A series of the positive cord dorsum potentials (CDP)were recorded in the dorsal surface of the spinal cord when the region of the nucleus raphy magnus (NRM)was stimulated by electricity. This CDP (NRM—CDP) consisted of three potentials. They were a Compound potential with a short time course and two slow potentials with a long time course which followed the compound one. The characteristics of the slowly potentials—NRM—CDP—1 and NRM—CDP—2 waves were analysed the parameters concerned were recorded. Therefore, a good experiment animal model and new information are provided for the further a study of the NRM action.

The cord dorsum potential evoked by stimulation in the ventrolateral aspect of periaqueductal grey (PAG-CDP) was recorded from the dorsal surface of the spinal lumbosacral cord in rats. PAG stimulation with the same parameters as for producing PAG-CDP inhibited the C discharges of convergent neurons in spinal dorsal horn. There was a positive correlation between the time course of the inhibitory effect of PAG on convergent neurons and the duration of the slow wave of PAG-CDP. a positive correlation also presented between the latencies of the PAG inhibition and the slow wave. Furthermore, the PAG inhibition did not appear when the intensity of PAG stimulation was below the threshold of PAG-CDP. These results indicate that the presynaptic inhibition is involved in the PAG inhibition of the C discharges of convergent neurons in spinal dorsal horn.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of primary renal lymphomas ( PRL) , and to discuss the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the tumors. Methods Clinical data of 19 patients with PRL from January 2005 to October 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Result The 19 patients in this study, there were 11 males and 8 females and the age ranged from 37 to 85 years old (averaged 55). Patients were mainly presented with unilateral renal masses, with lumbodynia as the main symptom. 13 patients underwent nephrectomy, 6 patients underwent renal biopsy and 17 patients received CHOP or R-CHOP chemotherapy. All of them were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin’ s lymphoma, with 14 cases of diffuse large B cell lym-phoma (DLBCL) (73. 684%, 14/19), 4 cases of B cell small cell lymphoma (21. 053%, 4/19), and 1 cases of T cell lymphoma (5. 263%, 1/19). Follow-up information was available in 15 patients. 12 were still alive and survived for 1~78 months, while the other 3 were dead with 1 case who died of cerebral infarction, and survived for 3~38 months ( averaged 23 months) . Conclusion PRL is an extranodal lymphoma which is rare in kidney and is often misdiagnosed as renal carcinomas due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of PRL can be confirmed by histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry and molecular analy-sis. The majority of the lymphomas are B cell lymphomas and most of them are DLBCL. The recommended treatment is surgery com-bined with chemotherapy and the prognosis is associated with the age, clinicopathological characteristics, tumor types and treatment.

Objective To analyze the effect of dominant accessory atrioventricular pathways (AP) on the end vector of ventricular depolarization. Methods All patients had single AP confirmed by radiofrequency cathteter abalation (RFCA) and were free from organic heart disease (including 102 cases of dominant accessory AP and 38 cases of concealed AP). The AP was divided into posterior septal(P3) ,mediate septal (MS) ,anterior septal (AS), left posterior free wall (LP), left anterior free wall (LA), right posterior free wall (RP) and right anterior free wall (RA). Results The end 40 ms vector of QRS wave changed in 102 patients with manifested AP and in 4 patients with concealed AP (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The end 40 ms vector of QRS wave of any site manifested AP can change and the changes have the specihty of leads.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of T190C polymorphism of β3 adrenergic receptor gene (β3-AR) with chronic heart failure (CHF), and to evaluate the effect of this polymorphism on clinical response to β-AR blockade among patients with CHF.

METHODSThree hundred and thirty patients with stable CHF receiving basic therapy for heart failure were included. Before initiation and 5 months after the maximal tolerated dose of carvedilol was reached, all indices including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, 6 min walk distance were measured and compared with the indices of those with a T190C genotype. Distribution of the T190C polymorphisms in the control group and CHF group was compared.

RESULTSThe frequencies of T190C genotypes of the β3-AR gene have fit with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant difference was found between the frequencies of T190C alleles and genotypes between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with CC-homozygotes, TT-homozygous patients showed substantially greater improvement in LVEF and BNP (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONNo difference has been detected in the prevalence of the three genotypes between healthy and CHF subjects. The T190C variation of the β3-AR gene was not associated with increased risk for CHF. CHF patients with a T allele have greater response to carvedilol than those carrying a C allele in ethnic Han Chinese.

Adult ; Carbazoles ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Propanolamines ; therapeutic use ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 ; genetics ; Ventricular Function, Left

Rituximab is currently used as a first-line therapy for phospholipase A 2 receptor-associated membranous nephropathy due to its good efficacy and safety. Although the remission rate after rituximab treatment is more than 60%, nearly 40% patients still do not respond to treatment. We used obinutuzumab to treat 3 cases of rituximab resistant PLA 2R-associated membranous nephropathy. After the first dose of 1 000 mg with or without additional dose, the amount of anti-PLA 2R antibody and urinary protein decreased significantly and the adverse reactions were mild. The results show that obinutuzumab has a certain therapeutic effect on rituximab resistant PLA 2R-associated membranous nephropathy, but the time of follow-up observation is short and can only be used as individual cases, which needs to be confirmed by a large sample and high-quality prospective cohort study.

Objective To establish a new patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of human liver cancer by inoculating the complex of human primary liver cancer cells and a novel microcarrier (microcarrier 6) into mice with normal immune function. Methods Primary liver cancer cells were isolated and extracted from the fresh human liver cancer tissue of five patients and were then co-cultured with microcarrier 6 to construct a three-dimensional tumor cell culture model in vitro . According to the type of graft, 75 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into cell control group, microcarrier control group, and experimental group (each sample corresponded to three groups, with 15 groups in total and 5 mice in each group). The liver cancer cell-microcarrier complex was implanted into the mice by subcutaneous inoculation, and tumor formation time, tumor formation rate, and histopathological manifestations were observed. The Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results As for the liver cancer cells from the five patients, tumor formation was observed in the mice corresponding to three patients. In these three experiments, tumor formation was not observed in the control groups and was only observed in the experimental groups, and 12 of the 15 mice in the experimental groups had successful tumor formation, with a tumor formation rate as high as 80%, which was significantly different from that in the cell control groups and the microcarrier control groups (all P < 0.05). The tumor formation time was 5-7 days; the xenograft tumor grew rapidly, and HE staining showed nested or flaky cells with obvious heteromorphism, with the presence of pathological mitosis; immunohistochemical staining showed positive CK8/18, Hep, and Gpc-3, which was in accordance with the characteristics of human liver cancer cells. Conclusion This experiment successfully establishes a new PDX model of human liver cancer based on the complex of microcarrier 6 and human primary liver cancer cells in mice with normal immunity. This model can be used to better elucidate the mechanism of the development and progression of liver cancer in the body with normal immunity, and besides, it also provides a new animal model with higher value for the precise treatment of liver cancer.