Purpose To clarify the role of KAI1/CD82 in metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinom and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of KAI1/CD82-expressing EPCs in the prevention of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Method Umbilical vein-derived EPCs were infected with KAI1/CD82-expressing lenti-virus to get a KAI1/CD82-overexpressing EPC cell line (KAI1/CD82-EPCs).A xenograft mouse model of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma was established,and KAI1/CD82-EPCs were injected through the tail vein.The effect of the KAI1/CD82-EPCs on growth and metastasis of the xenograft was observed.Results Time required for tumor formation was 14.70 ± 3.81,15.05 ±3.85,14.20 ± 3.55 days respectively for the EPCs,EPCs-NC,and KAI1/CD82-EPCs groups,with no significant difference among the three groups (P =0.771).Weight of the xenograft was (1.388 ±0.204) g,(1.487 ±0.223) g,(1.485 ±0.234) g respectively for the EPCs,EPCs-NC,and KAI1/CD82-EPCs groups,with no significant difference (P =0.274).Rate of lung metastasis was 55％,45％ and 10％ for the EPCs,EPCs-NC,and KAI1/CD82-EPC groups,and the difference was significant (P =0.005).Number of metastatic lesions was 34.27 ± 5.35,38.44 ± 9.63,17.50 ± 3.54 for the three groups,and the difference was also significant (P =0.007).Immunohistochemistry indicated positive KAI1/CD82 expression in metastatic lesion of the KAI1/CD82-EPCs group,but no KAI1/CD82 expression in the EPCs group or EPCs-NC group.Conclusion KAI1/CD82-expressing EPCs inhibits lung metastasis of the xenograft mouse model of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancers among men worldwide, with a rapidly increasing trend in incidence and mortality in recent years. The occurrence and development of PCa are closely related to autophagy, and autophagic cell death can promote or inhibit the proliferation and survival of PCa cells. This article reviewed the molecular pathways and related regulatory mechanisms of autophagic cell death inhibiting PCa progression, aiming to explore new PCa treatment methods.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the modified docetaxel plus prednisone scheme for the metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients who got poor tolerance to chemotherapy.Method The clinical data of 50 metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer who received docetaxel + prednisone chemotherapy from March 2010 to October 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.23 cases received the modified DP regimen (modified group),27 cases received the standard DP regimen (standard group).The median age of the modified group and the standard group were 69 years (47-80 years) and 63 years (52-77 years) (P =0.005).There were 19 and 24 cases with pain in modified group and standard group respectively;10 and 19 cases with lymph node metastasis respectively;3 and 4 cases of visceral metastasis respectively;all of the 50 patients were complicated with bone metastasis.For the pathological Gleason score,there were 7 cases scored ≤7 points,13 cases scored ≥ 8 points and 3 cases unscored in the modified group;7 cases scored ≤7 points,15 cases scored ≥8 points and 5 cases unscored in standard group.There was no significant difference of the pain,metastasis,and Gleason score between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Progression free survival (PFS),overall survival (OS)and adverse events were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves,and the differences were assessed using the log-rank test.Results In the modified group and standard group,the median follow-up times were 11.0 months and 14.0 months respectively,the median chemotherapy cycles were 4.5 cycles and 5.0 cycles respectively;OS were 18.0 months and 27.5 months respectively (P =0.746).The PFS of the two groups were 6.0 months and 5.2 months,respectively (P =0.822).The PSA response were 13 cases and 17 cases in the modified group and standard group respectively (P =0.615),and the pain response were 8 cases and 7 cases (P =0.927),grade 3 to 4 adverse events were 3 cases and 14 cases (P =0.003).The main adverse events were blood toxicity,neutrophils,gastrointestinal reaction,edema,fatigue and oral mucositis etc.Conclusions Compared with the standard DP scheme,the modified DP scheme had no significant difference in OS,PFS,pain response rate and PSA response rate,while the incidence of grade 3 to 4 adverse events was significantly reduced.Modified DP scheme may be a better choice for patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer who get poor tolerance to chemotherapy.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of pancreatic metastatic tumors and evaluate the clinical value of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration or biopsy (EUS-FNA/B) in their diagnosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical, radiological, and pathological data of 11 cases with pancreatic metastatic tumors diagnosed by EUS-FNA/B at the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University between January 2011 and December 2020. Tumor size, number of lesions, time interval between diagnosis of metastatic lesions and primary tumors, radiological and EUS findings and pathological types were recorded, and success rate and diagnostic rate of EUS-FNA/B were analyzed.Results:The 11 patients with pancreatic metastatic tumors had an age range of 43 to 76 years, including 7 males and 4 females. Eight cases presented with symptoms of abdominal pain and poor appetite, 1 case had cervical lymph node enlargement, and 2 cases were detected during routine physical examination. Five cases had abnormal serum tumor markers. All patients had a confirmed history of primary tumors, and the median time interval between diagnosis of pancreatic metastatic lesions and primary tumors was 24 months (-1-124 months). Seven cases had solitary lesions, and 4 cases had multiple nodules under EUS. Eight cases were initially diagnosed clinically as pancreatic lesions or tumor, while 3 cases were considered as pancreatic metastatic tumor. All of 11 cases underwent EUS-FNA/B and were histologically confirmed as pancreatic metastatic tumors. The most common pathological type was lung small cell neuroendocrine cancer ( n=4), followed by renal cell carcinoma ( n=3), and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( n=1), pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma( n=1), malignant melanoma ( n=1), and gastric adenocarcinoma ( n=1). Conclusions:The pancreas is not a common target site for tumor metastasis.EUS-FNA/B is a relatively safe minimally invasive method for the diagnosis of pancreatic metastatic tumors.

