Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Reduning injection combined with pip-eracillin sulbactam in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia(CAP).Methods 122 cases with CAP were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by digital table method.The two groups were given piperacil-lin sodium and sulbactam sodium 3.75g,once every 12 hours,course 7 -10d.The treatment group was treated with Reduning injection,20ml/d treatment for 7 -10d.The clinical symptoms of the two groups before and after treatment, the total number of white blood cells(WBC)and C reactive protein(CRP)to resume normal time were observed. Results The effective rate was 94.91% in the treatment group and 80% in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2 =10.286,P <0.05).The treatment group was significantly shorter than the control group in controlling fever and cough symptoms(all P <0.05).3 months after treatment,the WBC and CRP recovery to the normal rate of the two groups had statistically significant differences (χ2 =2.880,3.926,all P <0.05).No obvious toxic side effects and adverse reactions were observed in the two groups.Conclusion Reduning injection combined with piperacillin sodium and sulbactam sodium in the treatment of CAP can alleviate the clinical symptoms of fever.This method has good clinical curative effect and high safety.It can be used as an effective method for treatment of CAP.

Objective To observe the efficacy of transjugular interventional therapy for patients with hepatic myelopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Methods Sixteen patients with hepatic myelopathy afte TIPS were treated with interventional therapy again.Four patients who were treated with drugs through shunt previously had poor prognosis,then the remaining 12 patients treated with current limited shunt had better prognosis,which were analyzed in this study.Activities of daily living were assessed by Barthel index,limb muscle strength scores were assessed by Lovette scoring system.The changes of liver function and portal vein pressure were analyzed by paired t-test,while other data such as serum ammonia level,Barthel index,Lovette scores before and after transjugular interventional therapy were compared by analysis of variance with repeated measurements.Results All the patients had no complication after operations.The liver function and portal vein pressure of 12 patients had no significan change before and after operation.Blood ammonia value were (77.9 ± 17.9) mmol/L after TIPS,(77.9 ± 14.8),(73.4 ± 21.5),(59.5 ± 14.5),(52.0 ± 16.5) mmol/L 1,3,6,12 months after current limited shunt.Compared with that of preoperation(F =6.45,P ＜0.05),it decreased significantly at the 6th and 12th month.Limb muscle strength scores were 2.1 ± 0.7 before current limited shunt,2.3 ± 0.8,3.1 ± 1.0,3.2 ± 1.1,2.8 ± 0.9 1,3,6,12 months after the operation.Compared with preoperation (F =4.97,P ＜ 0.05),muscle strength grading improved significantly at the 3rd,6th and 12th month.Activities of daily living Barthel index were 42.1 ± 10.5 before current limited shunt,47.1 ± 11.0,45.0 ± 8.8 3,6 months after the operation.Compared with preoperation (F =5.05,P ＜ 0.05),activities of daily living had improvement.There were 3,6,2,1 cases of hepatic encephalopathy of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ stage after TIPS.Three months after current limited shunt there were 7,3,1,0 cases,while there were 8,1,1,0 cases 6 months after the operation.In other 4 patients treated with drugs,2 patients died of liver failure,one was lost to follow.Conclusions Interventional therapy can relieve symptoms of hepatic myelopathy.The operation is safe,effective,and helpful after TIPS treatment.

Ten adult rabbits (7 and ♀3; body weights 1.5～2 kg) were selected for thee present study. A solution of 2～10％ HRP (RZ=2.9) was injected into the subserosa of the caecum in seven rabbits and a solution of 5～10％ HRP into the deep peroneal nerve of Tsusanli (足三里) region in the other three. The uptake and retrograds transmission of HRP in the afferent fibres of both the somatic and visceral nerves were traced to the spinal ganglia. The range of segments where the neurons from which these two afferent fibres originate overlap each other. The results are a follows:1. Labelled sensory neurons from the region of the caecum where HRP was injected are observed in the spinal ganglia C_8～S_3 with a higher concentration in T_(11)～L_2.2. Labelled neurons from the region of Tsusanli are found in the spinal ganglia L_1～S_3 with a higher concentration in L_6～S_2.3. The ranges of distribution of labelled neurons from the two groups of afferent fibres overlap in the segments L_1～S_3.4. Most of the labelled cells are small and medium in size and the Iabelled cells are found more concentrated in the lumbosacral segments.

