The effects of electro-and chemo-stimulating (ES, CS) supraoptic nucleus (SON) on analgesia and electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia were observed using potassium inotophoresis induced tail-flick in rats. The results showed that: different electrical current (12.5 ~ 50 ?A) stimulating SON elevated the PT (P

This study was aimed to objectify Color Inspection in Traditional Chinese Medicine (CITCM). A quantita-tive system for CITCM was designed and developed. The entire system included two parts, which were the hardware and the software. The hardware was an image acquisition device in a standard lighting condition. The software was used for digital image processing. The chromaticity of facial special region (SR) corresponding to five internal organs were calculated. The system was carried out by taking 100 samples of people. It was concluded that the experiment verified the effectiveness of the system in objective study of CITCM. It can be used as basis for the further study on CITCM.

Objective To study the effects of different temporal resolution of spiral computed tomography (CT)on perfusion parameters and perfusion curve of cervical cervical cancer.Methods Ten cases of cervical cancer were clinically confirmed with CT perfusion scanning.The original data were acquired using temporal resolution of 0.75 s.Then the original data were grouped according to different temporal resolution,namely,1.5 s group,2.25 s group,3 s group,3.75 s group,4.5 s group,5.25 s group,and 6 s group (experiment group). According to the same mathematical model and ROI of the same part,perfusion parameters (BF,BV,MTT,and PS)in each group were calculated respectively and compared with the original data.Results BF and MTT were relatively sensitive to the change of temporal resolution.When the temporal resolution was 3 s,it had a significant impact.PS and BV were not so sensitive to the change of temporal resolution.Temporal resolution of 4.5 s had a significant effect on PS. There was a significant effect on BV until the temporal resolution was 5.25 s. Conclusion Changing the temporal resolution will lead to corresponding changes of perfusion curve and perfusion parameters.Under the premise that it does not affect the diagnosis,properly decreasing temporal resolution (circu-lar scanning temporal ≤2.25 s)of CT perfusion scanning of cervical cancer can reduce the radiation dose effectively.

Objective To summarize the nursing experience of orthophoria peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC).Methods Patients who failed percutaneous intravenous puncture(23 cases)underwent orthophoria HCC.The operation technique,nursing points and prevention of complications were summarized.Results All 23 patients received successful first-time puncture.Accurate anatomical position,strict aseptic manipulation and change of dressing were required during nursing.One patient failed in transmission of the tube after successful puncture.One patient appeared local red swelling of skin.Conclusions Orthophoria PICC is suitable for patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy who failed percutaneous intravenous puncture.Selective nursing has pivotal significance for successful operation.

Obj ectiev The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of bone metastasis on survival in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),Which were treated with gefitinib for more than 6 months,and to identify the prognostic factors of patients with NSCLC presenting bone metastasis .Methods We compared the overall survival(OS), progression-free survival(PFS),1-year2,-year and 3-year survival rates between two cohorts based on bone metastasis ,as well as the prognostic factors in the patients with bone metastasis .Results In total, 76 patients were included in the study ,in which there are44 patients with no bone metastasis and32 patients with bone metastasis.The cohorts were similar in OS (19.000 ±3.317 months vs.26.000 ±2.121 months,P =0.625)as well as PFS (14.000 ±1.843 months vs.16.000 ±1.411 months,P=0.328).The 1-year survival rate was 63.6%in no bone metastasis cohort,but was increased to 96.9%in the other cohort.The survival rates at 2 years(34.1%vs.56.3%,P=0.054)and 3 years(18.2%vs.18.4%,P=0.950)were similar.The univa-riate analysis showed that a worse prognosis was more likely existed in elderly patients ( aged >60 years) and with pulmonary progression ,whereby factors including gender ,pathology s,moking index ,brain metastases ,bone related events and the application of radiotherapy ,bisphosphonates might not be independently associated with the surviv -al late.Analysis of multiple variables indicated a favorable prognosis for patients with no pulmonary progression . Conclusion This retrospective study shows that bone metastasis may not shorten the survival in patients whose pulmonary lesion was controlled by gefitinib .On the contrary ,pulmonary progression may be more likely the cause of death in patients with bone metastasis .Non suggestion is given to discontinue gefitinib when the bone metastasis appears.

Objective To observe the neurotoxicity of epidural different dose of dexmedetomi-dine in combination with 0.75% bupivacaine.Methods Twenty-five rabbits weight 2-3 kg without gender tendency and equipped with an epidural lumbar catheter were allocated randomly to five groups with 5 cases each.The control group (group C)received injections of 1.5 ml normal saline,0.75%bupivacaine 1.5 ml plus normal saline 0.5 ml in group B,and the other treatment groups received in-jections of 0.75% bupivacaine 1 ml plus dexmedetomidine 0.1 μg/kg (group D1 ), 0.75%bupivacaine 1 ml plus dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/kg (group D2 )or 0.75% bupivacaine 1 ml plus dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg (group D3),in the same volume of 1.5 ml.After successive 3-day epi-dural administration of the drugs and a 3-day observation,the rabbits were killed and the spinal cord was examined under optical and electron microscope.Results Serious damages of neuron were found in 1 animal from group D2 and 2 from group D3 under optical microscope.There was unclear bounda-ries between gray and white matter.Some nerve cells appeared necrosis in the grey matter of spinal cord and the number of nerve cells was decreased.Some reversible changes were found in all groups under electron microscope.Conclusion Epidural administration of dexmedetomidine can induce spinal cord and spinal nerves injury dose-dependently,and the motor function can recuperated completely.

