Objective To explore the correlation between adverse childhood experiences, personality characteris?tics and alcohol dependence. Methods A total of 102 patients with alcohol-dependence (Patients group) and 106 volun?teers (control group) were rated by the adverse childhood experience scale (ACEs) and the big five personality scale (BFP). Results The prevalence of ACEs are significant higher in patients group than in control group, especially regard?ing emotional abuse, physical neglect, witness violence and substance abuse. The patients group has lower scores of de?light, conscientiousness and higher scores of psychoticism. Psychoticism and parents abuse alcohol in childhood were the risk factors of alcohol dependence. Conclusions There is a correlation between alcohol dependence with their ACEs, per?sonality characteristics and parents abused substance. The psychoticism increase the risk of alcohol dependence.

Up to 90%of patients with Parkinson disease(PD)experience speech disorders that seriously affect quality of life.The new progress has been made on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)in the clinical practice of treating speech disorders in patients with PD in recent years.The studies showed that applying rTMS to the orofacial region of the primary motor cortex(M1)and the superior temporal gyrus(STG)could safely and effectively improve speech function of patients with PD with no reported side effects.The underlying mechanism may relate to ability of rTMS to modulate the degree of excitability and functional connectivity in speech-associated cerebral cortices,such as M1 and STG.In conclusion,rTMS has exhibited encouraging outcomes in managing speech disorders in patients with PD.However,the number of studies is still insufficient and more large-scale randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are needed in the future to further support the findings of this review.