Objective To investigate the effects of reducing APE/Refl expression in the cultures of rat spiral ganglion cells with oxidative damage induced by H2O2.Methods Primary cultured rat spiral ganglion cells were infected with small interfering RNA to APE/Refl (Apel siRNA) for 72 h,followed by treating with H2O2(0,10,25,50,100 and 300 μmol/L) for 1 h,and then cultured in normal medium for 24 h.Western blot were used to detect the level of APE/Refl protein and phosphorylation of histone protein H2AX in the infected cells.The caspase3 activation was tested by spectrophotometric method.The cell viability was determined by MTT and the apoptosis of spiral ganglion cells was determined by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and labeling (TUNEL).Results Western blot showed that infection with Ape1siRNA resulted in APE/Ref1 reduced expression in the spiral ganglion cells.Exposing spiral ganglion cultures with reduced expression of APE/Ref1 to H2O2 (50,100,300 μmol/L) for 1 h resulted in increasing in the phosphorylation of histone protein H2AX.The reduction in APE/Refl significantly reduced cell viability in cultures 24 h after 1 h expression to 50-300 μmol/L H2O2.The apoptosis of cells and caspase 3 activity was detected significantly improved.Conclusions The induced of APE/Refl results in significantly decrease in spiral ganglion cells viability in oxidative stress.The repairing function of APE/Refl is necessary for optimal levels of neuronal rat spiral ganglion cells survival.

Objective To identify issues and summarize experiences through the analysis and discussion of the current measurement comparison activity, and to improve the radiation detection ability of the social radiation environment detection institutions in Jiangsu Province, China. Methods Fixed measurement points were established. The institutions were assigned to different groups and carried out measurements one-by-one on site. For cosmic ray response value, each institution measured and recorded 50 original data; for γ dose rate in fields, roads, and indoor environments, each reference institution measured and recorded 10 original data. The institutions calculated the monitoring results independently, and the organizer’s expert group checked the results to ensure that there were no calculation errors. Gross errors were eliminated by Grubbs test, and the comparison results were evaluated by Z-score method (median/normalized interquartile range). Results Among the 75 measurement results (excluding the cosmic ray response values), 94.7% were rated as “satisfactory”, 5.3% as “problematic”, and none as “unsatisfactory”. The “problematic” results involved two FH40G γ radiation dose rate meters and one AT1121 γ radiation dose rate meter. Conclusion The cosmic ray response value of the instrument does not necessarily affect the comparison and evaluation of environmental γ radiation dose rate measurement results. AT1121 γ radiation dose rate meter may not be suitable for measuring the air-absorbed dose rate of γ radiation in general environment.

