Objective To analysis the causes of cardic arrest during liver transplantation, and investigate the preventive measures. Methods Clinical records about 5 patients with cardiac arrest in liver transplant were studied retrospectively. Results Occurrence of cardiac arrest was 2.1 % (5/240). All the events happened at 3-6 min after graft reperfusion, and arrest lasted 3-8 min. Two patients died of resuscitation failure. After graft reperfusion, CVP and MPAP were much high in 5 patients. All of them had hypothermia and hypocalcemia. Three of them also had acidosis and two complicated with hyperkalemia. In one case, the difference between PaCO_2 and P_ETCO_2 was 47 mm Hg. Conclusion Many factors, such as disturbances of electrolyte and acid-base equilibrium or hypothermia, seemed to have some contribution to cardiac arrest occurrence after reperfusion. Various methods should be used to counter it.

Objective To evaluate the changes in peripheral?1-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in a rat model of chronic high spinal cord injury (SCI)Methods Thirty male 18-week-old Wistar rats weighing 290-310g were randomly divided into 2 groups: SCI group (n=24) and control group (C n=6) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 2 % pentobartital 50 mg?kg-1 and subjected to spinal cord injury (SCI) at T4 according to modified Allen's method. Successful high SCI was confirmed by bilateral hindlimb flaccid paralysis. Three weeks after SCI the animals were further divided into 4 subgroups (n=6) receiving 4 different doses of phenylephrine 1, 2, 3 and 4 ?g?kg-1 i.v. Femoral artery was connulated for BP (SBP and DBP) and HR monitoring. HR and SBP and DBP were recorded before and after i.v. phenylephrine injection. In control group phenylephrine (PE) 1,2,3 and 4 ?g?kg-1 were injected i.v. successively at an 1h interval. % changes in HR, SBP and DBP were calculated: % change = (post-injection value- baseline value) / baseline value. Results The animals lost weight and HR was significantly slower and SBP and DBP were significantly lower 3 weeks after SCI as compared with control group. In both group C and SCI, HR was significantly decreased and SBP and DBP were significantly increased after i.v. PE injection as compared to the baseline value before PE. The % changes in HR, SBP and DBP were significantly greater in group SCI than in group C. Conclusion In a rat model of chronic high SCI, peripheral?1-adrenergic receptor sensitivity is significantly increased 3 weeks after high SCI.

Objective To know the health habit about water drinking of the residents in the communities provided with pipe direct drinking water system. Methods From June, 2006 till July, 2006, 340 family were interviewed using the same questionnaire. At the same time, the water samples were collected from the pipe direct drinking water system and tap water. Results Of the interviewed family, 80.37% drank the water of pipe direct drinking water system. 47.66% also used the water for washing, gargling, cooking and so on. 61.69% drank the water without boiling. 69.15% did not abandon the old water before using. 67.29% never sterilized the tap and the detection rate of bacteria in the samples was 83.18%. Conclusion The contamination situation of the pipe direct drinking water system in Podong New District, Shanghai is not to be ignored. The health administrative organization must strengthen the inspection of the pipe direct drinking water system and the health education in this field must be promoted.

Objective To evaluate intraoperative cholangiopancreatography in understanding pathologic changes of congenital choledochal cyst(CCC) with anomalous junction of pancreaticobiliary duct(APBD) and for rational operative procedure. Methods Eighty-two CCC cases were examined by intraoperative cholangiopancreatography(ICP). The morphologies of the biliary tract and types of APBD were recorded. Results Of the 82 CCC cases there were 35 cases of Todani Ia,9 cases of Ib,28 cases of Ic and 10 cases of Ⅳ.APBD was diagnosed in 73 cases and classified according to Komi classification. Of them,37 cases were classified as type I of APBD (bile duct drains into pancreatic duct),30 cases as type II (pancreatic duct drains into bile duct) and 6 cases as type III (complicated APBD with patent accessory pancreatic duct). Of the 44 cases with choledochal cystic dilatations,33 cases were of type I. Of the 29 biliary fusiform dilatations,21 were of type II. Of 21 patients with pancreatitis,17 were of type II (? 2=33.14,P

Objective To evaluate the endoscopic papillectomy (EP) for ampullary adenoma (AA). Methods The resection rate, complications, local residual rate and local recurrence of EP for AA at endoscopy center of Changhai Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results From July 2005 to July 2009, a total of 19 patients with endoscopically diagnosed and pathologically confirmed AA underwent EP, in which 18 cases were scattered AA (94. 7%) including 1 case of multiple adenomas in duodenum, and 1 (5.3%) was familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The lesion was resected en bloc in 11 cases (57.9%) , and piecemeal in 8 (42. 1%). All patients were followed up at a mean period of 24. 5 months (range 7-48 months). The residual rate after first EP was 21. 1% (4/19), and the total success rate was 89.5% (17/19). Short-term complications after EP included 3 cases of bleeding, 3 cases of mild acute pancreatitis and 2 cases of acute cholangitis. Long-term complications were 1 case of stenosis of the common bile duct (CBD) orifice accompanied with acute cholangitis, 1 case of CBD stone and 1 case of acute cholangitis after stent placement. No such severe complications as perforation or procedure-related death was observed.Conclusion EP is a safe and effective modality for ampullary adenoma.

