Objective To investigate students' view about the laboratory medicine curriculum and teaching reform,and to provide reference for further reform and development. Methods The students specialized in laboratory medicine in School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University were involved in the survey.Questionnaires were answered and analyzed.The research method of expert consultation was adopted. Results Students had some different opinions for course content,structure and so on,and they expected more clinical practice,more hands operation,and more teachers' guidance.Conclusion To train laboratory technicians,it was necessary to build a reasonable system of professional courses and train practical talents.

Objective To investigate whether fasting obestatin level is different in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, and to explore the association between obestatin and lipid metabolism. Methods Eighty-four subjects without known diabetes were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance(NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (DM) Plasma obestatin levels were measured with a radioimmunoassay. The relationship between fasting obestatin levels and metabolic parameters was also analyzed. Results Fasting obestatin levels were lower in DM group [(2.82±0.78)ng/ml] and IGT group [(3.25±0.29)ng/ml] than in NGT group[(3.55±0.57) ng/ml, P＜0.01]. Triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels gradually increased among the three groups (P＜0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed fasting obestatin level was independently associated with waist-to-hip ratio, triglyeride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The regression equation was obestatin=6.953-3.412×W/H-0.175×TG-0.123×LDL-C. Conclusions The decreased obestatin may be associated with IGR and T2DM, and obestatin level may be associated with lipid metabolism.

Healthy Beagle dogs were administrated with batroxobin by intravenous infusion at high, medium and low doses. The study of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics was intended to clarify the relevance of them and provided strong evidence for clinical use of batroxobin. The blood samples were collected after injection based on the time schedule and samples were tested by ELISA method to get the concentration of batroxobin. At the same time, changes of prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib) and D-dimmer were tested. The results showed that the concentration of D-D increased significantly after administration compared with that of before administration. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: t1/2 were (2.27 +/- 0.42) h, (10.65 +/- 2.19) h and (11.01 +/- 3.51) h; C(max) were (11.9 +/- 1.72) ng x mL(-1), (154.53 +/- 12.38) ng x mL(-1) and (172.14 +/- 47.33) ng x mL(-1); AUC(last) were (29.38 +/- 3.69) ng xh x mL(-1), (148.43 +/- 72.85) ng x h x mL(-1) and (599.22 +/- 359.61) ng x h x mL(-1). The elimination of batroxobin was found to be in accord with linear kinetics characteristics. The results of pharmacodynamics showed that D-dimmer level increased significantly after the administration of batroxobin, which was similar with the changes of batroxobin plasma concentration. Simultaneously, Fib concentrations in Beagle dog blood decreased significantly after the iv administration of batroxobin, while recovered to base level after 48 hours. PT, TT and APTT significantly became longer after administration, which returned to normal level after 48 hours. Especially, the D-dimmer levels and the batroxobin concentration in plasma after intravenous infusion of the drug were synchronized in Beagle dogs. Changes between PD/PK results had obvious correlation, and the D-dimmer levels in plasma can be one of the important monitoring indicators of batroxobin in thrombolytic medication.

Objective To compare the differences of disease spectrum between patients with brain trauma injury (TBI) in the high altitude areas and those in the plain areas.Methods The front page information of medical records of local TBI patients admitted to military hospitals from 2001 to 2007 was extracted from the Chinese Trauma Database.Ten military hospitals from high altitude areas (high altitude group) and 10 military hospitals with the same hospital level from plain areas (plain group) were selected and the patients in the two groups were compared for their differences in general condition and disease spectrum.Results High altitude group displayed a larger proportion of male patients (P＜0.01),a lower age (P＜0.01),a smaller proportion of patients with Han nationality (P＜0.01),asmaller proportion of emergency patients (P＜0.01),a larger proportion of critically ill patients (P＜0.01),a lower median of hospital days (P＜0.01),a lower operation rate (P＜0.01),as compared with the plain group.The injury of the patients with TBI in turn were intracranial organ injury (excluding those with skull fracture),open wound of head,neck,and trunk,skull fracture,injury of nerves and spinal cord.The orders of TBI disease spectrum of the high altitude and plain groups were the same,but the disease compositions of the two groups had significant difference (P＜0.01).Conclusions Thereexist significant differences in demographics,admission status and disease spectrum of TBI patients inhigh altitude and plain areas.However,the current clinical treatments of TBI in high altitude areas are usually with reference to the experience in plain areas,which is worthy of paying attention by relevant departments.

