Objectives:To understand the human resources and costs of essential public health services based on community health service centers in Beijing’s rural areas and to offer policy recommendations for advancing the progress of essential public health services. Methods:With the self-designed questionnaire, the paper collected data from the districts of Changping, Tongzhou, Huairou and Miyun. By cluster random sampling, 12 community health service centers and 108 personnel were surveyed based on the level of economic development. Results: The number of young women, preventive personnel and staff with low ranking positions represents a significant share of all essen-tial public health service providers. Beijing’s rural areas deploy a great deal of human resources for vaccination and health education with little set aside for women’s health and reproductive health. The unit cost of setting special col-umns for health education and field disease treatment is higher than other service items. The suburbs deploy a great deal of human resources for service items than the outskirts while the unit costs are lower. Conclusions: Human re-source for essential public health services in Beijing’s rural areas should be strengthened. The costs of service items differ greatly so that policy adjustments and finances should be implemented based on actual demand and resources.

Objective:To develop a simple and efficient method for constructing a middle fragment-deleted mutant of MHC class Ⅱ molecule transactivator(CⅡTA)mutant with the 109~(th)to 226~(th) amino acid codons deleted.Methods: Two gene fragments at each end of the deleted CⅡTA gene were obtained by OE-PCR method and were mixed together for 8 PCR cycles without primers to achieve effective overlapping,then 2 primers was added for amplification of the desired fragments.The amplification products were subsequently cloned into eukaryotic vector pIRES for identification.Results: A mutant of CⅡTA with the 109~(th)to 226~(th) amino acids deleted was successfully constructed.Conclusion: This modified OE-PCR technique overcomes some shortcomings of traditional method and is very suitable for constructing mutants with middle fragment deletion,making it worth to be popularized.

Objective To investigate the leptin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD)and its influen- cing factors.Methods 30 CAPD patients and 30 henhhy controls were enrolled in the study.Leptin was measured by ELISA.C reactive protein(CRP)by transmisson turbidmetry.Body mass index(BMI),fasting insulin(FINS), blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr)etc were also determined.These patients were classified to two nutritional categories based on SGA normal nutrition and malnutrition.The relationship between serum leptin concentra- tion and these indices was analysed.Results Serum leptin levels in CAPD group was significantly higher than those of healthy control(P

Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with diabetes are prone to have depression and anxiety.This article reviews the evidence,mechanism,complications and strategy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors paroxetine in treatment of depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To develop a simple and efficient method for constructing a middle fragment-deleted mutant of MHC class II molecule transactivator (C II TA) mutant with the 109th to 226th amino acid codons deleted. Methods: Two gene fragments at each end of the deleted C II TA gene were obtained by OE-PCR method and were mixed together for 8 PCR cycles without primers to achieve effective overlapping, then 2 primers was added for amplification of the desired fragments. The amplification products were subsequently cloned into eukaryotic vector pIRES for identification. Results: A mutant of C II TA with the 109th to 226th amino acids deleted was successfully constructed. Conclusion: This modified OE-PCR technique overcomes some shortcomings of traditional method and is very suitable for constructing mutants with middle fragment deletion, making it worth to be popularized.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of herbal cake moxibustion in treating chronic renal failure. Methods Sixty CRF patients were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The control group received medication and diet control and the treatment group, herbal cake moxibustion on Shenshu, Pishu or Ganshu in addition. Pre-/post-treatment differences in serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and 24-h urinary protein quantity were observed in the two groups and the clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups after 3 months of treatment.Results The marked efficacy rate and the total efficacy rate were 46.7% and 86.7%, respectively, in the treatment group and 20.0% and 46.6%, respectively, in the control group, and there were statistically significant differences in both between the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in Scr, BUN, Ccr and 24-h urinary protein quantity in the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in Scr, BUN and 24-h urinary protein quantity between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Herbal cake moxibustion is an effective way to treat chronic renal failure.