Objective:To assess the effects of different fluid therapies on myocardial function,blood-spinal cord barrier and water content of spinal cord after acute high level spinal cord injury(SCI) in rats.Methods: Thirty-two male SD rats, weighing (300?20) g, were anesthetized intraperitoneally with pentobarbital (40 mg/kg). A cervical laminectomy extending from C6-T1 was performed and the experimental acute cervical 7 spinal cord injury model was created by modified Allen’s method,and then the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8): control group(C group) with no fluid resuscitation, 7.5% hypertonic saline group(HS group), 6% hydroxyethyl starch group(HES group) and banlanced solution group (BS group).Fifteen minutes after injury, rats of each treatment groups were given (iv. at 4 ml/kg) above-mentioned fluids in 4 min,then continuously infused at a rate of 10 ml?kg -1 ?h -1 over for 30 min.MAP,HR,left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),and ?dp/dt max were recorded at 5,15 and 30 min.At 30 min, 0.5% Evan's blue(EB) 1 ml was injected iv.Two hours later the animals were sacrificed and the injured segments of spinal cords were removed for determination of water content and EB content.Results:After SCI there were no differences of HR at different time points in each group. At 5 min,HS significantly increased MAP,LVSP and ?dp/dt max compared with control group(P

Objective:To observe the changes of ? 1 -adrenergic receptors expression in a high-level spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model,providing information for studying the mechanisms of severe hypertension of autonomic dysreflexia.Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: sham-lesion group(n=6) and SCI group(n=36). Severe spinal crush injury was induced at T 4 using modified Allens device in SCI group, while sham-lesion group received laminectomy at T 4 only.The expression of ? 1 -adrenergic receptors mRNA in different segments of spinal cord:injured segment(I), above(A) and below(B) the injured site, were measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after SCI. Results: Compared with sham-lesion group,the express of ? 1 -adrenergic receptors mRNA in group A decreased 3 d after SCI and dropped to the least 1 week later,and restored to the normal level 2 weeks later.The impairment of ? 1 -adrenergic receptors mRNA expression in group I occured immediately after SCI and hit the lowest value 3 d later,and did not recover to the nomal 4 weeks later.Decrease of ? 1 -adrenergic receptors mRNA expression in group B were detected 1 d after SCI,but began to increase on 3 d and exceeded that of group C 4 weeks later.Conclusion: In chronic SCI rat models ? 1 -adrenergic receptors expression increases below the level of SCI,which might be a contributing factor to the severe hypertension of autonomic dysreflexia.

Objective To investigate the anti- inflammatory and analgesic a ctions of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) and its compositions and to study its rule of compatibility.Methods Analgesic action of HGWD and its compositio ns were observed by hot- plate method and acetic- acid- induced body twist me thod. Anti- inflammatory action of HGWD and its compositions were observed on t he models of xylene- induced auricular swelling in mice, celiac capillary perme ability in mice, cotton- induced granuloma in rats, albumem- induced arthritis and adjuvant arthritis in rats.Results HGWD and its drug pairs could inhibit the acute inflammation induced by albumen and xylene and rat adjuvant arthriti, decrease the celiac capillary permeability, inhibit the proliferation of granu loma, increase the pain threshold in mice and reduce the frequencies of body tw ist induced by acetic acid.Conclusion HGWD has significant anti- inflammatory and analgesic actions, so does single drug; Radix Astragali alone, but when Ra dix Astragali is used with the other drugs in HGWD, its effect can be enhanced.

ObjectiveTo verify the reliability of the mouse model of cerebral cortical microinfarct induced by two-photon microscopy and to explore its pathological changes.MethodsSeventeen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a microinfarct group (n=11) or a sham operation group (n=6).A thinned cranial window of 3 mm diameter was performed over the cerebral cortex with a high-speed micro-drill until the small blood vessels were clearly observed under a dissecting microscope.Then, a permanent single cortical penetrating arteriole occlusion was induced with a gradually enhanced ultrashort laser irradiation through the thinned cranial window with two-photon microscopy.At 7 days after modeling, the cerebral microinfarct volume was measured with HE staining, and the neuron loss, activation of glial cells and deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine were assessed using immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe target vessels of cerebral cortex in 8 (72.7%) mice were occluded and the microinfarcts formed in the microinfarct group, and the average microinfarct volume was 317.23±20.29 μm3.There were remarkable neuron loss and microglia infiltration in the infarcted core, a large number of reactive astrocytes surrounding the infarcted lesion, and massive deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine in the peri-infarct area.No infarcts were observed in the sham operation group.The deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine in the sham operation group was significantly less than that in the microinfarct group (8.00±1.48 vs.98.38±9.10;t=23.962, P<0.001).Conclusions The mouse model of cerebral cortical microinfarct induced by two-photon microscopy is reliable, and its histopathologic changes are consistent with the pathologic features of cerebral microinfarct.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)in treatment of patients with early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods A total of 4 3 consecutive patients with EGC were treated with ESD at Changhai Hospital from July 2007 to July 2008.The data referred to one-piece resection,histologically complete resection,operation time,complications,the post-ESD ulcer-healing and local recurrance were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsEn bloc resection was achieved in 97.7 0A(4 2/43)lesions in one-piece resection.The histologically complete resection rate was 95.3%(41/43).Only one patient had acute minor bleeding during the ESD procedure(2.3%,1/43)and one patient had delayed bleeding(2.3%,1/43).Post-ESD epigastric pain was found in 2 2 patients(51.2%).There was no complications such as acute major bleeding,perforation,requiring surgical treatment and death.The median operation time was 60.4 miutes.The post-ESD ulcer-healing was achieved in 100%(42/42)8 weeks after esomeprazole treatment.During follow-uP of 10.3 months(ranged from 8 to 1 8 months),no residual or local recurrence of EGC was seen.Conclusion ESD has the advantages of increasing one-piece resection and histologically curative resection rates.It is a safe and effective procedure in treatment of EGC.