Objective To establish an anatomical classification of chronic portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in order to guide the transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunt (TIPS) manipulation, and to analyze the correlation between anatomical classification of PVT and the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after TIPS. Methods During the period from June 2010 to June 2013 at authors’ hospital, TIPS with fluency covered stent was carried out in a total of 73 patients with chronic portal vein thrombosis. Based on the location of portal vein thrombosis, the anatomical classification of portal vein thrombosis (PVT-type) was initially established. The changes in portal vein pressure after TIPS were evaluated. The occurrence of HE at 15 days and at 3 and 6 months after TIPS in patients with different PVT-type was statistically analyzed. As the understanding of 0-phase minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) was deepened, the authors added a subdivision to the 0-phase, including normal cognitive function state and minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) into West - Haven grading to further precisely assess the hepatic encephalopathy. Using paired samples t-test, the changes of portal vein pressure after TIPS were evaluated. The grading of hepatic encephalopathy and the number of occurrence after TIPS were particularly recorded, the results were compared between groups at the same time and between the types at different times. Results The preoperative and postoperative portal vein pressure in type Ⅰ patients receiving TIPS therapy was (42.7 ± 9.6) and (35.0 ± 6.7) cm H2O respectively, the difference was statistically significant (t = 7.61, P <0.01);in typeⅡpatients it was(39.8 ± 5.5) and(31.0 ± 5.7) cm H2O respectively(t=17.2, P<0.01);in type Ⅲpatients it was (43.2 ± 5.8) and (32.4 ± 5.0) cm H2O respectively (t = 25.0, P < 0.01); and in type Ⅳpatients it was (43.0 ± 3.7) and (36.6 ± 6.6) cm H2O respectively (t = 4.26, P <0.01). The occurrence of HE 15 days after TIPS was mainly seen in patients with type Ⅳ , Ⅰ and Ⅲb. Phase Ⅰ hepatic encephalopathy mainly occurred in patients with PVT-type Ⅱa, Ⅲb and type Ⅰ. Phase Ⅱ hepatic encephalopathy occurred mainly in patients with PVT-type Ⅱb, Ⅲb and type Ⅰ. Three months after TIPS, the occurrence of MHE was mainly seen in patients of Ⅲa, Ⅱa and Ⅱc type. Phase Ⅰ hepatic encephalopathy mainly occurred in patients with Ⅲa, Ⅱb and Ⅳ type. Phase Ⅱ hepatic encephalopathy occurred mainly in patients with PVT-typeⅡa,Ⅱb andⅢb. Six months after TIPS, the occurrence of MHE was mainly seen in patients of type Ⅱa, Ⅱc and Ⅲb. Phase Ⅰ hepatic encephalopathy mainly occurred in patients with type Ⅱb, Ⅰ and Ⅲb. Phase Ⅱ hepatic encephalopathy occurred mainly in patients with typeⅡb,Ⅲb andⅠ. The HE condition lasted for longer time in patients withⅡb,Ⅲb andⅠtype. Conclusion The establishment of a rational anatomical classification for chronic portal vein thrombosis can effectively guide the clinical application of TIPS. The occurrence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy is higher in patients with pure main portal vein thrombosis or superior mesenteric vein thrombosis.

Objective To discuss the value of transcatheter artery embolization for the treatment of GI massive hemorrhage. Methods Seventy-eight GI massive bleeding cases underwent emergency angiography. Intraarterial embolization was performed in 86 arteries of the 78 patients. All patients were followed up for 1 to 10 years. Results Bleeding stopped immediately in 100% of the patients. Bleeding recurred in 16 cases from 48 hours to 37 monthes. Conclusion Arterial embolization for digestive tract bleeding is safe and effective during emergency angiography to buy a time for definite treatment for some patients.

Objective To evaluate the safety,effectiveness and clinical factors of re-intervention of transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS).Methods A retrospective study of safety and longterm outcomes of TIPS was made in 771 patients from August 1994 to August 2010.The 625 patients had follow-up data.The patients who received TIPS once,twice,and more than twice were divided into group 1,group 2 and group 3,respectively.Clinical symptoms,survival rate and restenosis rate of each group were analyzed.Clinical influencing factors of re-intervention effect were discussed.Results The success rate of first intervention was 98.2％ (757/771),the death rate was 0.7％ (5/757) and severe complication rate was 2.5％ (19/757).The success rate of re-intervention was 98.7％ (457/463),no death and severe complications occurred.The restenosis rate in group 3 decreased significantly than group 1 ( x2 =7.908,P ＜0.05 ) in the first year of TIPS.The restenosis rates in group 2 and group 3 were lower than group 1 from 2 to 5 years of TIPS ( x2 values were 27.046,25.724,37.002 and 19.046,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ). The survival rate in group 3 was higher than group 1 (x2 =9.114,P＜0.05)and group 2 was higher than group 1 ( x2 =4.929,P ＜ 0.05 ) in the first year of TIPS,while there was no statistical difference between group 2 and group 3 ( x2 =2.678,P ＞ 0.05).The patients in group 2 and group 3 also had higher survival rates than group 1 from 2 to 5 years of TIPS (x2 value were 41.314,26.920,13.692 and 6.713,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).19.4％ (79/406)of patients who received re-intervention had symptom recurrence and shunt stenosis or occlusion. 11.6％ (47/406) of patients had symptom recurrence with portal hypertension signs,62.8％ (255/406) had shunt stenosis or occlusion with portal hypertension signs.Conclusions Restenosis or occlusion of TIPS,symptom recurrence and portal hypertension signs were important factors for re-intervention.Re-intervention of TIPS was safe and effective,and could improve the survival rate of patients with TIPS.

