Objective To evaluate the current state of glycemie control in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have received oral antidiabetic agents in the out-patient clinic,and the efficacy and safety of optimized regiments of gliclazide modified-release tablets (Diamicron MR, SERVIER, Tianjin) in patients with failed glycemic control (HbA1c 6.5%). Methods The patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled from 54 hospitals in more than 20 cities and received long-term (more than 3 months) oral antidiabetic agents. HbA1c was measured and the success rate of HbA1c reduction was evaluated. The patients who failed to achieve glycemic control (HbA1c 6. 5%) and received daily multiple-dosing insulin secretagogues were provided with the optimized treatment regimen, consisting of replacing daily multiple-dosing insulin secretagogues with single-dosing gliclazide sustained-release tablets. Clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated after three months treatment. Results The survey of glycemic control revealed that the mean HbA1c of 5 586 patients with diabetes mellitus was (7.97±2.89)% ,and the success rate (HbA1c≤6.5%) was 14. 1%. Further more, HbA1c decreased from (8.23±4.00)% before optimization to (6.86±2.24)% after optimization with the average decrement of 1.37% (P<0. 001) and the success rate was raised to 34. 1%. The gliclazide modified-release tablets were well tolerated by most patients, only 2.6% of whom were reported to experience unconfirmed hypoglycemia. Conclusion The success rate of glycemic control was low in Chinese out-patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving oral antidiabetic agents in the clinic. The optimized regimen of gliclazide modified-release tablets taken once daily can down-regulate glycemic levels and increase the success rate of HbA1c reduction,and thus plays efficiently and safely a key role in the optimized management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To observe the effects of interferon ? (IFN?) on thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene expressions in FRTL5 cells induced by thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb). Methods TSAb crude fraction was extracted by polyethylene glycol 4000. Recombinant rat interferon ? (0, 1, 10, 10 2, 10 3 U/ml) was added to the FRTL5 cells induced by TSAb, and then expressions of TG, TPO mRNA were measured by Northern blot, the cell growth was measured by 〔 3H〕 thymidine incorporation. Results (1)TSAb increased TG, TPO gene expressions, and 〔 3H〕 thymidine incorporation. (2)Interferon ?inhibitedTSAb inducedTG, TPOgeneexpressionsand〔 3H〕 thymidine incorporation. Conclusion Interferon ? inhibits the growth and function of thyrocytes induced by TSAb, which suggests that interferon ? might regulate thyroid function in Graves' disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of CD26/DPPⅣ or galectin-3 immunohistochemical staining and their combination in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. MethodsEnVision immunohistochemical technique was applied to detect the expressions of CD26/DPPⅣ and galectin-3 in thyroid tissue of 114 cases with benign or malignant thyroid tumors. ResultsCD26/DPPⅣ and galectin-3 were expressed in most of papillary carcinomas but absent in normal thyroid tissues, most of follicular carcinomas and thyroid adenomas. With CD26/DPPⅣ as means to detect papillary carcinoma, the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Kappa index were 86.8%, 97.2%, 90.4%, 98.3%, 79.5% and 0.80 respectively,andwithgalectin-3therespective figures were 97.1%, 91.7%, 95.2%, 95.7% , 94.3% and 0.89. With CD26/DPPⅣ and gelectin-3 combined, the sensitivity, specificity, Kappa index and others in papillary carcinoma were the same as those of galectin-3 in parallel test, and the same as those of CD26/DPPⅣ in serial test. ConclusionBoth CD26/DPPⅣ and galectin-3 are reliable markers of papillary carcinoma, CD26/DPPⅣ or galectin-3 immunohistochemical staining can be used as a supplement for conventional pathological diagnostic approach to differentiate thyroid papillary carcinomas from adenomas, while the application in the diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma remains to be further investigated.