Objective To investigate the feasibility,safety,and short term efficacy of endoscopicultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA).Methods Three patients with advanced,inoperable pancreatic carcinoma underwent EUS-RFA.Under the guidance of EUS,a 22 gauge fine needle was punctured into the pancreatic carcinoma,and 1 Fr radiofrequency (RF) catheter was placed into the cancer through this 22 gauge needle.RFA was applied at 10 watts for 2 minutes,and then 15 watts for another 2 minutes.The second needle's tract was selected and punctured about 1 ～ 1.5 cm apart from the first needle tract,and the ablation was repeated.Results The average age of these 3 patients was 63 years old.Two patients were diagnosed to have pancreatic tail cancer and one was pancreatic body cancer,and the mean diameter of the tumor was 3.6 cm.Pre-operative EUS-FNA confirmed the presence of malignant cells.EUS-RFA was performed three times at an interval of 2 weeks in the first patient and one time in the last two patients.The average session of EUS-RFA of each lesion was 3.67 times.After 2 weeks,EUS showed that the diameter of the lesions was reduced by 13.9％ on average.There were vacuolar degenerations of variable sizes in those lesions.The serum level of CA19-9 was averagely decreased by 46.5％.Abdominal pain was not obviously aggravated.There were no episodes of pancreatitis,perforation or bleeding within 48 hours after the procedure.The mean follow-up time was 49 days,and no complications occurred.Conclusions EUS-RFA can reduce the diameter of pancreatic carcinoma and decrease the serum level of CA19-9,and it is feasible and safe.

In recent years,vitamin D research has made important progress in non-skeletal health. Lack of vi-tamin D or deficiency can lead to the susceptibility of children with respiratory tract infection (RTI). RTIs are more likely to occur with serum 25 hydroxyl D [25(OH)D]concentrations < 38 μg/ L (95 nmol/ L). Daily or weekly vita-min D supplementation has a protective effect on RTI. Vitamin D has a major impact on the immune system and directly or indirectly regulates more than 200 different genes by binding 1,25 dihydroxy D[1,25 (OH) 2 D]to the vitamin D re-ceptor (VDR). Regulation of innate immunity causes downstream reactions to produce antimicrobial peptides,which lead to the killing of various pathogenic bacteria. In addition,regulation of adaptive immunity [helper T lymphocyte (Th)1,Th2,regulatory T cells(Treg)cells and Th17]and regulation of the inflammatory cascade by regulating the nu-clear factor kappa B (NF-κB)pathway. These are good for prevention and treatment of children RTI. The recommen-ded daily dose of vitamin D supplementation recommended by the American Medical Institute for bone health and the optimal 25(OH)D concentration for preventing and treating vitamin D supplementation in other non-bony iliac system diseases are also described. This article aims to further understand vitamin D and introduce its research progress in the prevention and treatment RTI in children.

Objective Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endoscopic breast conserving surgery (EBCS) has been developed as a potential means for treating breast tumors with minimal disruption to adjacent soft tissues.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cosmetic outcomes of RFA assisted by EBCS on patients with early breast carcinoma (T1 -2 N0-1 M0).Methods Twenty-three patients with biopsy proven invasive breast carcinoma ( ≤3 cm in diameter),were treated with ultrasound (US)guided percutaneous-RFA for the local tumors followed by sentinel lymph node biopsy and endoscopic auxiliary node dissection and lumpectomy.The reactions to breast cosmetics were observed and compared to the conventional approaches using the breast asymmetry score for EBCS and a self -assessment questionnaire targeting objective and subjective data about treatment related breast change.Results Twenty-three patients were successfully treated with RFA.Complete coagulation necrosis of the tumor was visualized at US and mammography in 22 of 23 patients (95.6 ％).22 patients being per formed RFA and EBCS presented little scars and the breasts preserved more cosmetically acceptable than the reported results of traditional protocols.Self-assessment acceptable rate was 100 ％,aesthetic outcome as good or excellent rated in 95.5 ％(21/22).Within the follow-up of above 36 months,there were no local recurrence,metastasis,wound infection or necrosis,nerve damage,haematoma,as well as upper limb swelling or lymphoedema,no reduced upper limb mobility and tumor seeding.Conclusions RFA with endoscopic breast conservation therapy for the treatment of early breast carcinoma is more effective and cosmetically acceptable than the traditional approaches.

Human respiratory tract is colonized with microbial communities. In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technology has subverted the traditional understanding of pulmonary sterility by proving that there are bacteria in the lungs. As research progresses, it is discovered that there is a connection between the gut and respiratory microbiota, known as the " gut-lung axis" . The gut microbiota can influence lung immunity, and lung inflammation can affect the gut microbiota and cause disease. An in-depth understanding of the " gut-lung axis" has given us a deeper understanding of mucosal immunity. The respiratory microbiota may play an important role in the structural maturation of the host airway, the formation of local immunity and the development of the system, and also has an important impact on the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases in children. In recent years, many achievements have been made in microbiological research around respiratory diseases. Attempts to apply microbe-directed therapies (including probiotics, prebiotics and antibiotics and even vaccines) to restore the healthy homeostasis of the respiratory microbiota in diseased states may be an important target for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in the future. The assumption of applying " omics" such as metagenomics, metabolomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics for experimental research may help to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of the respiratory microbiota on respiratory health and disease, and to better understand the function of the respiratory microbiota and causality. Actively searching for novel probiotics or microbiota with anti-inflammatory properties will be a potential candidate approach for improving airway inflammation in the future; further discovery of novel metabolites with immunomodulatory potential as well as the metabolites of purified microorganisms (such as short-chain fatty acids) will provide promising candidates for the treatment of respiratory diseases. This article summarized the progress in this field in recent years.