Objective To study the role of Anopheles anthropophagus in malaria transmission and transmission threshold so as to provide basis for vector surveillance and malaria control strategy. Methods Parasitological and entomological methods were used in the investigation at 5 villages of Xinyang City, Henan Province. Results From July to August, 1999, 74 febrile cases (10\^9% of the total population) were examined. Among them 50 were infected, the incidence in the population of surveyed spots was 7\^4%. Active detection was made in another randomly selected two villages and found that the parasite rate in the inhabitants was 2\^0%, and the positive rate of IFA was 8\^4%. Only vivax malaria was detected. An.anthropophagus and An.sinensis were collected, with An.anthropophagus as the predominant one in human dwellings. The estimated man\|biting rate and the human blood index were 4\^9388 and 0\^7858 respectively. The vectorial capacity of An. anthropophagus was 5\^5296. The critical man\|biting rate of An.anthropophagus was 0\^2407 as calculated by the formula (ma=-rlnP/abP\+n) according to Macdonald′s model.The local man\|biting rate was 20 times higher than that of the critical man\|biting rate. Conclusion The results demonstrated that An.anthropophagus is the principal vector in malaria transmission in the area. The findings imply that the critical man\|biting rate is of practicable importance in vector surveillance.

Objective To compare the acceptance of 2 different teaching modes－physicians and therapists teaching together and separately in continuing education students of rehabilitation medicine. Methods A questionnaire was filled by the students who attended the lectures of both Rehabilitation of Elbow Injury and Rehabilitation of Wrist Injury in the 9th National Orthopedic Class. The former lecture was taught by the rehabilitation physician and physical therapist together (together mode), and the latter lecture was taught by the rehabilitation physician and physical therapist separately (separate mode). The questionnaire included the choices and text questions. Results There were 45 copies of effective questionnaire all together. The satisfaction of both lectures were above 90%. As to teaching modes, 77.8% students liked together mode better, and 22.2% students preferd the separate mode. 93.9% students would or maybe use together mode in their future work, and 88.9% in separate mode. Conclusion The mode of physician and therapist giving lectures together is well accepted by students.

Objective: To uncover the underlying mechanisms of action of the Yinlai decoction on high-calorie diet-induced pneumonia through proteomics analysis. Methods: Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, lung tissue samples from normal and high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice in the GSE16377 dataset were selected as test cohorts to identify differentially expressed genes and conduct bioinformatics analyses. In the animal experiments, mice were randomly divided into the control (N), high-calorie diet pneumonia (M), and Yinlai decoction treatment (Y) groups. Mice in the M group received high-calorie feed and a 0.5 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide solution spray for 30 min for 3 d. The mice in the Y group were intragastrically administered 2 mL/10 g Yinlai decoction twice daily for 3 d. Pathological evaluation of the lung tissue was performed. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the lung tissue were identified using quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses. The drug-target relationships between Yinlai decoction and core DEPs in the lung tissue were verified using AutoDock Vina and Molecular Graphics Laboratory (MGL) Tools. DEPs were verified by western blot. Results: GEO data mining showed that an HFD altered oxidative phosphorylation in mouse lung tissue. The Yinlai decoction alleviated pathological damage to lung tissue and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet. A total of 47 DEPs were identified between the Y and M groups. Enrichment analysis revealed their association with energy metabolism pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation. The protein-protein interaction network revealed that Atp5a1, Pdha1, and Sdha were the target proteins mediating the therapeutic effects of Yinlai decoction. Molecular docking results suggested that the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of Yinlai decoction involves the binding of brassinolide, praeruptorin B, chrysoeriol, and other components in Yinlai decoction to Atp5a1. Conclusion The Yinlai decoction alleviated lung tissue damage and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet by regulating the TCA and oxidative phosphorylation. Our study highlights the importance of a healthy diet for patients with pneumonia and provides a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia through dietary adjustments.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the imaging features of urinary dysfunction associated with ketamine abuse (KAUD) for imaging diagnosis of KAUD.

METHODSWe analyzed the imaging findings in 45 patients with KAUD, all having a history of ketamine abuse and presenting with severe lower urinary tract symptoms. The patients underwent imaging examinations with ultrasonography (n=45), X-ray (n=38), computed tomography (n=28), magnetic resonance imaging (n=10) or single photon emission computed tomography (n=25), and the results were classified and evaluated to identify the common imaging findings.