Objective To investigate the dose of docetaxel appropriate for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and its affects to the prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 75 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer admitted from March 2010 to July 2016 who received docetaxel combined with prednisone chemotherapy.The patients were divided into the low-dose group (n =43,docetaxel ＜ 65 mg/m2),the middle-dose group (n =21,docetaxel 65-70 mg/m2) and the high-dose group (n =11,docetaxel ＞ 70 mg/m2).The median age in the low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group was 67 (53-80),66 (56-78) and 61 (47-76) years old,respectively.Among 75 patients with bone metastasis,2 patients had no evidence of bone metastasis in the low-dose group.The lymph node metastasis was found in 26,13 and 6 cases in each group,respectively.And visceral and other metastasis were founded in 11,4 and 2 cases,respectively.The Gleason score in the low-dose group was≤7 points in 15 cases,≥8 points in 22 cases and no score in 6 cases.The Gleason score inthe middle-dose group was ≤7 points in 4 cases,≥8 points in 13 cases and no score in 4 cases.The Gleason score in the high-dose group was ≤7 points in 3 cases,≥8 points in 5 cases and no score in 3 cases.The number of patients with pain in the low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group was 36,12 and 9,respectively,there were no significant differences in the above indicators (P ＞ 0.05),except age,which showed relatively more aged patients in the low-dose group,(P =0.045).Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the overall survival (OS),progression-free survival (PFS) and the incidence of ≥CTCAE-4 grade 3 adverse reactions between the two groups.The Cox regression model was adopted to analyzed the factors that might affect patient prognosis,including the effective time of first-line endocrine therapy,hemoglobin level,ECOG score,pain score,number of cycles of chemotherapy,age,dose of docetaxel and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the effect of dose of docetaxel on the prognosis,and log-rank method was used to test the significance of the results.Results The median OS was respectively 24.1,18.5 and 23.5 months in the low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group,respectively.The median PFS was 5.3 months in all three groups,which didn't show statistically significant differences.The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse reactions in the low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group was 15 cases (34.9％),8 cases (38.1％) and 5 cases (45.5％) respectively.It showed an increasing trend,but no statistically significant difference.The single factors related to OS mainly include the effective time of first-line endocrine therapy,hemoglobin level,ECOG score,pain score,number of cycles of chemotherapy,there was no significant correlation with age,docetaxel dose,ALP and PSA value.Conclusions It is common to receive lower doses of docetaxel in clinical practice for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in China.The efficacy of low-dose docetaxel is similar to that of high doses (standard dosage).There was no significant correlation between the OS and the actual dose of docetaxel in the tolerable range.

Erythropoietic protoporphyria （EPP） is a rare inherited metabolic disease that often involves skin， blood， and nervous systems， and EPP with the main manifestations of severe liver damage and acute abdominal pain is extremely rare. By reviewing the clinical data and genetic testing results of a patient with EPP， this article discusses the clinical features and pathogenic genes of this disease， in order to improve the understanding of the disease among hepatologists and achieve early diagnosis and treatment.

Three 2,3-diketoquinoxaline alkaloids were isolated from Heterosmilax yunnanensis Gagnep. Their structures were determined through 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, and IR as 1-[5′-(3″-hydroxy-3″-methyl) glutaryl] ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (1), 1-[2′-(3″-hydroxy-3″-methyl) glutaryl]ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (2), and 1-ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (3). Compounds 1 and 2 are novel compounds, and 3 was isolated from H. yunnanensis for the first time. The hepatoprotective activity of these three compounds was evaluated, with compound 3 showing promising hepatoprotective activity.