Background:Recurrent acute pancreatitis(RAP)is a special type of acute pancreatitis(AP). Finding the cause is the key to avoid the recurrence of RAP. Aims:To investigate the risk factors of RAP. Methods:The clinical data of 43 patients with RAP and 130 patients with only one time AP(control group)were retrospectively analyzed. Risk factors of recurrence of RAP were analyzed. Results:Univariate analysis showed that no significant differences in etiology,severity, serum levels of cholesterol,calcium,white blood cell count,amylase,ALT,AST,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin and C-reactive protein were found between RAP group and control group(P > 0. 05). Serum triglyceride level,blood glucose level and CT score in RAP group were significantly higher than those in control group(t = 3. 260,P < 0. 05;t = 2. 720, P < 0. 05;t = 2. 162,P < 0. 05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serum triglyceride level,blood glucose level and CT score were risk factors of RAP(oR = 1. 86,95% CI:1. 05-3. 68,P = 0. 03;oR = 1. 23,95% CI:1. 01-1. 50,P = 0. 04;oR = 2. 46,95% CI:1. 00-6. 03,P = 0. 04). Conclusions:The recurrence of RAP is related with serum triglyceride level,blood glucose level and CT score.

Peripheral pulmonary lesions(PPL),including peripheral pulmonary nodules,are common lung problems.As the increase of patients with lung nodules,the demand for tissue sampling also increases.Safe and accurate biopsy techniques are very important for patients to identify benign and malignant lesions.Electronic bronchoscopy is one of the biopsy techniques for the diagnosis of PPL in recent decades.Various guiding techniques,such as radial probe endobronchial ultrasound and virtual navigation bronchoscope,have been proved to improve the performance of conventional bronchoscopy.This paper aims to provide an review of the available data on advanced bronchoscopic techniques and explore their application in diagnosing PPL.