RESULTSThe imaging changes of KAUD were found primarily in the urinary and biliary system. The most common imaging characteristics included thickening of the bladder wall, contracture and decreased functional volume of the bladder, dilation of the ureter and hydronephrosis, stricture of the upper ureter, renal impairment, dilation of the biliary system, and inflammation or swelling of the adjacent organs and lymph nodes

CONCLUSIONKAUD presents with typical imaging changes. Radiologists should be aware of KAUD if the typical imaging features are detected, especially in cases with a history of ketamine abuse.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Ketamine ; adverse effects ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Substance-Related Disorders ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the factors involved in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and to provide the preliminary data for the evaluation of current criteria for ROP screening.

METHODPremature infants with birth body weight (BBW) ≤ 2000 g or gestational age (GA) ≤ 34 weeks in the two hospitals in Zhejiang between March 2005 and November 2008 were recruited and examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy. The records were analyzed.

RESULTOne thousand two hundred and twenty-five premature infants were included. Of them, 713 were male and 512 female. There were 179 twins and 21 triplets in the premature infants. The incidence of ROP was 10.8% (132 in 1225 patients). There were 12 cases (0.98%) to the point of pre threshold ROP. 4 cases (0.3%) developed threshold ROP. Only one case developed pre threshold ROP of low risk among 65 cases without history of oxygen treatment (1.5%). The percentage has significant difference compared to that of cases with history of oxygen (χ(2) = 5.115, P < 0.01).Between ROP and Non-ROP groups, there was significant difference in BBW(F = 26.39, P < 0.001), gestational age (F = 19.73, P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in sex (χ(2) = 0.279, P > 0.05) or twins and triplets (χ(2) = 3.449, P > 0.05). The incidence of ROP among premature infants with BBW ≤ 1000 g was more than three times of that with BBW > 1000 g, and the incidence of ROP among premature infants with GA ≤ 28 weeks was about 2.5 times of that with GA > 28 weeks. Logistic regression analysis indicated that less BBW or shorter GA or undulation of blood oxygen concentration was a significant risk factor involved in the development of ROP (r = 0.57, P < 0.05). All ROP patients were cured.

CONCLUSIONLess BBW, shorter GA and undulation of blood oxygen concentration are the important risk factors for the development of ROP. Premature infants with BBW ≤ 1000 g or GA ≤ 28 weeks, who had oxygen history, should be given very special attention in the ROP screening. The current criteria for ROP screening should be narrowed. In general, the ROP screening has lowered the incidence of blindness among children by investigating and treating ROP timely.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a phenylalanine-free amino acid-based enteral formula (AA-PKU2) in the treatment of children with phenylketonuria (PKU) aged 1-8 years.

METHODSA prospective, open, self-controlled, multi-center trial was performed, enrolling 121 PKU children (1-8 years in age) consecutively between July, 2009 and May, 2011. Enteral nutrition therapy was administered for 32 weeks. The data on blood phenylalanine (PHE) levels, metal development, weight, height, head circumference, serum nutritional biomarkers (total protein, pre-albumin, albumin, total cholesterol, total triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and measurements from routine blood and urine examinations and from renal and hepatic function tests were collected before the therapy and at 8 weeks and 32 weeks after the therapy and were comparatively analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean blood PHE level at 8 and 32 weeks of AA-PKU2 treatment was 353±253 and 361±280 µmol/L respectively, significantly lower than that before the treatment (487±327 µmol/L; P<0.01). The difference in intelligence quotient scores before and after AA-PKU2 treatment was not significant (P>0.05) when assessed by the Gesell tests in children aged 1-4 years but significant (P<0.01) when assessed by WPPSI or WISR-R tests in children over 4 years. The average height, weight and head circumference at 8 and 32 weeks after treatment were significantly increased as compared to these measurements before treatment (P<0.01) with absolute levels similar to those in the control children. In contrast, the mean values of total protein, pre-albumin, albumin, total cholesterol, total triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at both time points were not different either from those prior to the treatment or from those in the control children. Mild diarrhea was the adverse events associated with AA-PKU2 treatment, which occurred in 3 (2.5%) cases. All these 3 patients fully recovered without treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe phenylalanine-free amino acid-based formula, AA-PKU2, is effective and safe in controlling blood PHE levels and improving mental development with adequate nutritional support in PKU.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intelligence ; Male ; Phenylalanine ; blood ; Phenylketonurias ; diet therapy ; psychology ; Prospective Studies