Objective:To study the efficacy of direct intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (DIPS) in treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS).Methods:From January 1, 2015 to June 31, 2017, consecutive patients with BCS who were treated with DIPS at the Department of Interventional Therapy of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, the Liver Disease Research Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital and the General Surgery Department of Beijing Ditan Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The symptoms, physical signs (including abdominal distension, ascites, pleural effusion, splenomegaly, hepatic encephalopathy) and perioperative laboratory results of these patients were collected and analyzed. Biochemical indicators including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), and portal pressure gradient were compared before and 2 weeks after treatment. The patients were followed up for at least 3 years to assess their clinical symptoms, patency of shunt, oncological status and survival.Results:Of 67 patients with BCS who were included in the study, there were 45 males and 22 females, aged (38.12±23.22) years. The BCS classification of these patients were hepatic vein type ( n=65), including 62 patients with complete hepatic vein obstruction, 3 patients with hepatic vein occlusion due to thrombosis, and 2 patients with mixed hepatic vein and inferior vena cava occlusion. All 67 patients underwent DIPS with 93 stents being implanted. In addition, 43 patients underwent gastric coronary vein embolization, and 2 patients with mixed type of BCS underwent inferior vena cava stenting. The portal pressure gradient decreased from (22.17±9.16) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to (9.87±4.75) mmHg, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Abdominal distension was relieved, at one month and ascites completely subsided in 3 months after operation. The liver congestion and swelling were obviously relieved. Comparison of patients 2 weeks after operation and before operation, ALT decreased from (65.28±27.75) U/L to (28.43±13.46)U/L, AST from (68.75±29.23) U/L to (26.92±13.33)U/L, TBil from (175.31±80.48)μmol/L to (45.08±26.54)μmol/L, DBil from (127.55±44.65)μmol/L to (35.12±10.77)μmol/L, and albumin increased from (31.56±7.22) g/L to (44.18±11.36)g/L, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). All patients were followed up for at least 3 years. Shunt stenosis was detected in 5 patients (7.46%) with shunt expansion being performed, variceal bleeding in 2 patients (2.99%), ascites recurrence in 4 patients (5.97%) and hepatic encephalopathy in 2 patients (2.99%). No patients were diagnosed with hepatic cancer, and no patients died. Conclusion:DIPS was efficacious, safe and reliable to that BCS patients. It rapidly reduced portal venous pressure, relieved liver congestion, and restored liver morphology and liver function in these patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of transjugular intrahepatie portosystemie shunting (TIPS) for recurrent portal hypertension after liver transplantation.Methods The retrospective crosssectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 15 patients with recurrent portal hypertension after liver transplantation who underwent TIPS in the 9th School of Clinical Medicine between January 2008 to June 2016 were collected.Course of TIPS:the portal vein pressure was measured and varicose veins were embolized after puncture,cannulation and angiography.A balloon catheter with diameter of 7 mm or 8 mm was used to dilate the preshunt channel,and a covered stent or bare stent with a diameter of 7,8 or 10 mm was implanted to establish the shunt channel.Portal vein angiography was performed and the portal vein pressure was measured again.Observation indicators:(1) Surgical situations;(2) changes of portal vein pressure before and after TIPS;(3)follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination was performed to record clinical symptoms at postoperative 1,3,6 and 12 months.Regular hepatic vascular ultrasonography was done at postoperative 1,3,6 and 12 months to detect patency of shunt.The follow-up period was up to June 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x) ±s and analyzed by the paired t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Count data were represented as percentage.Results (1) Surgical situations:all the 15 patients underwent successful TIPS,without any serious complications or death.Stent implantation situation:bare stent,covered stent and bare stent + covered stent were implanted in 4,8 and 3 patients,respectively.Among the 15 patients,7 mm,8 mm and 10 mm diameter shunt channel were established in 4,8 and 3 patients respectively.(2) Changes of portal vein pressure before and after TIPS:portal vein pressure of the 15 patients decreased from (34±8)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to (21±7)mmHg before and after TIPS,with a statistically significant difference (t =7.07,P＜0.05).Portal vein pressure gradient decreased from (26± 9)mmHg to (12±5)mmHg before and after TIPS,with a statistically significant difference (t=6.43,P＜0.05).