal vascular occlusion in 54 rats, based on the method described by Nagasawa et al.The remaining 18 rats served as sham operation group, only inserted with thread for 10 mm depth.At 2, 4 and 8 days after cerebral ischemia, the expression of SDF-1 in the ischemic brain was determined by real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 9 rats from either group.The remaining 36 rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were equally and randomly assigned into a cell transplantation and solution control groups.1 mL human BMSCs(2?109/L cells) or 1 mL phosphate buffered saline were slowly infused through the caudal vein at 24 hours following reperfusion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression in human BMSCs was determined.SDF-1 mRNA and protein expression following ischemia/reperfusion were detected.Migration of transplanted human BMSCs into the damaged region was observed through immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:RT-PCR showed that human BMSCs were positive for CXCR4 mRNA.Immunocytochemistry revealed that CXCR4 mainly expressed in cell membrane and cytoplasm of human BMSCs.At 2, 4 and 8 days following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, SDF-1 mRNA levels showed an increased tendency, and showed significant difference compared with the sham operation group(P

BACKGROUND: Transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migrate to the injured regions and exert their therapeutic effects. The specific mechanisms involved in their directional migration to lesions remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and CX3CR1 expression of human BMSCs in hypoxia culture. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The cytology in vitro study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Xingqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from February 2008 to February 2009. MATERIALS: Cells harvested from the iliac heparinized bone marrow were obtained by iliac crest aspiration from healthy adult volunteers, aged 15 to 40 years old, at the Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. METHODS: Bone marrow was obtained by puncture. Human BMSCs were harvested by combination of density and gradient centrifugation and different adherent method. Cells at passage 3 were incubated in a 25 cm2 flask. When 70%-80% confluence was found, cells were incubated at 37 ℃ and saturated humidity in an incubator containing 3% O2, 5% CO2, 92% N2 for 48 hours, and those incubated under normal oxygen as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology was examined by phase contrast microscopy. Cell surface markers were tested by flow cytometer. The CXCR4 and CX3CR1 mRNA expression were detected by real-time PCR. The CXCR4 and CX3CR1 protein expression were determined by Western blot assay. RESULTS: All of the cells had a fibroblast-like morphology cultured in vitro and reached 90% confluence at 12-14 days, with the presence of polarity arrangement and whirlpool-shape. Cells were uniformly positive for CD105 (99.38%) and CD29 (99.13%), but negative for CD14 and CD45. Exposure of BMSCs to 3% O2 increased expression of the CXCR4 mRNA and CX3CR1 mRNA, which were respectively 2.130 times and 2.361 times of normal culture; expression of the CXCR4 protein and CX3CR1 protein was respectively 1.69 times and 1.93 times of normal culture. CXCR4 and CX3CR1 mainly expressed in membrane and cytoplasm of human BMSCs. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia (3% O2) can upregulate the expression of CXCR4 and CX3CR1 in human BMSCs, which might be one of the machenisms underlying the migration of BMSCs.

Objective To develop a simple and quick method for detection of stress-induced 5′transfer RNA( tRNA) halves.Methods Total RNA purified from stress induced cells was polyadenylated by poly( A) polymerase, and then degen-erate DNA probes were used to hybridize with 3′tRNA-halves of intact tRNAs,while RNase H specifically degraded the 3′tRNA-halves strand in tRNA-DNA probes hybrids.Using the RNase H digestion total RNA as templates, complementary DNA( cDNA) was synthesized by oligo ( dT) n-anchored primers.The primer of 5′tRNA halves and anchored-primer were used to amplify 5′tRNA halves by PCR.Results The results showed that the method of poly ( A )-tailed-RNase H digestion-RT-PCR could be successfully used to detect stress-induced 5′tRNA halves.Conclusion A simple and quick method for detection of 5′tRNA halves has been established,which is a user-friendly tool for 5′tRNA halves detection and function research.

Balloon Occlusion ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Humans ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sclerotherapy

Objective To explore the mechanisms underlying the mediating effect of regulatory B (Breg)cells in the pathogenesis of pemphigus.Methods Peripheral blood specimens were collected from 48 patients with pemphigus at different degrees of severity and 20 healthy controls.Flow cytometry was conducted to analyze the frequency of Breg(CD19 +CD24hiCD38hi)cells in peripheral CD19+ B cells,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)to determine the titer and subtypes of anti-desmoglein(Dsg)1 and 3 antibodies in sera from these subjects.The relationship of anti-Dsg 1 and 3 antibodies with the frequency of Breg cells was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation test.Results Significant differences were observed in the proportion of Breg cells in CD19+ B cells between patients with pemphigus and healthy controls(11.54％ ± 0.97％ vs.8.19％ ± 0.85％,P =0.04),as well as between patients with acute mild pemphigus and those with moderate and severe pemphigus(5.17％ ± 2.14％ vs.11.38％ ± 5.30％ and 11.17％ ± 5.31％,P =0.042,0.046,respectively).The frequency of Breg cells was positively correlated with the absorbance value for anti-Dsg1 antibodies of IgG4 subclass and IgG4/IgG1 ratio(r =0.527,0.565,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Breg cells are mainly associated with the production of antibodies in and disease severity of pemphigus,while the actual mechanism of action remains unknown.