Objective To investigate the expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and β-catenin in 5-aminosalicylic acid （ASA) intervened colitis carcinogenesis mouse model induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).Methods Thirtysix BALB/c mice were evenly divided into control group,model group,and intervention group.For model group and intervention group,mice were intraperitoneally injected with AOM (10 mg/kg) one day before experiment,then drank 4％ DSS solution freely for one week and followed with common drinking water for another two weeks.Taking 4％ DSS solution and common drinking water repeated for three cycles.For intervention group,5-ASA (150 mg/kg) was given from three days before experiment to the end of research.For control group,mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.9％NaCl solation and then given common drinking water for nine weeks.The symptoms of the disease were monitored in mice and pathological changes of tissues were evaluated at the end of first week and ninth week.At the end of the ninth week,the expressions of PPAR-γ,β-catenin protein and PPAR-γat mRNA level in colon tissue were detected.The data were analyzed by t test.Results The colitis disease activity index (DAI) index of intervention group was 1.81 ±0.59 after drinking DSS solution for one week and the number of tumor was 4.11 ± 1.05 at the end of the ninth week,both were significantly lower than those of model group (2.47 ± 0.53 and 9.71±2.29 respectively,t=2.88 and 6.55; both P＜0.01).The expression of PPAR-γ at protein level (2.11±1.36) and mRNA level (1.45±0.10) in colon tissue of intervention group significantly increased compared with those of model group (0.43±0.53 and 0.57±0.08 respectively,t=3.07 and 18.99,both P＜0.01).There was no significant difference of β-catenin expression among groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions 5-ASA can efficiently improve the inflammatory reaction and tumor load in AOM and DSS induced colitis carcinogenesis mouse model,and at the same time can promote the expression of PPAR-γ in colon.However,there was no significant influence on the expression of β-catenin.

Hydrolysate of Area subcrenata (HA) was found to be effective in lowering the elevated SGPT level induced by carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide (TAA) and pred-nisolone. In addition, HA was shown to shorten sodium pentobarbital sleeping time in both normal and carbon tetrachloride intoxicated mice. The results indicated that HA possessesa significantl protective action on liver injuries in mice.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and criteria validity of the Chinese Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT) for testing Chinese patients with acquired brain injury. Methods The CAMPROMPT was translated into Chinese. The translated Version was then used with 30 'normal persons' and 39 with acquired brain injury and memory problems. Correlation analysis and Cronbach's a were used to evaluate reliability and criteria validity of the C-CAMPROMPT. Results Correlation and Cronbach's a were in the range 0.697 to0.951.The total and event-based scores were positively corrlated with all three field Chinese Version of Rivermead Behavior Memory Test scores. Time-based C-CAMPROMPT scores,however,were negatively correlated with Chinese Version of the Stroop Word-Color Test results. Conclusion The reliability and validity of the C-CAMPROMPT were high enough to be used to test the prospective memory of acquired brain injury patients in the clinic.

Objective To report effect on treatment tibial fracture asynthesis by external fixator combined with spongy bone implant.Methods From Februryl 999 to February 2002,11 cases of the tibial fractures asynthesis were treated with the external fixator combined with spongy bone implant.Results Follow-up was both clinically and ra-diologically performed in 1 leases.The healing rate of the fracture was 100% in this group.The average healing time was 3.2 months.Conclusion The external fixation combined with spongy bone implant is simple and effective in treatment of the tibial fracture asynthesis.

In order to estimate the relationship between iron and the Alzheimer's disease, the behavioral and pathological changes were observed by Morris water maze and immunohistochemical staining respectively after injecting FeC13 into brain ventricle of rats. The apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry and the electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural changes. There were significant differences in escape latency of time and distance between normal animals and iron treated rats. Percentage and fluorescence intension (FI) of AnnexinV FITC loaded cells undergoing apoptosis were higher in iron treated rats compared with normal animals. Fawn-coloured products of β amyloid protein were interspersedly distributed in extensive areas of cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Under electron microscope, vacuolate degeneration of neuronal processes with mitochondria degeneration and accumulation of microtubule near vacuolar nucleus were observed in iron treated rats. These results suggest that a local higher concentration of iron in brain may induce Alzheimer-like impairment of intelligence and pathological changes.

