Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound for placement of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in comparison with fiberoptic bronchoscope in adult patients.Methods Fifty-eight ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 18-57 yr,weighing 50-70 kg,with body mass index 20-30 kg/m2,scheduled for gynecological operation under general anesthesia,underwent standard general anesthetic technique with 4 # LMA-ClassicTM.After clinical assessment of correct placement of LMA,the position of the LMA was confirmed by transverse neck ultrasound,and reconfirmed using fiberoptic bronchoscopy.The peak airway pressure and oropharyngeal leak pressure were recorded.Results When the outcome of clinical assessment of correct placement of LMA was considered as satisfactory,the rate of ideal anatomic placement assessed by ultrasound evaluation was 69 %,and the rate of ideal anatomic placement assessed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy was 59 %,and it showed that there was no significant difference in detecting the ideal placement of the LMA (P ＞ 0.05).The oropharyngeal leak pressure was significantly higher when ultrasound was used for confirmation of the correct placement of LMA than that when fiberoptic bronchoscope was used (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound provides better efficacy for placement of LMA in indicating sealing of LMA than fiberoptic bronchoscope and is helpful in improving ventilation conditions in adult patients.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine intravenous assisted epidural anesthe-sia for labor analgesia. Methods Forty full term puerperant who had a single fetus were randomly divided into two groups, Group C (n=20), a catheter was advanced into epidural space,anesthetic drugs (0.125%ropivacaine with fen-tanyl 1.5μg/mL)of 10 ml was infused,then implement PCEA(bolus 4 mL with 15 min lockout interval,background in-fusion 4mL/h).Group D (n=20)assisted the routine epidural block anesthesia with intravenous injection of dexmedeto-midine,which was infused 0.2 μg/(kg·h). ECG,RR,BP,SpO2,analgesic effect were assessed by VAS,labor process,mode of delivery,Apgar score of neonates and side effects of analgesia were recorded. Results The VAS during the first and second stages of labor in group D were better than group C (P<0.05),there was no significant difference in Apar score between two groups. The second stage of labor in group C had an extended period of time(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in vital signs,fetal heart rate and uterine contraction between two groups. Conclusion Intravenous dexmedetomidine can optimize the traditional labor analgesia mode and reduce the dosage of PCEA.The puerperants can be more comfortable and effective in accouchement.

Objective This paper investigates the effect of a multi-physical field fusion intervention based on transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)and music on mental fatigue.Methods After fatigue induction,10 subjects received blank group stimulation,music group stimulation and tDCS-TMS-Music stimulation,respectively.tDCS stimulation sites were located in the bilateral frontal regions of the subjects,and TMS stimulation sites were located in the bilateral occipital regions of the hindbrain.Heart rate variability and reaction performance were measured before and after each intervention to determine the elimination effect of different intervention programs on mental fatigue.Results Compared with the control group,the tDCS-TMS-Music group showed significantly greater improvements in subjective mental workload,response performance,and heart rate variability.Conclusion The results of this study support that tDCS-TMS-Music can effectively alleviate mental fatigue induced by long-term cognitive performance tasks,and the intervention effect is better than music intervention and resting-state relief at the same time.

BACKGROUNDAdoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy has been used clinically for years to treat malignancies. Improving the killing efficiency of effector cells, such as tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), is an important component for enhancing the clinical response of cancer immunotherapy. Hence, we explored a novel method for preparing cancer-specific CTLs using naive T lymphocytes.

METHODSC57BL/6 mice bearing B16 melanoma tumors were pretreated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) by peritoneal injection. The immunosuppressive influence of CTX on tumor regression and the tumor microenvironment was assessed. Naive T cells and T cell pools were isolated via negative selection using immunomagnetic beads. The proliferative potential and cytokine production of different T cell subpopulations were evaluated in vitro. Tumor-specific CTLs derived from naive T cells (naive CD4+ T cells: naive CD8+ T cells = 2:1) and pooled T cells were generated in vitro, respectively. B16 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with CTX, followed by ACT immunotherapy using dendritic cell-induced CTLs. The homing abilities of the effector cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ, granzyme B, and perforin mRNA levels in tumor tissues were evaluated, and the change in tumor volume was measured.

RESULTSMice receiving CTX peritoneal pretreatment injections did not display tumor regression compared with control mice. However, a significant downregulation of splenic Tregs and tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) serum levels was observed (P < 0.05). Naive T cells showed a stronger proliferative capacity and elevated cytokine production than did pooled T cells (P < 0.05). In addition, effector cells generated from naive T cells displayed more potent antitumor activity in vivo than those derived from pooled T cells (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEffector cells derived from the naive T cells possess a stronger proliferative potential, homing capacity, and enhanced cytokine production, which leads to a superior antitumor response.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; methods ; Melanoma, Experimental ; therapy ; Mice, Inbred C57BL