(3) Follow-up and survival situations:15 patients were followed up for 24.0-60.0 months,with a median follow-up time of 37.8 months.Main clinical symptoms:of 12 patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage,3 had gastrointestinal rehemorrhage mainly due to portal vein pressure rising again caused by shunt restenosis or occlusion,9 had no gastrointestinal rehemorrhage.Of 5 patients with portal vein thrombosis,thrombus was disappeared basically in 3 patients and decreased obviously (no effect on blood flow) in 2 patients.Three patients with refractory ascites were effectively improved after TIPS,however,2 of them were recurred at postoperative 5 months.Postoperative restenosis or occlusion of shunt channel:among 15 patients,7 developed restenosis or occlusion of the shunt channel (including 4 with bare stents).Five of them underwent shunt recanalization and another 2 without special clinical symptoms had no treatment.Hepatic encephalopathy:6 of 15 patients including 1 with 7 nun shunt,3 with 8 mm shunt and 2 with 10 mm shunt developed hepatic encephalopathy,of which grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ hepatic encephalopathy wee detected in 2,3,0 and 1 patients,respectively.Survival situations:of the 15 patients,1 died of hepatic failure at postoperative 6 months,3 were performed liver transplantation again at postoperative 3,8 and 14 months,respectively,11 survived more than 2 years with the longest survival time more than 6 years.Conclusion TIPS is safe and effective for recurrent portal hypertension after liver transplantation for patients who have not effective other treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICG-R15), Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score in predicting post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in liver cancer patients with portal hypertension. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 95 liver cancer patients with portal hypertension who underwent TIPS in Department of Interventional Therapy in Beijing Shijitan Hospital from January 2015 to June 2017, and according to the presence or absence of HE after TIPS, they were divided into HE group with 24 patients and non-HE group with 71 patients. ICG-R15, CTP class, and MELD score were determined for all patients before surgery. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test and the Fisher’s exact test were used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for HE after TIPS, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of ICG-R15, CTP class, and MELD score in predicting HE. ResultsThe incidence rate of HE was 25.2% (24/95) within 12 months after TIPS. The univariate analysis showed that stent location (P=0.021), ICG-R15 (P=0.005), and CTP class (P=0.040) were associated with HE after TIPS. The multivariate analysis showed that stent located in the right portal vein (OR=3.373, 95% CI: 2.346~5.103, P=0.010) and ICG-R15＞30% (OR=2.107, 95% CI: 1.331~3.212, P=0.036) were independent risk factors for HE after TIPS in liver cancer patients with portal hypertension. The ROC curve analysis showed that ICG-R15, MELD score, and CTP class had an area under the ROC curve of 0.659, 0.638, and 0.621, respectively, in predicting HE after TIPS. ConclusionICG-R15 has a certain clinical value in predicting HE after TIPS in liver cancer patients with portal hypertension.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)combined with indwelling catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of portal vein thrombosis(PVT).Methods The clinical efficacy of 307 patients with portal hypertension complicated by PVT,who received successful TIPS combined with indwelling catheter-directed thrombolysis at the Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University of China between January 2016 and December 2019,were retrospectively analyzed.Before and after TIPS,the inferior vena cava pressure(IVCP)and portal vein pressure(PVP)were measured,and the pre-TIPS,post-TIPS(before thrombolysis),and post-thrombolysis portal pressure gradient(PPG,PPG=PVP-IVCP)was separately calculated.Reexamination of portal venography DSA was performed to determine the degree of PVT disappearance and whether the shunt was unobstructed.All patients were followed up for one year.Results The pre-TIPS,post-TIPS(before thrombolysis),and post-thrombolysis mean PPG was(24.50±6.91)mmHg,(18.51±5.11)mmHg,and(10.17±3.97)mmHg,respectively.The post-thrombolysis mean PPG was strikingly lower than the pre-thrombolysis values,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).Among the 307 patients,complete disappearance of PVT was observed in 221(72.3%),remarkable reduction of PVT in 86(27.7%),and no invalid result was seen.The patients having complete patency of the shunt flow accounted for 85.7%of the 307 patients(261/307),and the patients having partial patency of the shunt flow accounted for 14.3%of the 307 patients(46/307).Forty-two patients developed complications,and no death occurred.All patients were followed up for one year,and the main clinical symptoms were improved or completely disappeared.Among the 307 patients,an increase in thrombus volume was found in 17(5.5%)when compared to their postoperative values,which returned to the first-time postoperative level after local treatment of the thrombus via the TIPS shunt combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis.Within one year after TIPS and thrombolysis,overt hepatic encephalopathy(OHE)occurred in 54 patients(17.6%,54/307).One patient died of hepatic failure 9 months after TIPS,another patient died of cerebral hemorrhage 11 months after TIPS,and all the remaining patients were alive.Conclusion For patients with portal hypertension complicated by PVT,TIPS combined with indwelling catheter-directed thrombolysis is clinically safe and effective.The standardized,systematic management of the whole therapeutic process should be strengthened.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,32:22-27)