Objective To investigate the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its relationship with the clinical pathological parameters of ccRCC.Methods The expression of CXCR4 was detected by immuno-histochemistry method in 63 cases of ccRCCs,20 cases of para-carcinoma tissues and 20 cases of normal renal tissues.The correlation between expression level of CXCR4 and clinical pathological parameters of ccRCC patients were analyzed,and the clinical significance of its expression in ccRCC was evaluated.Results The positive expression rate of CXCR4(49.2％) in ccRCCs was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues (15％) and normal renal tissue (10％),and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of CXCR4 and the clinical stage and pathological grade of ccRCC were correlated (P ＜ 0.05),and was associated with lymph node transfer (P ＜ 0.05).The CXCR4 negative group overall survival rate [55.2％ (16/29)] and the average survival time(46 months) was significantly better than the positive group [38.5％ (10/26),32 months;P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions The expression level of CXCR4 in ccRCC is correlated with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.CXCR4 is expected to be an important marker for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of renal cell carcinoma.

ObjectiveTo explore the early diagnostic value of pro-adrenomedullin (pro-ADM) in sepsis. Methods A prospective study was conducted. Eighty-two patients with acute infection admitted to Department of Emergency of Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital from April 2013 to March 2014 were enrolled. According to the diagnostic criteria of sepsis, the patients with acute infection were divided into ordinary infection group [infection without systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS),n = 25] and sepsis group (infection combined with SIRS, n = 57). According to degree of severity of sepsis, the latter group was subdivided into three subgroups: sepsis group (n = 22), severe sepsis group (n = 27) and septic shock group (n = 8). Twenty-four healthy persons were included to serve as healthy control group. The venous blood from all the research objects in hospital was collected within 24 hours. The levels of pro-ADM and procalcitonin ( PCT ) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score was recorded. The relationship between pro-ADM and PCT and also APACHEⅡ score was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis. The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) of pro-ADM and PCT were used to evaluate the diagnostic acuity of sepsis.Results The plasma levels of pro-ADM, PCT and APACHEⅡ score in sepsis group were significantly higher than those in ordinary infection group and healthy control group [pro-ADM (ng/L): 66.69±1.73 vs. 53.43±2.70, 45.87±1.43; PCT (ng/L):1 336.49±40.26 vs. 1 083.09±47.99, 959.04±37.53; APACHEⅡ score: 14.60±0.81 vs. 8.10±1.14, 3.00±1.15,allP< 0.01]. With the aggravation of sepsis, the levels of pro-ADM, PCT and APACHEⅡ score were gradually increased, and there were significant differences among sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock groups [pro-ADM (ng/L): 64.91±2.50, 73.56±2.80, 84.67±4.52; PCT (ng/L): 1 152.65±48.62, 1 233.93±63.06, 1 475.71±109.93;APACHEⅡ score: 12.91±1.15, 14.55±1.14, 19.37±2.40,P< 0.05 orP< 0.01]. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the level of pro-ADM was positively related with PCT (r = 0.473,P = 0.006), and it was also positively correlated with APACHEⅡ score (r = 0.707,P = 0.008). ROC curve analysis showed that area under the ROC curve (AUC) of pro-ADM for diagnosis of sepsis was 0.823 (P = 0.003). When the cutoff value was 59.40 ng/L, the sensitivity was 80.7%, the specificity was 68.0%, the positive predictive value was 85.2%, and the negative predictive value was 60.7%. AUC of the PCT for diagnosis of sepsis was 0.653 (P = 0.043). When the cutoff value was 1 194.67 ng/L, the sensitivity was 68.4%, the specificity was 64.0%, the positive predictive value was 81.8%, and the negative predictive value was 44.7%. It was proved that the pro-ADM had a higher diagnostic value for sepsis than PCT.Conclusion The plasma levels of pro-ADM can be used as an early indicator in diagnosis and severity evaluation and prognosis in patients with sepsis .