Object To establish an effective plantlet regeneration system of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. for the purpose to obtain a large number of high quality seedling in a short time. Methods Leaves in vitro were tried as the explants and cultivated in different media with the various portion of hormones. Results The medium of MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L was the most suitable one for the induction of shoots; the medium of MS+BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L was beneficial to the propagation of shoots; the medium of MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L was good for the elongation of shoots; and the medium of 1/2 MS without any hormone was suitable for the induction of roots. Conclusion Rapid propagation of A. carmichaeli could be achieved by tissue culture and this will lead to the possibility for its seedling in the industrial production.

Objective To measure the length and diameter of the main bronchus using three-dimensional reconstruction from spi-ral chest computerized tomography scans in Chinese patients,and to evaluate the relationship between the BMI of patients and the length and diameter of main bronchi in order to provide the basis for pre-operative tracheal intubation.Methods 100 males and 100 females,who were scheduled to undergo a chest CT scan for physical examination,the diameter at the carina of the left and right main bronchus were measured.The length of the main bronchi extending from the carina to the line that is vertical to the bronchial wall at the starting point from the branches of the upper lobe was measured at the workstation.Results the length of the men’s right and left main bronchus was (1 9.7±5.2)mm and (50.3 ±4.7)mm.the length of the women’s right and left main bronchus was (18.2±4.1)mm and (46.3±4.5)mm,The length of the left main bronchus(LMB)was about 3-4 times greater than right main bronchus(RMB).the cross-section of the men’s left and right main bronchus was (175.3±29.6)mm2 and (209.4±32.7)mm2 ,the cross-section of the women’s left and right main bronchus was (120.5±24.8)mm2 and (144.4±33.7)mm2 .There was no signifi-cant relationship between the length and diameter of main bronchi and the BMI of patients.Conclusion The results showed that there was no direct relationship between the diameter and the length of main bronchi and the BMI of patients.BMI is not the criteri-on for choosing double-lumen tube (DLT)size.We proposed that three-dimensional reconstruction be used to measure the size of the main bronchi and determine the optimal size of the DLT in a clinical setting.

A comparison was made for the correlation and application scope of the statistical methods commonly used by hospitals for their efficiency measurement.Hospital data processed with PCA (principal component analysis)for dimension reduction were used in a correlation analysis for the results of ratio analysis (RA),stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)and data envelopment analysis(DEA).The authors hold that the RA can expediently display the order of hospital efficiency,the SFA demands a stricter premise yet presents more stable results,while the DEA boasts greater relative advantages and thus suitable for processing hospital efficiency measurement tasks of multi-input and multi-output indexes.

Objective:To construct adenovirus containing murine MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) mutant gene and to observe expression of this gene mediated by adenovirus as well as function of the expression product in vitro.Methods:The type IV CIITAcDNA gene was cloned from peritoneal macrophage of BALB/c mouse by conventional way of molecular biology, and then it was cloned into expression vector pIRES. CIITA mutant gene was constructed by the way of overlap extension by PCR (OE-PCR), and then it was also cloned into expression vector pIRES. By using of pAdEasy-1 system we acquired the deficient recombination adenovirus Ad-CIITAm, containing CIITA mutant gene, which had the ability of infection and the no-loaded control adenovirus Ad-GFP.Then the two adenoviruses strains were processed for a great deal amplification,purification and titer determining. The Ad-CIITAm and Ad-GFP were infected into HeLa cells and Raji cells.Inducible or constitutive expression of HLA-DR molecule and the following changes were observed by the use of flow cytometry.Results:The murine CIITA gene was cloned successfully and the recombinantant adenovirus Ad-CIITAm containing murine CIITA mutant gene was also constructed successfully. It was proved by flow cytometry that expression of HLA-DR molecules on the surface of HeLa cells and Raji cells infected by Ad-CIITAm were all decreased remarkably in comparison with those of control cells infected by Ad-GFP.Conclusion:This experiment proves that expressed murine CIITA mutant mediated by adenovirus could inhibit the expression of MHC II molecules efficiently.