Background Familial hyperaldosteronism type Ⅱ(FH-Ⅱ) is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance and hyperaldosteronism.Linkage analysis demonstrated chromosome 7q22 most likely harbor the genetic defect.Objective To identify the disease locus in a Chinese pedigree with FH-Ⅱ using genetic linkage analysis.Methods Haplotypes of the FH-Ⅱ pedigree were analyzed using four microsatellite markers(D7S531,D7S2521,D7S511,D7S481) at 7p22 to determine the critical region,and multipoint logarithm of odds(LOD) scores were calculated to assess linkage with FH-Ⅱ.Results Several members(affected members) in the family had hypertension,hypokalemia,hyperaldosteronism,low renin activity.Hypertension and hypokalemia was improved by spironolactone test.Dexamethasone suppression test was performed but without clinical or hyperaldosteronism improvement in three affected members,confirmed FH-Ⅱ family pedigree.The same haplotypes D7S531(ac,n=24)-D7S2521(ac,n=11)-D7S511(ca,n=21)-D7S481(ac,n=16) were shared by all known affected members and one suspicious member,but also by one unaffected member of the family,making it unlikely that this region contains the causative gene mutation.In this FH-Ⅱ family,the LOD scores of the four markers were

Objective To explore the expression and significance of CD26/DPPⅣand galectin-3 in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods Expression of CD26/DPPⅣ or galectin-3 in 68 papillary thyroid carcinomas and 36 thyroid adenomas were determined with EnVision immunohistochemical technique respectively.Results CD26/DPPⅣ and galectin-3 were highly expressed in most of papillary carcinomas but absent or expressed in a low level in most of all thyroid adenomas.With CD26/DPPⅣ as marker to detect papillary carcinoma,the sensitivity,specificity,diagnostic accuracy were 86.8%,97.2% and 90.4%,and with galectin-3 the respective figures were 97.1%,91.7% and 95.2%.There was no statistic significance in intrathyroidal and extrathyroidal invasion,with or without lymph node metastasis,low and poor prognosis groups about positive expression of CD26/DPPⅣ or galectin-3 in papillary carcinomas.Conclusion Both CD26/DPPⅣ and galectin-3 are potential markers of papillary thyroid carcinoma.CD26/DPPⅣ or galectin-3 immunohistochemical staining can be used as a supplement technology for routine pathological diagnosis to differentiate thyroid papillary carcinomas from adenomas,but not accepted as the bio-markers for the invasion,metastasis and prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinomas.

Objective The prevalence of obesity is constantly increasing. Multiple metabolic complications are related to obesity, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity comorbidities and its association with BMI. Methods 765 individuals who visited the multidisciplinary clinic for obesity in Peking University First Hospital from 2015, Jun. to 2018, Sept. were enrolled in this study. The height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference were measured during the first visit. Body adipose percentage and basal metabolic rate were recorded. Questionnaires for daily food intake, comorbidity, and lifestyle were recorded. Fasting insulin, C peptide, glucose, HbA1C , uric acid, liver enzymes and lipid profile were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16. 0, and P<0. 05 was considered as statistical significant. Results Daily energy intake was higher in obesity group [ obese vs non-obese, (2136.6±739.4vs1905.7±468.4)kcal/d,P=0.046].Hypertension,NAFLDandgoutriskincreasedsignificantly in obesity group (obese vs non-obese, 36.0％vs 24.5％, P=0.02;76.5％ vs 60.6％, P<0.01;6.9％ vs 1.8％, P=0.04, respectively) . Family history of obesity and diabetes increased in obesity group ( obese vs non-obese, 64.5％vs 53.6％, P=0.03;47.4％vs 37.3％, P=0.048). Fasting insulin and C-peptide levels were higher in obesity group [obese vs non-obese, (24.8 ± 15.3 vs 13.6 ± 9.5)μIU/ml, P<0.01;(3.72 ± 1.40 vs 2.70 ± 1.16)μIU/ml, P<0.01). Liver enzymes increased significantly in obesity group [obese vs non-obese, (47.2±45.4 vs 23.3±21.4)U/L, P<0.01; ( 30. 4 ± 24. 0 vs 19. 9 ± 8. 5 ) U/L, P=0. 001 ] . Conclusions Obesity population had higher risk of hypertension, NAFLD and gout. Fasting insulin, C-peptide, liver enzymes, and UA also increased significantly in these patients. It is critically important to those obese individuals for regular screening of NAFLD and diabetes mellitus.