Objective To study the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function of adults in urban and rural areas of Wuwei City Gansu Province.Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in 200 adults aged 18-45 who had lived more than six months in Wuwei City from April 2009 to January 2010.A random urine and fasting blood samples were collected.Urinary iodine content was measured with arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),free thyroid hormone (FT4) and three free triiodothyronine (FT3) were quantified by direct chemiluminescence immunoassay.Thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) and thyroid microsomal antibodies (TMAb) were detected by radioimmunoassay.Results A total of 99 and 98 copies of urine samples of urban and rural groups were tested,respectively.The median of urinary iodine of urban and rural groups was 189.0 and 258.2 μg/L,respectively,and rural group was higher than urban group (Z =-4.020,P ＜ 0.01).A total of 104 and 95 copies of blood samples of urban and rural groups were detected; mean value of FT4 in urban group [(16.8 ± 3.0)pmol/L] was higher than that of rural group [(15.4 ± 2.4)pmol/L,t =3.539,P ＜ 0.01].The positive rates of TGAb of urban and rural groups were 11.5％ (12/104) and 15.8％ (15/95),respectively; the positive rates of TMAb of urban and rural groups were 13.5％ (14/104) and 14.7％ (14/95),respectively; the positive rates of TGAb of male and female were 5.5％ (6/109) and 23.3％ (21/90),respectively; the positive rates of TMAb of male and female were 6.4％ (7/109) and 23.3％ (21/90),respectively.The positive rates of TGAb and TMAb were lower in male than in female (x2 =13.362,11.661,all P ＜ 0.01).The rates of thyroid function disorders of urban and rural groups were 16.3％ (17/104) and 8.4％ (8/95),of male and female 11.9％ (13/109) and 13.3％ (12/90),respectively.Subclinical hypothyroidism in all thyroid function disorders was the most common,which was 14.4％ (15/104) and 7.4％ (7/95) in urban and rural groups,11.0％ (12/109) and 11.1％ (10/90) in male and female,respectively.Conclusions Iodine nutrition level is appropriate for adults in urban areas,but in rural areas iodine nutrition is high or excessive; subclinical hypothyroidism in all thyroid function disorders is the most common; we should be concerned about the risk of iodine overdose,especially the risk of illness in women.

Objective To compare the diagnostic reliability of AO classification and Evans-Jensen classifications in X ray film and three-dimensional CT reconstruction images intertochanteric fractures, and explore advantage of the three-di?mensional CT. Methods A retrospective study was performed to evaluate 54 patients with intertochanteric fractures. Three orthopaedic surgeons were asked to make assessment of fracture classifications using X ray film and the three-dimen?sional CT images. Agreement test was performed to evaluate interobserver and intraobserver reliability for fracture classifica?tion. Results When X ray film was used, mean Kappa values of interobserver reliability for AO and Evans-Jensen classifi?cations between three surgeons were 0.597 and 0.571, that was medium consistency. While using three-dimensional CT to AO classification, lower Kappa value was 0.411, medium consistency. Evans-Jensen classification, Kappa value was 0.704, highly consistency. Each surgeon respectively using X ray film and three-dimensional CT, the mean Kappa values of AO and Evans-Jensen classification were 0.464, medium consistency and 0.191 (0.160-0.233), weak consistency. Conclusion Both classifications based on X ray film show moderate consistency, using three-dimensional CT does not improve the consis?tency of AO classification. The three-dimensional CT is not applicable in Evans-Jensen classification.

Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are one of the most common injuries in orthopaedics,accounting for up to 20％ of all fractures seen in the emergency room.At present,the optimal treatment of these fractures remains controversial.Although most DRFs can be treated non-operatively,such as immobilized by plaster,splint or brace,surgical management has become more and more popular with people's living standards improved and expecting better functional outcome.Surgical treatments for DRFs include percutaneous fixation with Kirschner wires,skeletal external fixation,open reduction and internal fixation,intramedullary nails,fixation using the mini-invasive approach,arthroscopy,and total wrist arthroplasty.Currently,open reduction with volar plate fixation is the most popular and widely way for DRFs,while a mini-invasive approach is a new reliable and reproducible procedure with few complications.Despite recently surgical treatment has become more and more popular,it is also unclear whether surgical intervention will produce better long-term outcomes.The aim of this paper is to present the studies in the literatures about the treatment for DRFs and an update of existing techniques.